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Propylthiouracil

Propylthiouracil is a thiouracil derivative with antithyroid properties.
It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, and thyroid storm.
Propylthiouracil inhibits the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to the more potent thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), thereby reducing the amount of active thyroid hormone in the body.
This medication may also have some direct effects on the thyroid gland itself.
Propylthiouracil is an important drug in the management of thyroid disorders and can help restore euthyroid stauts in patients with thyrotoxicosis.1

Most cited protocols related to «Propylthiouracil»

For smell testing, the two four-item versions (A and B) of the NHANES Pocket Smell Test (Sensonics International, Haddon Heights, New Jersey, USA), developed in conjunction with the NIH, were sequentially administered, resulting an eight-item ‘scratch and sniff’ test.23 (link) The eight odorants (chocolate, strawberry, smoke, leather, soap, grape, onion and natural gas) were presented in a fixed order. A participant was required, in a forced-choice situation, to identify each odorant from four alternative names. Smell impairment was defined as not being able to correctly identify six or more of the eight odours, each from a list of four possible responses.8 (link) A recent validation study demonstrated moderate-to-good test–retest reliability of the NHANES smell protocol (intraclass correlations were 0.82 and 0.69 for 2-week and 6-month intervals, respectively).23 (link) Of note, the eight odorants used in NHANES test are components of the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).24 (link) Our definition of smell impairment approximately corresponds to the definition of being unable to correctly identify 29 or more of the 40 odours using the UPSIT test (see online supplementary table S1).
The taste tests employed in this NHANES survey included a tongue tip taste test and a whole-mouth taste test. In the tongue tip test, the taste stimuli (0.32 mg/mL quinine (bitter) and 58.5 mg/mL NaCl (salty) in 10 mL solution) were presented on a cotton swab that was gently moved across the tip of the tongue in a standardised manner.23 (link) Participants were asked to identify the taste (salty, bitter, sour, something else, no taste) and rate the perceived intensity on the Generalised Labelled Magnitude Scale.25 (link) A 30 s interval was interspersed between stimulus presentations, during which time participants rinsed their mouths with water. In the whole-mouth taste test, participants swished 10 mL of each tastant solution (19.5 mg/mL NaCl, 58.5 mg/mL NaCl or 0.32 mg/mL quinine) for 3 s, expectorated and rinsed their mouths with water. The participants then were asked to identify the taste quality and rate the solution's intensity on a standardised scale. As a replication test, another whole-mouth taste test for salt was performed at the end of the chemosensory test. The participants were randomised to receive either a 0.32 M NaCl or a 1 M NaCl salt solution.
A recent test–retest reliability and validity examination of NHANES taste test protocol demonstrated a reasonable correlation between quinine whole-mouth measurement (0.32 mg/mL) and other taste measurements, including tongue tip tests of NaCl (r=0.53) and quinine (r=0.44), and whole-mouth tests of NaCl (r=0.60 for 19.5 mg/mL NaCl and 0.77 for 58.5 mg/mL NaCl), sucrose, citric acid and propylthiouracil, suggesting that the whole-mouth quinine assessment was a reasonable assessment for overall taste functioning.23 (link) Thus, in our study, instead of intensity ratings, failing to correctly identify quinine in the whole-mouth test was used to define taste dysfunction. In sensitivity analyses, we defined taste impairment as failing to correctly identify quinine (tongue tip and whole-mouth test) or NaCl (tongue tip and whole-mouth test).
Publication 2016
Allium cepa Cacao Citric Acid DNA Replication Gossypium Grapes Hypersensitivity Odorants Odors Oral Cavity Propylthiouracil Quinine Sense of Smell Smoke Sodium Chloride Strawberries Sucrose Taste Taste Dysfunction Tongue
A generalized labeled magnitude scale (gLMS) was used to quantify the perceived taste intensity of filter paper disks (Figure 1A).5 (link) Disk were impregnated with 1.0 M sodium chloride (salt), 1.8 M sucrose (sweet); 0.1M citric acid (sour), 0.001M quinine (bitter), and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). Whatman #1 filter paper was soaked in room-temperature solutions of sodium chloride, sucrose, citric acid, and quinine and dried; disk diameters were 3 cm. Filter paper was soaked in a saturated solution of PROP near boiling and dried. Each paper disk contained 1.2–1.6 mg PROP. These disks were produced in the laboratory of one author (LMB) and shipped to Wisconsin in individual glassine envelopes, color-coded by tastants, in plastic zippered bags to guard against moisture.
Participants were asked to rank intensities using a scale that ranged from no sensation to strongest imaginable sensation of any kind (with a corresponding scale of 0–100 representing the distance from “no sensation”). To familiarize participants with the scale, they were asked to rate the intensity of the sound of the loudest thunder clap s/he can remember, a purring cat held in her/his lap, and a lawnmower across the street. Participants rank ordering them correctly (thunder>lawnmower>cat) proceeded on with the training while subjects who failed to order the intensities correctly were reinstructed. If the participants failed to rank order the intensities correctly the second time, they did not proceed with the training. Participants successfully mastering the scale (the rank order was correct), were asked to rate the intensity of the sound of snow falling on a calm night, the loudest sound imaginable, and the most intense sensation of any kind s/he could imagine. If the sound of snow was rated lower than the loudest sound imaginable then the participant was considered to have learned to use the scale and continued on; participants failing to rank snow lower than the loudest sound, failed to learn the scale and stopped.
After mastering the scale the participant was asked to rate the intensity of the brightness of the room, brightness of a dimly lit restaurant, brightest light s/he had ever seen, loudness of a whisper, loudness of a conversation, and loudest sound s/he had ever heard. Then, participants were given each filter paper disks to taste in the same order (salt, sweet, sour, bitter, PROP). For each disk, the participant was asked to report the taste quality (salt, sweet, sour, bitter, no taste, other, or unknown) and then rate the intensity of the taste using the gLMS. Between disks the participant was encouraged to sip room temperature bottled water. After tasting the PROP disk, the participant was offered a quick dissolving peppermint to mask any residual taste. Subjects who reported being pregnant or sensitive to PROP were not eligible to receive the taste disks.
