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Biotin

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes within the body.
It is an essential cofactor for several carboxylase enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Biotin deficiency can lead to a range of symptoms, including skin rashes, hair loss, and neurological impairments.
Biotin supplements are commonly used to support healthy hair, skin, and nails, as well as to aid in the management of certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and certain types of metabolic disorders.
Researchers can utilize the PubCompare.ai platform to optimize their biotin research by accessing reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and leveraging advanced AI comparisons to identify the best products and procedures, enhancing research reproducibiltiy and accuarcy.

Most cited protocols related to «Biotin»

The streptavidin alkaline phosphatase method was adapted to detect the viral antigen using a polyclonal anti-ZIKV antibody produced at the Evandro Chagas Institute2 (link). The biotin-streptavidin peroxidase method was used for immunostaining of tissues with antibodies specific for each marker studied. First, the tissue samples were deparaffinized in xylene and hydrated in a decreasing ethanol series (90%, 80%, and 70%). Endogenous peroxidase was blocked by incubating the sections in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 45 min. Antigen retrieval was performed by incubation in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, or EDTA, pH 9.0, for 20 min at 90 °C. Nonspecific proteins were blocked by incubating the sections in 10% skim milk for 30 min. The histological sections were then incubated overnight with the primary antibodies diluted in 1% bovine serum albumin (Supplementary Table S1). After this period, the slides were immersed in 1 × PBS and incubated with the secondary biotinylated antibody (LSAB, DakoCytomation) in an oven for 30 min at 37 °C. The slides were again immersed in 1X PBS and incubated with streptavidin peroxidase (LSAB, DakoCytomation) for 30 min at 37 °C. The reactions were developed with 0.03% diaminobenzidine and 3% hydrogen peroxide as the chromogen solution. After this step, the slides were washed in distilled water and counterstained with Harris hematoxylin for 1 min. Finally, the sections were dehydrated in an increasing ethanol series and cleared in xylene.
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Publication 2018
Alkaline Phosphatase Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Antigens, Viral azo rubin S Biotin Buffers Citrates Edetic Acid Ethanol Hematoxylin Immunoglobulins Milk, Cow's Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Peroxides Proteins Serum Albumin, Bovine Streptavidin Tissues Tritium Xylene Zika Virus
Mate-pair library sequencing allows the generation of long-insert PE libraries that are useful in the scaffolding process of de novo genome assembly and in the detection of long-range genome structural variations. In the Nextera LMP library construction process, there are additional reactions called “tagmentation” and “circularization” before the normal PE library construction. The tagmentation reaction uses a specially engineered transposome to fragment the DNA sample and tag the DNA fragments by attaching a pair of biotinylated junction adapters simultaneously to the ends. Next, the tagmented DNA molecules are circularized and sheared by ultrasonics, and the sub-fragments containing the original junction parts are enriched via the biotin tag in the junction adapter.
Trimming adapters from Nextera LMP reads is like a reverse process of Nextera LMP library construction. To process Nextera mate-pair reads, the program first trims the adapters as if it is dealing with PE reads. Then, it trims junction adapters from the processed paired reads separately using the extended version of Algorithm 1.
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Publication 2014
Biotin DNA DNA Library Genome Genomic Structural Variation Ultrasonics
We constructed the paired-end DNA libraries with insert sizes larger than 2 kb by self-ligation of the DNA fragments and merging the two ends of the DNA fragment. We randomly fragmented the circularized DNA and enriched the fragments crossing the merged boundaries using magnetic beads with biotin and streptavidin. The sequencing process followed the manufacturer’s instructions (Illumina), and the fluorescent images were processed to sequences using the Illumina data processing pipeline (v1.1).
The genome sequence was assembled with short reads using SOAPdenovo software6 (http://soap.genomics.org.cn), which adopts the de Bruijn graph data structure to construct contigs7 (link). The reads were then realigned to the contig sequence, and the paired-end relationship between the reads was transferred to linkage between contigs. We constructed scaffolds starting with short paired-ends and then iterated the scaffolding process, step by step, using longer insert size paired-ends. To fill the intra-scaffold gaps, we used the paired-end information to retrieve read pairs that had one read well-aligned on the contigs and another read located in the gap region, then did a local assembly for the collected reads.
