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Injectables

Injectables refer to pharmaceutical preparations that are administered by injection, typically through the skin or into a muscle or vein.
These include a wide range of medications such as vaccines, anesthetics, hormones, and biologics.
Injectables offer advantages in terms of rapid absorption, precise dosing, and targeted delivery.
However, the administration of injectables requires specialized knowledge and techniques to ensure safety and efficacy.
Proper handling, storage, and administration protocols are critical to minimize risks and optimize therapeutic outcomes.
Researchers and clinicians must stay informed on the latest developments in injectable formulations, delivery systems, and best practices to provide the highest quality of care for their patients.

Most cited protocols related to «Injectables»

In February 2009, GHC and the Ethiopian FMOH initiated a treatment programme for MDR TB in Ethiopia at St. Peter's Hospital in Addis Ababa. The second site was initiated in September 2010 at the University of Gondar Hospital (UoG) in Gondar, northwestern Ethiopia. Clinical staff involved in programme start-up first received didactic training in Addis Ababa and hands-on training in Cambodia from GHC and ongoing clinical mentorship. This group formed the key participants in the Ethiopian MDR Technical Working Group.
All patients with MDR TB, defined as having evidence of resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin by phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing or genotypic resistance by a line probe assay (GenoType MTBDRplus V.2.0, HAIN Life Science, Nehren, Germany), were eligible to receive treatment. Additionally, patients with rifampicin-monoresistance or those with clinically presumed MDR TB, based on multiple treatment failures despite directly observed therapy (DOT), or those who were close contacts of patients with MDR TB, were also eligible for treatment. A standardised, second-line drug (SLD) regimen was administered, consisting of (1) at least three oral agents to which the patient was presumed to have susceptibility (eg, levofloxacin, ethionamide, cycloserine or para-aminosalicyclic acid (PAS)), (2) pyrazinamide and (3) an aminoglycoside (amikacin or kanamycin) or polypeptide (capreomycin) injectable agent. Injectables were maintained for a minimum of 8 months based on clinical, microbiological and radiographic evolution, and ultimate treatment duration was a minimum of 18 months after bacteriological conversion.
Most patients were hospitalised at the initiation of therapy in accordance with national standards until they smear converted and were clinically stable, followed by transition to the ambulatory setting. A subset of healthier patients was initiated on therapy as outpatients beginning in 2010. After discharge from the hospital, patients returned to the hospital outpatient clinic on a monthly basis and visited health centres in their proximity for daily drug administration and observation. Monthly sputum samples were collected for both inpatients and outpatients for smear and mycobacterial culture.
Family treatment supporters were trained for drug adherence monitoring, and those patients living within Addis Ababa and Gondar were visited monthly at home by a dedicated outpatient team. All patients received a monthly food basket. After assessment of the patient's living conditions, those found to be vulnerable due to extreme poverty were provided economic assistance for transport, additional food and house rent if needed throughout therapy. Patients who were initiated on therapy as outpatients were followed by the GHC outpatient team, including roving nurses who provided them with daily injections of the injectable agent (5–6 days per week). All patients were screened for HIV upon enrolment. Patients who were HIV-infected were offered antiretroviral therapy (ART) regardless of CD4 cell count if not on ART prior to enrolment, or were continued on ART, if on this treatment already.
Publication 2015
Acids Amikacin Aminoglycosides Biological Assay Biological Evolution Capreomycin Cell Therapy Cycloserine Directly Observed Therapy Ethionamide Food Food Additives Genotype Injectables Inpatient Isoniazid Kanamycin Levofloxacin Mentorships Mycobacterium Nurses Outpatients Patient Discharge Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Polypeptides Pyrazinamide Rifampin Sputum Susceptibility, Disease Treatment Protocols X-Rays, Diagnostic
Data were collected between September 2003 and August 2009. Participants were referred to the study by treating clinicians or self-referral. CCT was described to potential participants as a thinking and memory “class” to de-stigmatize the focus on cognitive impairment and to emphasize skill acquisition rather than psychotherapy. Diagnoses were confirmed via DSM-IV-based diagnostic chart reviews and/or structured diagnostic interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview).22 (link) Following baseline assessment, participants were randomly assigned to receive CCT plus standard pharmacotherapy (CCT) or standard pharmacotherapy alone (SP). Early in the study, randomization occurred following each participant's baseline assessment, but to save time, we altered the study procedure to randomize in blocks of five, meaning that after five participants were enrolled and completed baseline assessment, they were randomized as a group to receive either CCT or SP.