Publication 2008
ARID1A protein, human Citric Acid Hearing Light Mentha piperita Propylthiouracil Quinine Saline Solution Snow Sodium Chloride Sound Strains Sucrose Vision
Zebrafish larvae of the BACmpx::GFP and lysC::DsRED2 strains were grown in E3 medium in groups of 40-50 larvae per 10-cm Petri dish until 56 hpf. Only those larvae that spontaneously hatched were used for the assays as artificial enzymatic dechorionation often damages neuromasts, causing spontaneous inflammation. Any fish that appeared developmentally delayed or otherwise abnormal were also excluded from further analysis.
Selected larvae were transferred to six-well plates (M8562; Sigma) in a volume of 6 ml of E3 solution lacking methylene blue, and 15 larvae were added per well. Stock solutions of CuSO4 were added directly to the wells, and incubation was carried out for 40 minutes at 28°C. Larvae were then fixed by transferring them to 1.5-ml microfuge tubes and replacing the E3 medium with 4% paraformaldehyde prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubating for 1 hour at room temperature. During fixation and subsequent handling, the tubes were kept in the dark to avoid bleaching or fading of the fluorescent protein signal. After fixation, larvae were washed three times for 5 minutes each in PBS-Tween20 with gentle agitation. Examination of fluorescent cells and counting was carried out within the next 48 hours after fixation using a Leica (Wetzlar, Germany) MZ-12 fluorescent stereoscope. Labeled cells were counted under fluorescent illumination within 10 cell diameters of the horizontal myoseptum between the first somite and the end of the tail (see Figure 2) on one side of each larva. All experiments were carried out with a minimum of 15 larvae for each condition, and counts were carried out by two observers. For neomycin treatments, BACmpx::GFP fish were incubated in the indicated concentration of antibiotic for 1 hour, and cell counts were done as before. In these experiments, we used 96-hpf fish, as neomycin kills only mature hair cells in lateral line neuromasts. We confirmed cell death in these fish by using hair cell-specific markers.
For Sudan Black staining, we used fish of the casper mutant strain [34 (link)], which lack pigmentation in the body. Larvae at 56 hpf were incubated as before (no metal and 10 mM CuSO4), fixed, washed and incubated for 20 minutes in 0.5 ml of Sudan Black staining reagent in batches of 30 larvae. Larvae were then washed three times in 70% ethanol at room temperature with mild rocking. Labeled cells were counted as before under bright-field illumination under a dissecting stereoscope. The was mutant fish were kept in E3 supplemented with propylthiouracil (from 24 hpf until fixation) to suppress pigmentation. The was+/- fish were mated with was-/- fish. Entire clutches were scored prior to genotyping, which was carried out as described previously [7 (link)]. AB zebrafish were used as wild-type controls.
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Publication 2010
Antibiotics Auditory Hair Cell Biological Assay Cell Death Cells Enzymes Ethanol Fishes Human Body Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Inflammation Larva Light Metals Methylene Blue Neomycin paraform Phosphates Pigmentation Propylthiouracil Proteins Saline Solution Somites Strains Tail Tween 20 Zebrafish
The Penn Heart Failure Study is a prospective cohort study of ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure recruited between October 2003 and November 2011 from referral centers at the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, Ohio), and the University of Wisconsin (Madison, Wisconsin).10 (link) Patients with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure as determined by a heart failure specialist were enrolled. At the time of study entry, standardized questionnaires were administered to participants and their physicians to obtain detailed clinical data as previously described.10 (link) New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and cardiomyopathy etiology (ischemic versus non-ischemic) were determined by the physician based on all available clinical data. Participants with expected mortality of 6 months or less from a non-cardiac condition, as judged by their treating physician; a history of mechanical support with a ventricular assist device (VAD); or inability to provide informed consent were excluded. Each participant provided written informed consent. Institutional Review Boards from each participating institution approved the study protocol. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Due to the large number of participants treated with amiodarone, levothyroxine, and beta-adrenergic blocking agents at study entry, participants taking these medications were included in the present analyses. Small numbers of participants were taking other medications that could interfere with thyroid function tests—liothyronine (n=6), thyroid hormone extract (n=1), methimazole or propylthiouracil (n=14), lithium (n=4), or chronic intravenous dobutamine (n=7)—and were excluded.
Publication 2018
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Amiodarone Artificial Ventricle Cardiomyopathies Diagnosis Dobutamine Ethics Committees, Research Heart Heart Diseases Heart Failure Liothyronine Lithium Methimazole Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Propylthiouracil Thyroid Function Tests Thyroid Hormones Thyroxine
Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200-220 g were obtained from Experimental Animal Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China. The study was approved by Ethic Committee of Shantou University. Totally 50 rats were used in current study and after 1 week’s accommodation were evenly and randomly divided into 5 groups. Ten rats given normal diet were served as sham group, and the other 40 rats were given a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet as described by previous study with mild modification (cholesterol 4%, cholic acid 0.4%, propylthiouracilum 0.3% and lard 10%) for 6 weeks for hyperlipidemic model production [25 (link)]. Subsequently, the 40 hyperlipidemic rats were randomly and evenly assigned into 4 groups as follow: control group was orally given normal saline, statins group orally given atorvastatin (10 mg/kg body weight/day, reconstituted in normal saline), colchicine group intraperitoneally injected colchicine (0.5 mg/kg body weight/day, dissolved in 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), and combined group given atorvastatin and colchicine as described above. Total intervention duration was 2 weeks.
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Publication 2014
Animals, Laboratory Atorvastatin Body Weight Cholesterol Cholic Acid Colchicine Ethics Committees Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Hypercholesterolemia lard Males Normal Saline Ocular Accommodation Propylthiouracil Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Therapy, Diet