Known transposable elements were identified using RepeatMasker (version 3.2.6)14 against the Repbase31 (link) transposable element library (version 2008-08-01), and highly diverged transposable elements were identified with RepeatProteinMask14 by aligning the genome sequence to the curated transposable-element-related proteins. A de novo panda repeat library was constructed using RepeatModeller14 . Using evidence-based gene prediction, the human and dog genes (Ensembl release 52) were projected onto the panda genome, and the gene loci were defined by using both sequence similarity and whole-genome synteny information. De novo gene prediction was performed using Genscan16 (link) and Augustus17 (link). A reference gene set was created by merging all of the gene sets. The sequencing reads were mapped on the panda genome sequence using SOAPaligner8 (link), and heterozygous SNPs were identified by SOAPsnp9 (link).
Publication 2009
Amino Acid Sequence Biotin DNA Library DNA Transposable Elements Genes Genetic Loci Genome Heterozygote Homo sapiens Ligation Selfish DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Streptavidin Synteny
In cases where raw high-throughput data were available, curators obtained the relevant data sets, commented each library with extensive metadata and marked them for reanalysis in order to maintain optimal quality standards for all identified interactions. Specifically, data available from online repositories or supplemental materials of 1 CLASH, 31 PAR-CLIP and 122 HITS-CLIP libraries were analyzed and included in the database.
The CLIP-Seq analysis has been performed using an in-house developed pipeline. Regions formed by at least five overlapping reads were included to the analysis. For PAR-CLIP data, peaks containing adequate T-to-C (sense strand) or A-to-G (antisense strand) incorporation were selected. At least two transitions in the same position for peaks with less than 50 reads were required, while for the remaining regions we applied the threshold of >5%, as indicated by Hafner et al. (11 (link)). For all CLIP-Seq data sets having replicates, a peak had to be present in at least two replicates in order to be considered as valid. Where available, top expressed miRNAs were retrieved from the original publication. In all other instances, we analyzed publically available small-RNA-Seq libraries derived from the relevant cell lines. miRNA:gene interactions were inferred using a CLIP-peak-guided MRE search algorithm considering the miRNA:mRNA binding type, binding free energy, MRE conservation and AU flanking content.
Changes over 50% were utilized as a threshold for microarray and biotin pull-down experiments. In cases where replicates were available, an interaction had to be present in at least two replicates, in order to be included to the database.
Publication 2014
Biotin cDNA Library Cell Lines Clip Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation Followed by Deep Sequencing Genes High-Throughput Sequencing of RNA Isolated by Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation Lanugo Microarray Analysis MicroRNAs RNA, Messenger RNA-Seq
Cells were incubated for 24 h in complete media supplemented with 1 µg/ml doxycycline and 50 µM biotin. After three PBS washes, cells (for small-scale analysis, <107; for large scale analysis, 4 × 107) were lysed at 25°C in 1 ml lysis buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 500 mM NaCl, 0.4% SDS, 5 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and 1x Complete protease inhibitor [Roche]) and sonicated. Triton X-100 was added to 2% final concentration. After further sonication, an equal volume of 4°C 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4) was added before additional sonication (subsequent steps at 4°C) and centrifugation at 16,000 relative centrifugal force. Supernatants were incubated with 600 µl Dynabeads (MyOne Steptavadin C1; Invitrogen) overnight. Beads were collected and washed twice for 8 min at 25°C (all subsequent steps at 25°C) in 1 ml wash buffer 1 (2% SDS in dH2O). This was repeated once with wash buffer 2 (0.1% deoxycholate, 1% Triton X-100, 500 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, and 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.5), once with wash buffer 3 (250 mM LiCl, 0.5% NP-40, 0.5% deoxycholate, 1 mM EDTA, and 10 mM Tris, pH 8.1) and twice with wash buffer 4 (50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, and 50 mM NaCl). 10% of the sample was reserved for Western blot analysis. Bound proteins were removed from the magnetic beads with 50 µl of Laemmli SDS-sample buffer saturated with biotin at 98°C. For the larger scale preparation, 90% of the sample to be analyzed by mass spectrometry was washed twice in 50 mM NH4HCO3.
Publication 2012
Biotin Buffers Cells Centrifugation Deoxycholate Doxycycline Edetic Acid HEPES Laemmli buffer Mass Spectrometry Nonidet P-40 Protease Inhibitors Proteins Sodium Chloride Triton X-100 Tromethamine Western Blot

Most recents protocols related to «Biotin»

Not available on PMC !

