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Tranquilizing Agents

Tranquilizing agents are a class of pharmaceutical agents that induce a state of calm, relaxation, and reduced anxiety or tension.
These agents work by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as GABA and serotonin, to produce a sedative effect.
Tranquilizing agents are commonly used to manage a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders, insomnia, and agitation associated with certain medical or psychiatric conditions.
They may also be used as pre-medication for medical procedures or as adjuncts to anesthesia.
When selecting a tranquilizing agent, it is important to consider factors such as the desired level of sedation, the patient's medical history, and the potential for side effects.
Proper dosing and monitoring are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of tranquilizing agents.
Researchers and clinicians can utilize PubCompare.ai to identify the most reproducible and accurate protocols for evaluating the efficacy and safety of tranquilizing agents, ensuring their research is efficient and reliable.

Most cited protocols related to «Tranquilizing Agents»

Diagnostic Assessment of DSM-5 Disorders

Cited 77 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

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Publication 2014

Agoraphobia Alcohol Use Disorder Anxiety Disorders Cannabis Central Nervous System Stimulants Club Drugs Cocaine Conduct Disorder Diagnosis Disorder, Depressive Drug Use Disorders Dysthymic Disorder Hallucinogens Heroin Inhalation Drug Administration Manic Episode Mood Disorders Opioids Panic Disorder Pharmaceutical Preparations Phobia, Social Phobia, Specific Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Sedatives Solvents Tobacco Products Tobacco Use Disorder Tranquilizing Agents

Measuring Medication Load in Bipolar Disorder

Cited 24 times

We have developed a strategy for measuring total medication load in bipolar individuals by coding the dose of each antidepressant, mood stabilizer, antipsychotic and anxiolytic medication as absent = 0, low = 1, or high = 2. For antidepressants and mood stabilizers, we converted each medication into low- or high-dose groupings using a previously employed approach (35 (link), 51 , 52 (link)). Individuals on Levels 1 and 2 of these criteria were coded as low dose, those with Levels 3 and 4 as high dose. We added a no-dose subtype for those not taking these medications. We converted antipsychotic doses into chlorpromazine dose equivalents, and coded as 0, 1, or 2, for no medication, chlorpromazine equivalents dose equal or below, or above the mean effective daily dose (ED₅₀) of chlorpromazine as defined by Davis and Chen (53 (link)). Lorazepam dose was similarly coded as, 0, 1 or 2, with reference to the midpoint of the Physician's Desk Reference-recommended daily dose range. We generated a composite measure of total medication load, reflecting dose and variety of different medications taken, by summing all individual medication codes for each medication category for each individual bipolar participant. We used Spearman rank correlational analyses to examine associations between total medication load and magnitude of BOLD signal change in a-priori neural regions showing significant group-by-condition interactions and/or a significant main effect of group.
To examine potential effects of illness duration, age of illness onset and current (subthreshold) depression severity, we conducted post hoc correlational analyses between these variables and BOLD signal change in a-priori neural regions (i.e., subcortical limbic regions, including amygdala and striatum, and DLPFC). Since 11 out of 19 patients had multiple comorbid diagnoses, and seven of these had comorbid anxiety disorders, we additionally compared BOLD signal change in our a-priori neural regions of interest in bipolar individuals with comorbid diagnoses versus those without any such diagnoses.
For the above analyses, we used an adjusted statistical threshold of p = 0.05/(number of comparisons plus number of regions examined) to allow for multiple between-group comparisons.

Hassel S., Almeida J.R., Kerr N., Nau S., Ladouceur C.D., Fissell K., Kupfer D.J, & Phillips M.L. (2008). Elevated striatal and decreased dorsolateral prefrontal cortical activity in response to emotional stimuli in euthymic bipolar disorder: no associations with psychotropic medication load. Bipolar disorders, 10(8), 916-927.