Most recents protocols related to «Propylthiouracil»

This study was designed as a multicenter retrospective study comprising 180,582 adults from 5 health check-up centers from 2010 to 2018. All individuals had access to serum FT3, FT4, and TSH concentrations, as well as MAFLD diagnosis. Moreover, there were 3 centers in the north of China and 2 in the south of China. Participants who 1) had previously been diagnosed with liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, or had a history of liver surgery (N=227); 2) had the administration of drugs influencing serum TH levels, such as methimazole, propylthiouracil, levothyroxine, and amiodarone (N=24); 3) had a severe medical illness, such as acute infection, acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, severe kidney diseases, and malignancy (N=2791) were excluded. Finally, 177540 adults were enrolled in our multicentered retrospective study. The flow chart of participant selection is shown in Figure 1A.
This study was approved by the ethical review committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and followed by acceptance by the ethics center in each collaborating hospital. The ethics committees granted a waiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent for just analyzing existing data after anonymization without individual identification.
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Publication 2023
Acute Coronary Syndrome Adult Amiodarone Cancer of Liver Cerebrovascular Accident Congestive Heart Failure Ethical Review Ethics Committees Infection Kidney Diseases Liver Liver Cirrhosis Malignant Neoplasms Methimazole Operative Surgical Procedures Propylthiouracil Serum Thyroxine
Twenty healthy adult male Wistar rats (about 8 weeks of age) were used in this study. All rats were randomly divided into two groups and housed two per cage. Animals were raised at a room temperature of 22 ± 1 °C and a humidity of 50–60% with regular light–dark cycles (lights on at 8 AM and off at 8 PM).
During the experimental period, rats in the hypothyroid group (HYPO group) were supplied on ad libitum access to 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) dissolved in water for 5 weeks, and the same amount of water was provided to the control rats (CON group). PTU is an antithyroid drug that inhibits T4 deiodination in peripheral tissues. The dose of PTU was chosen according to several literature data which showed a significant reduction in serum T3 level and lowering of cellular thyroid hormone activity in both cerebral and peripheral tissues after 5 weeks of 0.05% PTU treatment [27 (link)]. All rats received the same amount of laboratory food. All animals were acclimatized to the experimental environment for more than one week prior to the test.
The behavioral experiment was conducted in the following order for 4 consecutive days: OFT(1 day)-FST(2 days)-TST(1 day), This arrangement follows previous research. Such an arrangement can minimize the impact on the results caused by sequence problems. After PET scanning of all rats, euthanasia will be carried out.
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Publication 2023
Adult Animals Antithyroid Agents Cardiac Arrest Cells Euthanasia Fever Food Humidity Hypothyroidism Light Males Propylthiouracil Rats, Wistar Rattus norvegicus Serum Thyroid Hormones Tissues
All experiments were conducted with prior approval from the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA’s) Institutional Animal Care and Usage Committee and were carried out in an Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care approved facility. N=16 timed pregnant Long Evans rats were purchased from Charles River (Morrisville, NC) and delivered on gestational day (GD) 2; sperm positive was considered GD0 and pup birth postnatal day 0 (PN0). Dams were single housed in polycarbonate cages, maintained a 12:12 light cycle and offered chow (Purina 5008) and deionized water ad libitum. Animals were weight ranked and then randomly allocated to two treatment groups. N=8 dams were exposed to 3 ppm (0.0003%) 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU, purity ≥98%, Sigma) dissolved in deionized drinking water; N=8 control dams were administered vehicle only (deionized drinking water). The maternal exposure was initiated on GD6 and continued through PN14. This PTU exposure was not expected to induce overt toxicity in dams, but was sufficient to induce a periventricular heterotopia in their offspring (3 (link)). N=8 controls and N=7 PTU exposed dams gave birth.
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Publication 2023
Animals Animals, Laboratory Birth Maternal Exposure Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia polycarbonate Pregnancy Propylthiouracil Rats, Long-Evans Rivers Sperm