The CCT intervention was delivered in groups in 12, two-hour sessions over 12 weeks in two community-based mental health clinics that followed a psychosocial rehabilitation model.1 (link) The CCT groups consisted of five participants and two therapists; therapists were EWT and doctoral trainees trained and supervised by EWT. The structure of the CCT intervention was determined by the treatment manual, but was also intended to be interactive and personally meaningful to the participants. Sessions included a review of homework, troubleshooting of strategy use, psychoeducation and rationale for the targeted domains, demonstration and practice of each strategy, feedback on strategy use, and individualized discussion regarding implementation of the strategies in daily life. A break was provided between the first and second hours of each session. Homework was assigned to encourage real-world implementation of strategies as well as to provide an opportunity to troubleshoot any difficulties. CCT did not use computers, and strategies taught did not “train to the test” or use any of the outcome measures during training. Therapists and participants all used the treatment manual during sessions.
Participants completed outcome assessments at post-treatment and at three-month follow-up. Personnel performing the assessments were blind to group assignment and trained to a high level of reliability on symptom rating instruments (ICC ≥ 0.80). Participants were compensated for their time and travel to assessment sessions, but were not paid for attending CCT sessions. Chlorpromazine equivalent amounts in milligrams (CPZE) were used to convert antipsychotic medication dosages at baseline according to standard formulae (except clozapine and injectables).23 -24 (link)
Publication 2012
Antipsychotic Agents Chlorpromazine Clozapine Diagnosis Disorders, Cognitive Injectables Memory Mental Health Pharmacotherapy Physicians Psychiatric Rehabilitation Psychotherapy Teaching Visually Impaired Persons
Data were entered into CSPro 6.0 or KoboToolbox (KoBoCollect 1.4.8) and subsequently exported to PASW (SPSS) Version 24 for cleaning and analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics were stratified by age group and reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Chi-squared (categorical variables) and t tests (means) were used to describe and compare results between age groups; these are reported with 95% CI and p-values. Observations with missing data for specific variables were excluded from analysis of those variables; missing data are ≤1% for all variables except duration of current displacement and timing of last sexual activity (1.2% of weighted base). The primary outcome measures were current use of modern contraceptives and current use of a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC). Modern contraceptive methods were defined as tubal ligation, vasectomy, intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, injectables, oral contraceptive pills, and male and female condoms; LARCs were defined as IUD and implant. Contraceptive knowledge included both spontaneous and prompted knowledge of individual contraceptive methods. Unmet need for contraception was defined as married or sexually active fecund women who are not currently using contraception and who do not want to be pregnant within two years or ever. Statements regarding attitudes or satisfaction were asked on a four-point Likert scale and collapsed into two categories (agree/disagree and satisfied/not satisfied).
Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI to determine factors associated with modern contraceptive use in this population. Independent variables in the model included proximate determinants of fertility such as age (continuous variable), religion (Catholic, Protestant, other/none), marital status (not married, currently married, or cohabitating), education (no formal schooling, some or completed primary. some or completed secondary or higher), displaced at least once in the previous 5 years (yes/no), age at first sexual encounter (continuous variable), and had begun childbearing (yes/no). This study is reported as per the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines (S1 STROBE Checklist).
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Publication 2020
Age Groups Contraceptive Agents Contraceptive Devices Contraceptive Methods Contraceptives, Oral Female Condoms Fertility Fertility Determinants Injectables Males Roman Catholics Tubal Ligation Vasectomy Woman
We recruited participants across clinic sites in and around Nashville, Tennessee, including 13 FQHC locations and 3 Vanderbilt University Medical Center primary care locations. Recruitment strategies included the use of flyers, interest cards, referrals from clinic staff, mailing opt-in or opt-out letters (depending on clinic preference) to patients identified through the electronic health record (EHR) with follow-up calls, and in-person contact with patients in clinic waiting rooms or at clinic and community events. We oversampled patients who are racial/ethnic minorities and those who have low SES in several ways. First, our goal was to recruit at least 200 participants from FQHCs which serve uninsured or underinsured patients.
