We obtained information on maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, parity, folic acid supplementation, and smoking by questionnaire at enrolment.11 (link) Maternal height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated at enrolment. We measured maternal blood pressure with the validated oscillometric sphygmomanometer (OMRON Healthcare Europe B V, Hoofddorp, Netherlands) and documented the mean value of two blood pressure readings.23 (link)
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Vitamin
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Folic Acid
Folic Acid
Folic acid is a vital nutrient essential for healthy cell growth and development.
It plays a crucial role in the production of DNA and red blood cells, making it particularly important during pregnancy.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool empowers researchers to optimize their folic acid studies by easily locating and comparing protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This allows researchers to identify the best approaches and enhance their folic acid research with powerful data analysis and insights, improving reproducibility and advancing the field.
PubCompare.ai is a valuable resource for scientists seeking to maximize the impact of their folic acid research.
It plays a crucial role in the production of DNA and red blood cells, making it particularly important during pregnancy.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool empowers researchers to optimize their folic acid studies by easily locating and comparing protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This allows researchers to identify the best approaches and enhance their folic acid research with powerful data analysis and insights, improving reproducibility and advancing the field.
PubCompare.ai is a valuable resource for scientists seeking to maximize the impact of their folic acid research.
Most cited protocols related to «Folic Acid»
Blood Pressure
Ethnicity
Folic Acid
Index, Body Mass
Oscillometry
Sphygmomanometers
We used a semi-quantitative FFQ of 101 food items to assess the usual daily intake of foods and nutrients (available at: http://bibliodieta.umh.es/files/2011/07/CFA101.pdf ). The FFQ was a modified version from a previous FFQ based on the Harvard questionnaire [15 (link)], which we developed and validated using four 1-week dietary records in an adult population in Valencia. The validity correlation coefficients (adjusted for energy intake) ranged from 0.27 for folate intake to 0.67 for calcium intake (average 0.47), and the reproducibility correlation coefficient s ranged from 0.30 for carotene intake to 0.65 for calcium intake (average 0.40) [16 ,17 (link)]; this is a similar range to other established diet questionnaires [3 ,4 (link)]. For the dietary assessment of pregnant women in the INMA cohort study, we added additional food items in the FFQ in order to capture the major sources of the most relevant nutrients, including specific carotenoids.
Participants in the study were asked twice during pregnancy how often, on average, they had consumed each food item over two periods of several months. The first period covered the time from the last menstruation to the first prenatal visit that occurred between the 10–13 weeks of pregnancy; the second period was the time between the first visit and the second one between weeks 28–32 of gestation. Serving sizes were specified for each food item in the FFQ. The questionnaire had nine possible responses, ranging from ‘never or less than once per month’ to ‘six or more per day’. Additionally, we asked whether study participants followed special diets.
Nutrient values were primarily obtained from the food composition tables of the US Department of Agriculture publications as well as other published sources for Spanish foods and portion sizes [18 ,19 ]. In order to obtain average daily nutrient intakes from diet for each individual, we multiplied the frequency of use for each food by the nutrient composition of the portion/serving size specified on the FFQ and added the results across all foods. For those nutrients often used in supplements during pregnancy such as folate, vitamin C and vitamin B12, the total daily nutrient intake was estimated by adding the average daily intake from supplements and the usual daily nutrient intake from the FFQ. In order to convert folic acid intake from supplements to dietary folate, we used the equivalence of 1 mcg of folate in the diet equals to 0.6 mcg of folic acid from supplements [20 (link)]. We estimated the mean daily consumption for 17 foods and food groups by grouping the intake of specific foods in the FFQ (Table1 ).
Participants in the study were asked twice during pregnancy how often, on average, they had consumed each food item over two periods of several months. The first period covered the time from the last menstruation to the first prenatal visit that occurred between the 10–13 weeks of pregnancy; the second period was the time between the first visit and the second one between weeks 28–32 of gestation. Serving sizes were specified for each food item in the FFQ. The questionnaire had nine possible responses, ranging from ‘never or less than once per month’ to ‘six or more per day’. Additionally, we asked whether study participants followed special diets.