Publication 2008

Amygdaloid Body Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Anxiety Disorders Chlorpromazine Diagnosis Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Lorazepam Mood Nervousness Outpatients Pharmaceutical Preparations Striatum, Corpus Tranquilizing Agents

Longitudinal Bipolar Disorder Phenotyping

Cited 22 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

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Publication 2009

Affective Symptoms Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Aripiprazole Attention Auditory Perception Barakat syndrome Biopharmaceuticals Bipolar Disorder BLOOD Bupropion Central Nervous System Stimulants Clonazepam Cognition Depression, Bipolar Diagnosis Divalproex Sodium Emotions Face factor A Factor VIII Fingers Genes, vif Hospitalization Inpatient Lamotrigine Lithium Mania Manic Episode Memory Mood Neuropsychological Tests Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Psychological Inhibition Psychotic Disorders Quetiapine Risperidone Schizoaffective Disorder Sedatives Stroop Test Tests, Diagnostic Thyroid Gland Thyroxine Tranquilizing Agents VP-P protocol

Diagnostic Criteria for Drug Use Disorders

Cited 17 times

Drug use disorders included sedative/tranquilizer, cannabis, amphetamine, cocaine, nonheroin opioid, heroin, hallucinogen, club drug (eg, ecstasy, ketamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine), and solvent/inhalant use disorders. Drug-specific diagnoses were aggregated to yield any past-year (PY) and any lifetime DUD. Consistent with DSM-5, lifetime DUD diagnoses required 2 or more of 11 criteria arising from use of the same substance in PY or prior to the past year (PPY). The PPY diagnoses required clustering of 2 or more criteria for the same drug in the same year. Also consistent with DSM-5, AUDADIS-5 DUD diagnoses were classified as mild (2–3 criteria), moderate (4–5 criteria), or severe (≥6 criteria) based on the highest-severity substance-specific DUD with which a respondent was diagnosed as having during the time frame of interest. In this report, moderate and severe cases of DSM-5 DUD were combined to increase precision of the prevalence estimates and associations with other variables.
Test-retest reliability of DSM-5–specific DUD diagnoses (κ = 0.40–0.54) was fair, and of the associated dimensional criteria scales (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.45–0.84) was fair to excellent in a large general population sample.^{30 (link)} Procedural validity was assessed using the semi-structured, clinician-administered Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders, DSM-5 version (PRISM-5)³¹ in a large general population sample. Concordances between AUDADIS-5 and PRISM-5 DUD diagnoses were generally fair to good (κ = 0.40–0.66) except for PPY hallucinogens and stimulants (κ = 0.39–0.35); concordances between their dimensional criteria scales were excellent (ICC > 0.68 except for PY sedatives and stimulants [ICC, 0.38 and 0.44, respectively]).^{32 (link)}

Grant B.F., Saha T.D., Ruan W.J., Goldstein R.B., Chou S.P., Jung J., Zhang H., Smith S.M., Pickering R.P., Huang B, & Hasin D.S. (2016). Epidemiology of DSM-5 Drug Use Disorder: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III. JAMA psychiatry, 73(1), 39-47.

Publication 2016

Amphetamines Cannabis Central Nervous System Stimulants Club Drugs Cocaine Diagnosis Drug Use Disorders Hallucinogens Heroin Inhalation Drug Administration Ketamine MDMA Mental Disorders Methamphetamine Opioids Pharmaceutical Preparations prisma Reading Frames Sedatives Solvents Substance Use Tranquilizing Agents

Reliability of the AUDADIS-5 Psychiatric Assessment

Cited 17 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

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Publication 2014

Agoraphobia Anxiety Disorders Arousal Club Drugs Cocaine Cognition Conduct Disorder Diagnosis Ethanol Hallucinogens Heroin inecalcitol Inhalation Drug Administration Interviewers Manic Episode Mental Disorders Mood Mood Disorders neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Pharmaceutical Preparations Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Reading Frames Sedatives Solvents Substance Use Substance Use Disorders Tranquilizing Agents

Most recents protocols related to «Tranquilizing Agents»

Anesthesia and Vital Sign Monitoring in Pigs

To begin, sedative drugs were delivered through an intramuscular injection of Sumianxin (0.2ml/kg) and 3% phenobarbital (1ml/kg). It took about 5-10 minutes for the pig to fall asleep. The vein channel was established through the ear vein, and the intravenous indwelling needle was inserted. 8-10ml of general anesthesia drug was injected (propofol injection, 2mg/kg, Fentanyl citrate injection, 2ug/kg, Rocuronium injection, 1mg/kg). Endotracheal intubation was performed with an insertion depth of about 28cm. After successful intubation, a ventilator was connected, and anesthetics were given continuously. The vital signs such as respiration, heart rate, and electrocardiogram were observed.

Zhang C., Feng J., Liu Y., Zhang Y., Song W., Ma Y., Han X, & Wang G. (2023). Direct and indirect damage zone of radiofrequency ablation in porcine lumbar vertebra. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1138837.