Second, when recruiting from Vanderbilt clinics, we prioritized the recruitment of patients with public health insurance (eg, TennCare [Medicaid], Medicare) only and/or who were racial/ethnic minorities.
Eligible participants were at least 18 years of age, had a diagnosis of T2D (both self-reported and confirmed either in the EHR or by a provider), were currently prescribed a daily diabetes medication (oral, insulin, and/or noninsulin injectables) and responsible for taking their diabetes medications (ie, without assistance from a caregiver), owned a cell phone with text messaging capability, received care at one of the participating clinics, and could speak and read in English. We excluded participants whose most recent HbA1c value within 12 months was <6.8% to ensure room to lower HbA1c and detect intervention effects (ie, avoid floor effects). In addition, because participants assigned to FAMS receive phone coaching, we excluded patients who had auditory limitations or an inability to orally communicate, as determined by trained research assistants (RAs). Patients who failed a brief cognitive screener [41 (link)] were excluded to help ensure accuracy of the measures and data integrity.
Finally, because all participants receive and are asked to interact using text messages, we excluded patients who were unable to receive, read or send text messages after demonstration by an RA (some participants with visual limitations were able to text and were therefore enrolled). We did not exclude participants based on comorbidities.
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Publication 2018
Auditory Perception Cognition Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Health Insurance Injectables Insulin Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Primary Health Care Racial Minorities

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Publication 2018
Aftercare Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents As-A 2 Benzodiazepines Buprenex Buprenorphine Central Nervous System Stimulants Drug Overdose Drugs, Non-Prescription Injectables Mood Opioids Pain Pharmaceutical Preparations Prescription Drugs Psychotropic Drugs Relapse Transdermal Patch

Most recents protocols related to «Injectables»

We analyzed data from a 2-year cohort study done among AGYW. The study was conducted at the Good Health for Women Project (GHWP) clinic, which was established in 2008 in a periurban community in southern Kampala (23 (link)). The clinic provided free general healthcare that included HIV prevention and treatment services, reproductive healthcare, and free family planning methods, including injectables, implants, and combined oral contraceptives to eligible women.
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Publication 2023
Combined Oral Contraceptives Injectables Reproduction Woman
All procedures described below were approved by The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Western University. One male rhesus monkey (Monkey M, Macaca mulatta, 10 kg) was trained to perform a range of reaching tasks while seated in a robotic exoskeleton (NHP KINARM, Kingston, Ontario). As described previously 57 (link),58 (link), this robotic device allows movements of the shoulder and elbow joints in the horizontal plane and can independently apply torque at both joints. Visual cues and hand feedback were projected from an LCD monitor onto a semi-silvered mirror in the horizontal plane of the task and direct vision of the arm was blocked with a physical barrier.
An injectable Myomatrix array (Supplemental Fig. 1g) was inserted percutaneously as shown in Supplemental Figure 1i. Then, using his right arm, Monkey M performed a reaching task similar to previous work 57 (link). On each trial the monkey waited in a central target (located under the fingertip when the shoulder and elbow angles were 32° and 72°, respectively; size = 0.6 cm diameter) while countering a constant elbow load (−0.05 Nm). The monkey was presented with one of two peripheral goal targets (30/84° and 34/60° shoulder/elbow, 8cm diameter), and after a variable delay (1.2–2s) received one of two unpredictable elbow perturbations (±0.15Nm step-torque) which served as a go cue to reach to the goal target. At the time of perturbation onset, all visual feedback was frozen until the hand remained in the goal target for 800ms, after which a juice reward was given. On 10% of trials no perturbation was applied, and the monkey had to maintain the hand in the central target. In addition to Myomatrix injectables, we acquired bipolar electromyographic activity from nonhuman primates using intramuscular fine-wire electrodes in the biceps brachii long head as described previously 59 (link), recording in this instance from the same biceps muscle in the same animal from which we also collected Myomatrix data, although in a separate recording session. Fine-wire electrodes were spaced ~8 mm apart and aligned to the muscle fibers, and a reference electrode was inserted subcutaneously in the animal's back. Muscle activity was recorded at 2,000 Hz, zero-phase bandpass filtered (25–500 Hz, fourth order Butterworth) and full-wave rectified.