The outcome for prediction in this study was the occurrence of AITD, which was defined by a thyroid function test and with diagnostic criteria from previous studies [6 (link),22 (link),26 (link),45 (link)]. Cases of AITD were identified if the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) titer was <0.1 mU/l and the free thyroxin (fT4) level was higher than the normal range, while cases of amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism were ascertained by a serum TSH titer of >10 mU/l, regardless of the fT4 level; a TSH titer of 4 to 10 mU/l with a lower than normal fT4 level; an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code 242, 243, or 244 or an ICD-10 code E02, E03, E05, or E06; having received pharmacotherapy (eg, levothyroxine; Propylthiouracil, carbimazole, or methimazole) for thyroid disease; or an ICD-9 procedure code for a thyroidectomy. As TSH and fT4 are definite diagnostic criteria for AITD, the last data values before the prediction point were masked to avoid data leakage in the test set. Once a patient developed AITD, the data at that time point were coded 1, and it was designated the earliest AITD onset date.
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Publication 2023
Amiodarone Carbimazole Diagnosis Hypothyroidism Methimazole Patients Pharmacotherapy Prognosis Propylthiouracil Serum Thyroid Diseases Thyroidectomy Thyroid Function Tests Thyrotropin Thyroxine
This is an observational, prospective study performed at the Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis Therapy of the Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute in Warsaw.
The study included forty-eight male patients aged between 41 and 84 years: 31 on hemodialysis (HD) and 17 on peritoneal dialysis (PD). We received written informed consent from all patients participating in the study.
We included adult male patients with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
We excluded patients with a dialysis vintage less than 3 months, active malignancy, hormone supplementation for endocrine diseases (including androgen supplementation, levothyroxine replacement, treatment with corticosteroids, thiamazole, or propylthiouracil) and severe clinical condition including the active inflammatory state and severe liver disease.
The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Military Institute of Medicine Bioethics Committee (approval number 50/WIM/2016). The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
At the beginning of the study, the demographic characteristics and medical history were collected from each participant. The concentrations of TSH, fT3, fT4 and the total testosterone were measured in the serum. The laboratory parameters were measured at the study entry and after the 12-month follow up.
Blood samples were collected between 7.00– and 11.00 and analyzed immediately after collection.
All laboratory measurements were performed by the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics of the Military Institute of Medicine–National Research Institute, Warsaw.
Serum TSH (normal range: 0.27–4.2 uIU/l), fT3 (normal range: 3.2–6.9 pmol/l), fT4 (normal range: 12–22 pmol/l), and total testosterone (normal range: 2.8–8.2 ng/mL) were determined by the electrochemiluminescence method (Roche Elecsys analyzer, Mannheim, Germany).
Low-T3 syndrome was considered if the serum fT3 level was below the reference range, the TSH level was within the normal range, and the fT4 level was normal or low [43 (link)].
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) included heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart infarct, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and significant peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs.
After reviewing the available medical information, all-cause mortality as well as the date and cause of death were summarized. Cardiovascular (CV) death was determined as death caused by sudden cardiac death, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs [8 (link)].
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Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Adult Androgens BLOOD Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Cerebral Hemorrhage Cerebrovascular Accident Congestive Heart Failure Coronary Arteriosclerosis Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosis Dialysis Endocrine System Diseases Hemodialysis Hormones Inflammation Kidney Failure, Chronic Liver Diseases Lower Extremity Low T3 Syndrome Males Malignant Neoplasms Methimazole Military Personnel Myocardial Infarction Patients Peripheral Arterial Diseases Peritoneal Dialysis Propylthiouracil Serum Stroke, Ischemic Sudden Cardiac Death Testosterone Thyroxine Training Programs