Publication 2023

Anesthetics Anesthetics, General Cell Respiration Electrocardiography Fentanyl Citrate Intramuscular Injection Intubation Intubation, Intratracheal Needles Phenobarbital Propofol Rate, Heart Rocuronium Signs, Vital Tranquilizing Agents Veins

Comprehensive Assessment of Illicit PDPM Market

Table 2 provides an overview of the outcomes assessed across the three studies. Study 1 will involve describing trends in the drug supply market of illicit PDPM using law enforcement drug seizure and detention data. Consistent with the EMCDDA, we will report on the number of drug seizures, allowing for comparison with other European countries.18 Number of seizures represents the best indicator of trends for the illicit supply of drugs, as quantities seized is vulnerable to variation from large individual seizures.20 This study will also include two repeated cross-sectional studies of prescribed medications dispensed to people (1) eligible for the GMS in the community and (2) in prison during the observation period. Monthly prevalence rates for PDPM (individual drugs) per 10 000 GMS eligible population and per 10 000 prison population (drug class and individual drugs) will be presented with 95% CIs. Median and IQRs of monthly prevalence rates and quantity dispensed will be reported overall, and by gender and age group.
Study 2 will report on patterns of use of PDPM, using anonymised individual level data from the three national drug and alcohol surveys. The weighted prevalence of past-year sedative and tranquiliser use, and opioid use (excluding heroin) will be calculated for each survey year, with 95% CIs. Estimates of self-reported use will be reported by age, gender and geographical locations. Sampling weights will be used in all analyses. These weights adjust estimates for excluded populations and survey nonresponse.21
Annual detection rates for PDPM in MBRS data will be calculated as the number of positive screenings per 1000 tests, and per 10 000 licenced drivers. Similarly, annual detection rates postmortem will be calculated per 1000 postmortem cases (by drug class, and where possible by individual drug). Detection rates among people attending the NDTC will be calculated as the number of people with at least one positive screening (by drug class) per 1000 adults attending the NDTC.
Study 3 will provide detail on the health burden associated with the use of PDPM. Using anonymised individual level data from the NDRDI, annual standardised drug-poisoning death rates involving PDPM will be calculated per 10 000 population. Standardised mortality rates for each year of the study period will be calculated per 10 000 population, standardised to the European Standard Population. Anonymised data from the National Self-Harm Registry will be used to calculate annual rates of intentional non-fatal overdose presentations involving PDPM (alone and in combination with other drugs and/or alcohol) per 10 000 population, per 1000 self-harm presentations, and per 1000 intentional drug overdose presentations between 2010 and 2020. Finally, using anonymised records from the NDTRS, we will calculate annual prevalence rates of treatment demand for problem drug use involving PDPM (alone and in combination with other problem drugs) per 10 000 population, and per total number of cases seeking treatment from 2010 to 2020.

Cousins G., Durand L., O’Kane A., Tierney J., Maguire R., Stokes S., O’Reilly D., Arensman E., Bennett K.E., Vázquez M.O., Corcoran P., Lyons S., Kavanagh Y, & Keenan E. (2023). Prescription drugs with potential for misuse: protocol for a multi-indicator analysis of supply, detection and the associated health burden in Ireland between 2010 and 2020. BMJ Open, 13(3), e069665.

Publication 2023

Adult Age Groups Autopsy Drug Overdose Ethanol Europeans Heroin Illicit Drugs Opioids Pharmaceutical Preparations Sedatives Seizures Tranquilizing Agents

Randomised Comparative Study of DEX vs. Midazolam for Below-Knee Orthopaedic Surgeries

In this prospective study, patients presented to our institution with below-knee fractures and were hospitalised for below-knee orthopaedic surgeries. Using a computer-generated randomisation schedule, the patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the DEX or midazolam (MID) group according to the allocation sequence.
The inclusion criteria of the study were as follows: (1) patients undergoing below-knee orthopaedic surgeries and internal fixation under PNB anaesthesia, (2) aged 18–80 years, (3) classified using ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade I–IV, (4) having a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5–35 kg m⁻²and (5) underwent surgeries that lasted for < 3 h.
The study excluded patients (1) with a history of chronic use of alcohol, opioids or other sedative drugs; (2) with a history of allergy to any medications used in this study; (3) with severe arrhythmia; (4) who underwent PNB that was ineffective; (5) with preoperative systolic blood pressure (SBP) of < 85 mmHg; (6) with a preoperative heart rate (HR) of < 45 bpm; (7) with Alzheimer’s disease; (8) with epilepsy; (9) diagnosed with mental illness or other autonomic nervous system disorders that may affect electroencephalogram (EEG) findings and (10) underwent surgeries that lasted for > 3 h.