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Publication Preprint 2023
Animals Cardiac Arrest Freezing Head Injectables Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Joints Joints, Elbow Macaca mulatta Males Medical Devices Monkeys Movement Muscle Tissue Primates Robotic Exoskeleton Shoulder Torque Vision Visual Feedback
All procedures described below were approved by The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Western University. One male rhesus monkey (Monkey M, Macaca mulatta, 10 kg) was trained to perform a range of reaching tasks while seated in a robotic exoskeleton (NHP KINARM, Kingston, Ontario). As described previously (Pruszynski, Omrani, and Scott 2014 (link); Scott 1999 (link)), this robotic device allows movements of the shoulder and elbow joints in the horizontal plane and can independently apply torque at both joints. Visual cues and hand feedback were projected from an LCD monitor onto a semi-silvered mirror in the horizontal plane of the task and direct vision of the arm was blocked with a physical barrier.
An injectable Myomatrix array (Supplemental Fig. 1g) was inserted percutaneously as shown in Supplemental Figure 1i. Then, using his right arm, Monkey M performed a reaching task similar to previous work (Pruszynski, Omrani, and Scott 2014 (link)). On each trial the monkey waited in a central target (located under the fingertip when the shoulder and elbow angles were 32° and 72°, respectively; size = 0.6 cm diameter) while countering a constant elbow load (−0.05 Nm). The monkey was presented with one of two peripheral goal targets (30/84° and 34/60° shoulder/elbow, 8cm diameter), and after a variable delay (1.2–2s) received one of two unpredictable elbow perturbations (±0.15Nm step-torque) which served as a go cue to reach to the goal target. At the time of perturbation onset, all visual feedback was frozen until the hand remained in the goal target for 800ms, after which a juice reward was given. On 10% of trials no perturbation was applied, and the monkey had to maintain the hand in the central target. In addition to Myomatrix injectables, we acquired bipolar electromyographic activity from nonhuman primates using intramuscular fine-wire electrodes in the biceps brachii long head as described previously (Maeda, Kersten, and Pruszynski 2021 (link)), recording in this instance from the same biceps muscle in the same animal from which we also collected Myomatrix data, although in a separate recording session. Electrodes were spaced –8 mm apart and aligned to the muscle fibers, and a reference electrode was inserted subcutaneously in the animal’s back. Muscle activity was recorded at 2,000 Hz, zero-phase bandpass filtered (25–500 Hz, fourth order Butterworth) and full-wave rectified.
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Publication Preprint 2023
Animals Cardiac Arrest Freezing Head Injectables Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Joints Joints, Elbow Macaca mulatta Males Medical Devices Monkeys Movement Muscle Tissue Primates Robotic Exoskeleton Shoulder Torque Vision Visual Feedback
Six binary outcome variables were measured: (a) receipt of FP counseling from a community-based health worker who visited the household in the past 12 months; (b) obtaining the current contraceptive method from a community-based health worker (defined to include Momentum nursing students who were community-based distributors); (c) informed choice (i.e., whether the provider informed the FTM about all of the following: other FP methods that she could use, possible side effects or problems that she might have with the method, and what to do if she experienced any side effects or problems, i.e., the MII); (d) current use of implants; (e) current use of injectables; and (f) current use of LARCs vs. short-term modern contraceptive methods (female and male condoms, injectables, pills, Cycle Beads, and emergency contraception). As the analysis was based on users of modern contraceptive methods, women who reported not doing anything to prevent pregnancy and those using traditional methods (withdrawal and rhythm) were not included in the analysis. Secondary outcomes included the FTM's participation in decision making about her current contraceptive method and method satisfaction.
All treatment effect models controlled for baseline measures of age, marital status, years of schooling, ethnicity, parents' education, and weekly television viewing. For dose response, we used multiple measures of intervention exposure: level of exposure categorized as full (participation in both home visits and group education), partial (one of the two) and no exposure (neither); the number of home visits (none, 1–3, 4–6, 7+), the number of group education sessions (none, 1–2, 3–4, 5+), and the total number of exposures to Momentum, defined as the number of home visits plus the number of group education sessions (none, 1–3, 4–6, 7–9, and 10+).