Example 2

100 mg of the Sarcodon aspratus extracts according to the present invention;

an appropriate amount of a vitamin mixture;

70 μg of vitamin A acetate;

1.0 mg of vitamin E;

0.13 mg of vitamin B1;

0.15 mg of vitamin B2;

0.5 mg of vitamin B6;

0.2 μg of vitamin B12;

10 mg of vitamin C;

10 μg of biotin;

1.7 mg of nicotinic acid amide;

50 μg of folate;

0.5 mg of calcium pantothenate;

an appropriate amount of a mineral mixture;

1.75 mg of ferrous sulfide;

0.82 mg of zinc oxide;

25.3 mg of magnesium carbonate;

15 mg of potassium phosphate monobasic;

55 mg of dicalcium phosphate;

90 mg of potassium citrate;

100 mg of calcium carbonate; and

24.8 mg of magnesium chloride.

The composition ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture described above may be determined according to a composition ratio used in general functional health foods, and the combination ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture may be arbitrarily determined. According to a conventional method of preparing functional health foods, these components are mixed, granules are prepared, and the granules are used to prepare a composition for a functional health food.

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Patent 2024
Ascorbic Acid Biotin Carbonate, Calcium Cobalamins Cytoplasmic Granules dicalcium phosphate ferrous sulfide Folate Functional Food magnesium carbonate Magnesium Chloride magnesium citrate Minerals Niacinamide Pantothenate, Calcium Potassium Potassium Citrate potassium phosphate retinol acetate Riboflavin Sarcodon aspratus Thiamine Vitamin A Vitamin B6 Vitamin E Vitamins Zinc Oxide

Example 5

In patients with congestive heart failure, introducing number(s)/factor(s) generated based on the heart rate variability into a treatment regimen, such as the ratio between two consecutive heartbeat variabilities, may improve the response to diuretic therapy. If the patient already experienced loss of the heart rate variability, introducing the change in therapy can be followed by monitoring the effect of treatment on reversal of this loss. A use of previous electrocardiogram strips from the subject may enable to generate a “healthier-pattern of variability”. Based on the patient's variability pattern the app determines a dynamic individualized irregularity pattern for a dosing regimen.

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Patent 2024
Biotin Congestive Heart Failure Diuretics Electrocardiography Medical Devices Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pulse Rate Rate, Heart Treatment Protocols
Not available on PMC !

EXAMPLE 21

In order to determine PD-1 competition efficiency of B7-H1 binding Nanobodies, the positive clones of the binding assay were tested in an ELISA competition assay setup.

In short, 2 μg/ml B7-H1 ectodomain (rhB7H1-Fc, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, US, Cat #156-B7) was immobilized on maxisorp microtiter plates (Nunc, Wiesbaden, Germany) and free binding sites were blocked using 4% Marvel in PBS. Next, 0.5 μg/ml of PD-1-biotin was preincubated with 10 μl of periplasmic extract containing Nanobody of the different clones and a control with only PD-1-biotin (high control). The PD-1-biotin was allowed to bind to the immobilized ligand with or without Nanobody. After incubation and a wash step, PD-1 binding was revealed using a HRP-conjugated streptavidine. Binding specificity was determined based on OD values compared to controls having received no Nanobody (high control). OD values for the different Nanobody clones are depicted in FIG. 12.

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Patent 2024
Binding Sites Biological Assay Biotin biotin 1 CD274 protein, human Clone Cells Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Ligands Periplasm Psychological Inhibition Test Preparation VHH Immunoglobulin Fragments
Not available on PMC !

EXAMPLE 16

In order to determine competition efficiency of PD-1 binding Nanobodies, the positive clones of the previous binding assay were tested in an ELISA competition assay setup.

In short, 2 μg/ml PD-1 ectodomain (R&D Systems Cat #1086-PD, Minneapolis, US) was immobilized on maxisorp microtiter plates (Nunc, Wiesbaden, Germany) and free binding sites were blocked using 4% Marvel in PBS. Next, 0.5 μg/ml of biotinylated PD-L2 or B7-H1 was preincubated with a dilution series of purified Nanobody. An irrelevant Nanobody against FcgR1 (49C5) was used as a negative controle, since this Nanobody does not bind to PD-1. PD-L2 or B7-H1 without biotin (cold PD-L2 or cold B7-H1) was used as a positive controle for competition. The results are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. 4 Nanobody families show competition with PD-L2-biotin for binding to PD-1 in a dose-dependent matter. The same 4 Nanobody families also show competition with B7-H1-biotin for binding to PD-1 in a dose-dependent manner.

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Patent 2024
Binding Sites Biological Assay Biotin CD274 protein, human Clone Cells Cold Temperature Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Figs Technique, Dilution Test Preparation Titrimetry VHH Immunoglobulin Fragments
Not available on PMC !