Wang X., Zhang S., Wang C., Huang Y., Wu H., Zhao G, & Wang T. (2023). Real-time evaluation of the independent analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine. BMC Anesthesiology, 23, 68.

Publication 2023

Anesthesia Anesthesiologist Autonomic Nervous System Disorders Cardiac Arrhythmia Electroencephalography Epilepsy Fracture Fixation, Internal Hypersensitivity Index, Body Mass Knee Knee Fractures Mental Disorders Midazolam Operative Surgical Procedures Opioids Orthopedic Rehabilitation Surgery Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Rate, Heart Systolic Pressure Tranquilizing Agents

Coercive Measures in Psychiatric Care

The coercive measures [36 ] which were included in the analysis and referred to as “coercion” in this article were:
Seclusion: Locking the patient in a single room with surveillance through a window with an interval of 15 min [19 (link)].
Mechanical restraint: Strapping the patient to a bed with mechanical devices (belts). At the present psychiatric institution, bed belts with 5-point restraints (arms, legs, and torso) or less are used if necessary. This measure is always continuously accompanied by HCP [19 (link)].
Forced medication: Applying medication (typically tranquilizers or antipsychotics) against the patients will orally or as an intramuscular injection [19 (link)].

Müller M., Brackmann N., Jäger M., Theodoridou A., Vetter S., Seifritz E, & Hotzy F. (2023). Predicting coercion during the course of psychiatric hospitalizations. European Psychiatry, 66(1), e22.

Publication 2023

Antipsychotic Agents Arm, Upper Intramuscular Injection Leg Medical Devices Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Torso Tranquilizing Agents

Establishing Baseline for NSDUH/US Census

We established the baseline for the NSDUH/US Census based on Table 12.1A (age) and Table 12.2A (gender and race) in the 2019 NSDUH. We calculated the gender, age, and race proportion through the estimated “Numbers in Thousands.” For age, we used the “Total (2019)” column. For the age and gender, we used the “Age 12+ (2019)” column. For the gender and race for people who report NPMU, we again used the “Age 12+ (2019)” column on Table 1.47A (stimulants), Table 1.53A (tranquilizers), and table 1.44A (pain relievers). For age, we used the “Misuse in the past Year (2019)” column on Table 1.14A (stimulants), Table 1.16A (tranquilizers), and Table 1.13A (pain relievers).

Yang Y.C., Al-Garadi M.A., Love J.S., Cooper H.L., Perrone J, & Sarker A. (2023). Can accurate demographic information about people who use prescription medications nonmedically be derived from Twitter?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(8), e2207391120.

Publication 2023

Analgesics Central Nervous System Stimulants Tranquilizing Agents

Top products related to «Tranquilizing Agents»

Rompun by Bayer

Sourced in Germany, France, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Brazil, Belgium, Cameroon, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Ireland, Sweden, Portugal, Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, New Zealand

Rompun is a veterinary drug used as a sedative and analgesic for animals. It contains the active ingredient xylazine hydrochloride. Rompun is designed to induce a state of sedation and pain relief in animals during medical procedures or transportation.

Stata 15 by StataCorp

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Austria, Denmark

Stata 15 is a comprehensive, integrated statistical software package that provides a wide range of tools for data analysis, management, and visualization. It is designed to facilitate efficient and effective statistical analysis, catering to the needs of researchers, analysts, and professionals across various fields.

Stata 13 by StataCorp

Sourced in United States, Denmark, United Kingdom, Austria, Sweden

Stata 13 is a comprehensive, integrated statistical software package developed by StataCorp. It provides a wide range of data management, statistical analysis, and graphical capabilities. Stata 13 is designed to handle complex data structures and offers a variety of statistical methods for researchers and analysts.

Diazepam dzp by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Belgium

Diazepam (DZP) is a benzodiazepine compound commonly used as a sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant. It is a white, crystalline substance that is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in organic solvents. Diazepam acts on the central nervous system by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that promotes inhibition in the brain.