Top products related to «Propylthiouracil»

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6-propyl-2-thiouracil is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It functions as an inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis.
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Propylthiouracil is a laboratory reagent used in various research and analytical applications. It is a thiouracilic compound that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The core function of Propylthiouracil is to serve as a tool for studying thyroid physiology and pathology in laboratory settings.
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The TD.95125 is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Inotiv. It is a precision instrument designed for scientific research and analysis. The core function of the TD.95125 is to perform specific tasks within a controlled laboratory environment. However, a detailed description of its intended use or capabilities cannot be provided while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach.
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Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a laboratory chemical used in various research applications. It functions as a thyroid inhibitor, interfering with the production of thyroid hormones. PTU is commonly utilized in studies related to thyroid function and disorders.
Sourced in Australia
6-n-Propylthiouracil is a chemical compound used in laboratory research. It functions as a thyroid peroxidase inhibitor, which plays a role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The core function of this product is to inhibit thyroid peroxidase activity, without further interpretation of its intended use.
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Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant compound that can be extracted and purified for use in various laboratory applications. It functions as a central nervous system stimulant, inhibiting the action of adenosine receptors in the brain.
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
P3755 is a laboratory equipment product offered by Merck Group. It is designed for general laboratory use, providing a reliable and functional solution for various experimental and research applications. The core function of P3755 is to [CORE FUNCTION DESCRIPTION]. No further details or interpretations about the intended use of this product can be provided in an unbiased and factual manner.
Sourced in United States
6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It is a thiouracil derivative with a propyl group at the 6-position. PTU functions as an antithyroid agent, inhibiting the synthesis of thyroid hormones. This product is utilized in research and development applications where the study of thyroid function and regulation is required.
The TD.97350 is a laboratory equipment product. It is designed for general laboratory use. The core function of the TD.97350 is to perform standardized tasks as required in a laboratory setting.

More about "Propylthiouracil"

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a thiouracil derivative with antithyroid properties, commonly used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, and thyroid storm.
It works by inhibiting the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) to the more potent triiodothyronine (T3), thereby reducing the amount of active thyroid hormone in the body.
This medication may also have direct effects on the thyroid gland itself.
Propylthiouracil, also known as 6-n-propylthiouracil or 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), is an important drug in the management of thyroid disorders.
It can help restore euthyroid status in patients with thyrotoxicosis, a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland.
Other related terms and abbreviations include TD.95125, TD.97350, and P3755.
Caffeine and bovine serum albumin may also be used in conjunction with Propylthiouracil in certain research or clinical applications.
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