EXAMPLE 28

In order to determine competition efficiency of PD-L2 binding Nanobodies, the positive clones of the previous binding assay were tested in an ELISA competition assay setup.

In short, 2 μg/ml PD-L2 ectodomain (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, US, Cat #1224-PL) was immobilized on maxisorp microtiter plates (Nunc, Wiesbaden, Germany) and free binding sites were blocked using 4% Marvel in PBS. Next, 0.5 μg/ml of PD-1 was preincubated with a dilution series of purified Nanobody. An irrelevant Nanobody against FcgR1 (49C5) was used as a negative controle, since this Nanobody does not bind to PD-L2. PD-1 without biotin (cold PD-1) was used as a positive controle for competition of PD-1-biotin. The results are shown in FIG. 16. Four clones showed competition with PD1-biotin for binding to PD-L2 in a dose-dependent manner.

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Patent 2024
Binding Sites Biological Assay Biotin biotin 1 Clone Cells Common Cold Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Technique, Dilution Test Preparation Titrimetry VHH Immunoglobulin Fragments

Top products related to «Biotin»

Sourced in United States, China, Germany
The LightShift Chemiluminescent EMSA Kit is a laboratory tool designed to detect and analyze protein-DNA interactions. It uses chemiluminescent detection to visualize and quantify the binding of proteins to specific DNA sequences.
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The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.
Sourced in United States, Switzerland, Germany, China
Biotin RNA Labeling Mix is a reagent used for the incorporation of biotin labels into RNA molecules during in vitro transcription or reverse transcription reactions. It enables the detection and analysis of labeled RNA samples through various downstream applications, such as northern blotting, microarray hybridization, or pull-down experiments.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France, Japan, Switzerland
The Vectastain Elite ABC kit is a specialized laboratory equipment used for the detection and visualization of target proteins or antigens in biological samples. It utilizes an avidin-biotin complex (ABC) system to amplify the signal, enabling researchers to achieve high sensitivity and consistent results in their immunohistochemical or immunocytochemical analyses.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
Sourced in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France
The Vectastain ABC kit is a product by Vector Laboratories that is used for the detection of specific target antigens in tissue or cell samples. The kit includes reagents necessary for the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method of immunohistochemistry. The core function of the Vectastain ABC kit is to provide a reliable and sensitive tool for the visualization of target molecules within a sample.
Sourced in United States, China
Streptavidin agarose beads are a type of affinity chromatography resin. They consist of streptavidin, a protein that binds to biotin, immobilized on agarose beads. These beads are commonly used for the purification and immobilization of biotinylated molecules.
Sourced in Germany, United States, Canada
Anti-biotin microbeads are a type of magnetic particle designed for the isolation and enrichment of biotin-labeled cells, proteins, or other biomolecules. These microbeads are coated with an anti-biotin antibody, which binds to the biotin label, allowing the target molecule to be separated from the rest of the sample using a magnetic field.
Sourced in United States, China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Italy, Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Lithuania, Denmark, Singapore, New Zealand, India, Brazil, Argentina, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Poland, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, Cameroon, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand
TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.

More about "Biotin"

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes within the body.
As a water-soluble vitamin, biotin is involved in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, serving as an essential cofactor for several carboxylase enzymes.
Biotin deficiency can lead to a range of adverse health effects, including skin rashes, hair loss, and neurological impairments.
Consequently, biotin supplements are commonly used to support the health of hair, skin, and nails, as well as to aid in the management of certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and certain types of metabolic disorders.
Researchers can leverage the power of the PubCompare.ai platform to optimize their biotin research.
This innovative AI-driven platform allows researchers to access reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while utilizing advanced AI comparisons to identify the best products and procedures.
By doing so, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their biotin-related studies.
In addition to the PubCompare.ai platform, researchers may also find value in utilizing tools and reagents such as the LightShift Chemiluminescent EMSA Kit, RNeasy Mini Kit, Biotin RNA Labeling Mix, Vectastain Elite ABC kit, Bovine serum albumin, Vectastain ABC kit, Streptavidin agarose beads, Anti-biotin microbeads, and TRIzol reagent.
These resources can provide valuable support for various aspects of biotin-related research, including protein-DNA interactions, RNA extraction and labeling, and affinity-based purification.
By combining the insights gained from the MeSH term description, the Metadescription, and the utilization of relevant tools and reagents, researchers can delve deeper into the complex world of biotin and unlock new discoveries that can contribute to advancements in human health and wellness.