Stata version 15 by StataCorp

Sourced in United States, Denmark, Austria, United Kingdom, Japan

Stata version 15 is a data analysis and statistical software package. It provides a range of tools for data management, statistical analysis, and visualization. Stata version 15 supports a variety of data types and offers a comprehensive set of statistical procedures.

Tjf 260v by Olympus

Sourced in Japan

The TJF-260V is a video duodenoscope designed for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It features a slim, flexible insertion tube and a wide, forward-viewing field of view.

Propofol by B. Braun

Sourced in Germany

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic agent used in medical procedures. It induces and maintains a state of unconsciousness and suppresses the body's response to surgical stimulation.

Pf543 by Cayman Chemical

Sourced in United States

PF543 is a selective and potent inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGL-α), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

Stata se 17 by StataCorp

Sourced in United States

Stata/SE 17.0 is a comprehensive data analysis software package developed by StataCorp. It is designed to handle a wide range of statistical analysis tasks, including data management, visualization, and advanced econometric modeling. Stata/SE 17.0 provides a powerful and flexible computing environment for researchers, analysts, and professionals working with large and complex datasets.

Alice nightone by Philips

Sourced in Germany, United States, Australia

The Alice NightOne is a compact, portable sleep monitoring device designed for overnight sleep studies. It records various physiological parameters, including airflow, oxygen levels, and body movements, to assist in the diagnosis of sleep-related disorders. The device is intended for use by healthcare professionals in clinical settings.

What are the main types of tranquilizing agents?

Tranquilizing agents can be broadly classified into several categories, including benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, alprazolam), barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, secobarbital), and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics (e.g., zolpidem, eszopiclone). Each class has its own unique mechanisms of action, potency, and side effect profiles, so the selection of a specific tranquilizing agent should be tailored to the individual patient's needs and condition.

How do tranquilizing agents work to produce their calming effects?

Tranquilizing agents work by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and serotonin. These neurotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating mood, anxiety, and sleep. By enhancing the effects of GABA or altering serotonin signaling, tranquilizing agents induce a state of relaxation, reduced anxiety, and sedation.

What are some common uses of tranquilizing agents?

Tranquilizing agents are commonly used to manage a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders, insomnia, agitation associated with certain medical or psychiatric conditions, and as pre-medication for medical procedures or as adjuncts to anesthesia. They can also be employed to help patients with acute episodes of aggression or violence in certain clinical settings.

What are the potential side effects of tranquilizing agents?

The use of tranquilizing agents can be associated with a range of side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, impaired coordination, memory problems, and respiratory depression. In some cases, there is also a risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Clinicians must carefully weigh the benefits and risks when prescribing tranquilizing agents and monitor patients closely for any adverse reactions.

How can PubCompare.ai help with research on tranquilizing agents?

PubCompare.ai can be a valuable tool for researchers studying the efficacy and safety of tranquilizing agents. The platform allows you to efficiently screen protocol literature, leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights. PubCompare.ai can help you identify the most effective protocols related to tranquilizing agents for your specific research goals, highlighting key differences in protocol effectiveness and enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy. This can help ensure your research on tranquilizing agents is efficient and reliable.

More about "Tranquilizing Agents"

Tranquilizing agents, also known as sedatives or anxiolytics, are a class of pharmaceutical agents that induce a state of calm, relaxation, and reduced anxiety or tension.
These agents, such as Rompun, Diazepam (DZP), Propofol, and PF543, work by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as GABA and serotonin, to produce a sedative effect.
Tranquilizing agents are commonly used to manage a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders, insomnia, and agitation associated with certain medical or psychiatric conditions.
They may also be used as pre-medication for medical procedures or as adjuncts to anesthesia, like TJF-260V.
When selecting a tranquilizing agent, it is important to consider factors such as the desired level of sedation, the patient's medical history, and the potential for side effects.
Proper dosing and monitoring are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of these agents.
Researchers and clinicians can utilize PubCompare.ai, a powerful AI-driven platform, to identify the most reproducible and accurate protocols for evaluating the efficacy and safety of tranquilizing agents.
By comparing different protocols side-by-side, they can ensure their research is efficient and reliable, like using Stata 15, Stata 13, Stata version 15, or Stata/SE 17.0.
Furthermore, the Alice NightOne device can be used to monitor sleep patterns and the effectiveness of tranquilizing agents.
With the insights gained from PubCompare.ai and these tools, researchers and clinicians can optimize their tranquilizing agent research protocols and deliver better outcomes for patients.