Like the treatment effect models, the multivariable regression model of the choice of LARCs over short-term methods was restricted to women who were currently using a modern contraceptive method at the time of the endline survey. The regression controlled for level of exposure to Momentum interventions (none (comprising users in the comparison health zones as well as 45 users in the intervention health zones who were not exposed to any Momentum interventions), partial (either home visits or group education sessions), and full (both home visits and group education sessions)); receipt of counseling on FP and/or birth spacing during the prenatal period, which was measured at baseline and consisted of the following categories: none, FP or birth spacing, and both FP and birth spacing); being never married at baseline (yes vs. no); Bakongo ethnicity (yes vs. no); worked in the past 12 months at baseline (yes vs. no); awareness of LARCs (a binary variable indicating that the respondent had ever heard of IUDs and implants); and household wealth at baseline [low (reference group), medium, and high]. We also controlled for the FTM's perceived ability to say “no” to unwanted sex (yes vs. no) and to ask her husband/partner to use a condom if she wanted him to (yes vs. no); whether the pregnancy was unintended at baseline (yes vs. no); and age group (15–19 vs. 20–24).
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Publication 2023
Age Groups Awareness Community Health Workers Condoms Contraceptive Agents Contraceptive Methods Contraceptives, Oral Emergency Contraception Ethnicity Females Hearing Households Husband Injectables Intrauterine Devices Parent Pregnancy Satisfaction Students, Nursing Visit, Home Woman
Newly diagnosed patients were those who did not receive anti-TB treatment or those whose duration of treatment did not exceed one month.
Regarding drug resistance, the following WHO-recommended definitions of M. tuberculosis drug resistance types were used. Monoresistance is resistance to only one of the anti-TB drugs used. Polydrug resistance is resistance to two or more anti-TB drugs other than simultaneous resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is simultaneous resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin. Pre-extensive drug resistance (preXDR) is resistance to rifampicin with or without resistance to isoniazid, in combination with resistance to either a fluoroquinolone or any second-line injectable drug.
The WHO changed the definition of extensive drug resistance in 2020, which is now defined as a combination of MDR with resistance to fluoroquinolones and at least linezolid or bedaquiline [33 ]. For practical reasons, here we used the previous definition of XDR, i.e., combination of MDR with resistance to fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the three second-line injectables kanamycin, capreomycin, or amikacin.
The requirements of new clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis are planned to be implemented in medical organizations in Russia from the beginning of 2023.
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Publication 2023
Amikacin bedaquiline Capreomycin Diagnosis Fluoroquinolones Injectables Isoniazid Kanamycin Linezolid Multi-Drug Resistance Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Resistance, Drug Rifampin Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant

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More about "Injectables"

Injectables, also known as injections or parenteral formulations, refer to pharmaceutical preparations that are administered by injection, typically through the skin or into a muscle or vein.
These include a wide range of medications such as vaccines, anesthetics, hormones, and biologics.
Injectables offer advantages in terms of rapid absorption, precise dosing, and targeted delivery.
However, the administration of injectables requires specialized knowledge and techniques to ensure safety and efficacy.
Proper handling, storage, and administration protocols are critical to minimize risks and optimize therapeutic outcomes.
Researchers and clinicians must stay informed on the latest developments in injectable formulations, delivery systems, and best practices to provide the highest quality of care for their patients.
This includes understanding the use of various laboratory equipment and software, such as Thermomixer for temperature control, Stata 14 for statistical analysis, IX81 fluorescence microscope for imaging, Microsuite V software for microscopy data processing, Cy2 and Cy5 fluorescent dyes, Stata version 13 for data analysis, Adenosine as a potential injectable medication, CBL0137 as an investigational injectable compound, Acetonitrile as a common solvent for injectable formulations, and Stata/SE 15.1 for advanced statistical modeling.
By staying up-to-date on the latest advancements in injectables research and development, healthcare professionals can ensure that they are providing the most effective and safest treatments for their patients.
This comprehensive understanding of injectables, from formulation to administration, is crucial for delivering the highest quality of care and optimizing therapeutic outcomes.