Nutrient values were primarily obtained from the food composition tables of the US Department of Agriculture publications as well as other published sources for Spanish foods and portion sizes [18 ,19 ]. In order to obtain average daily nutrient intakes from diet for each individual, we multiplied the frequency of use for each food by the nutrient composition of the portion/serving size specified on the FFQ and added the results across all foods. For those nutrients often used in supplements during pregnancy such as folate, vitamin C and vitamin B12, the total daily nutrient intake was estimated by adding the average daily intake from supplements and the usual daily nutrient intake from the FFQ. In order to convert folic acid intake from supplements to dietary folate, we used the equivalence of 1 mcg of folate in the diet equals to 0.6 mcg of folic acid from supplements [20 (link)]. We estimated the mean daily consumption for 17 foods and food groups by grouping the intake of specific foods in the FFQ (Table
Full text: Click here
A-101
Adult
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium, Dietary
Carotene
Carotenoids
Cobalamins
Diet
Dietary Supplements
Eating
Folate
Folic Acid
Food
Hispanic or Latino
Menstruation
Nutrient Intake
Nutrients
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women
Genetic constructs and cell lines were assembled by standard methods (Table S1 ). All cell lines used in the main text (Table S2 ) were derived from T-REx-CHO-K1 (Invitrogen). Cell lines were constructed by sequential rounds of Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) transfection and selection. Stably transfected clones were isolated by limiting dilution or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Time-lapse microscopy was performed with cells plated on 24-well glass-bottom plates (Mattek). For plate-bound Delta experiments, IgG-Deltaext was adsorbed to the plate together with 5 μg/ml hamster fibronectin (Innovative Research) prior to cell plating. Before imaging, cells were switched to a low-fluorescence medium, consisting of 5% FBS in αMEM lacking riboflavin, folic acid, phenol red, and vitamin B12. Movies were acquired using an Olympus IX-81 ZDC microscope, equipped with a 37°C environmental chamber supplying 5% CO2, a 20X 0.7 NA objective, and automated acquisition software (MetaMorph). Western blots for Gal4 were obtained using standard protocols. Blots were probed with rabbit anti-Gal4 DBD primary antibody (sc-577, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:200) followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Amersham, 1:2000). Bands were quantified using a VersaDoc gel imaging system. qRT-PCR was performed using standard protocols based on the RNeasy kit (Qiagen) and iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad). Co-culture experiments were analyzed for YFP fluorescence using a FACScalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson) and standard protocols. Movies were analyzed in several stages. First, individual cell nuclei were identified on CFP images using a custom Matlab-based algorithm based on edge detection and thresholding of constitutively expressed H2B-Cerulean fluorescence. Then, for analysis of single-cell expression trajectories, individual nuclei were tracked across frames using custom software (Matlab, C) based on the SoftAssign algorithm (supplementary ). All single-cell trajectories were validated manually. For further details see supplementary .
Anabolism
anti-IgG
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Cell Lines
Cell Nucleus
Cells
Clone Cells
Cobalamins
Coculture Techniques
DNA, Complementary
Fibronectins
Fluorescence
Folic Acid
Hamsters
Horseradish Peroxidase
Immunoglobulins
lipofectamine 2000
Microscopy
Rabbits
Reading Frames
Reproduction
Riboflavin
Single-Cell Analysis
Technique, Dilution
Transfection
Western Blot
Aspirin
Capsule
Coitus
Fertility
Folic Acid
Generic Drugs
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Placebos
Pregnancy
Taste
Woman
The present study included 121 healthy volunteers aged 27.22 ± 10.61 years old, and 22 depressed patients aged 29.48 ± 9.28 years old.
This mixed population was chosen because of the nature of the instrument. The STAI principally measures anxiety as a feature of the general population, so the main study sample to test the properties of the instrument should be 'healthy normal subjects'. However it is also important to test the properties of the instrument in a population that manifests higher than normal levels of anxiety. Depressed patients were chosen on the basis that this patients population was easier for the researchers to recruit taking into consideration practical issues.
Patients were physically healthy with normal clinical and laboratory findings (Electroencephalogram, blood and biochemical testing, thyroid function, test for pregnancy, B12 and folic acid). They came from the inpatient and outpatient unit of the 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece. They were consecutive cases and were chosen because they fulfilled the above criteria.
The normal controls group was composed by members of the hospital staff, students and other volunteers. A clinical interview confirmed that they did not suffer from any mental disorder and their prior history was free from mental and thyroid disorder. They were free of any medication for at least two weeks and were physically healthy.
All patients and controls provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
Translation and back translation were made by two of the authors; one of whom did the translation and the other who did not know the original English text did the back translation. The final translation was fixed by consensus of all authors.
The Greek translation along with the translated manual of the test will be available from the same publisher of the English version of the test and manual.
Clinical diagnosis was reached with the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) version 2.0 [9 (link),10 ] and the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) [11 (link)-14 (link)]. Both were applied by one of the authors (KNF) who has official training in a World Health Organization Training and Reference Center. The IPDE did not contribute to the clinical diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression, but was used in the frame of a global and comprehensive assessment of the patients. The second examiner performed an unstructured interview. The Symptoms Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety (SRSDA) which provides an Anxiety index and a Beck Depression Inventory-21 score and the Eysenk Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were applied for cross-validation purposes.
In 20 of the patients the instrument was re-applied 1–2 days later
This mixed population was chosen because of the nature of the instrument. The STAI principally measures anxiety as a feature of the general population, so the main study sample to test the properties of the instrument should be 'healthy normal subjects'. However it is also important to test the properties of the instrument in a population that manifests higher than normal levels of anxiety. Depressed patients were chosen on the basis that this patients population was easier for the researchers to recruit taking into consideration practical issues.
Patients were physically healthy with normal clinical and laboratory findings (Electroencephalogram, blood and biochemical testing, thyroid function, test for pregnancy, B12 and folic acid). They came from the inpatient and outpatient unit of the 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece. They were consecutive cases and were chosen because they fulfilled the above criteria.
The normal controls group was composed by members of the hospital staff, students and other volunteers. A clinical interview confirmed that they did not suffer from any mental disorder and their prior history was free from mental and thyroid disorder. They were free of any medication for at least two weeks and were physically healthy.
All patients and controls provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
The Greek translation along with the translated manual of the test will be available from the same publisher of the English version of the test and manual.
In 20 of the patients the instrument was re-applied 1–2 days later
Full text: Click here
Anxiety
BLOOD
Depressive Symptoms
Diagnosis
Electroencephalography
Folic Acid
Healthy Volunteers
Inpatient
Mental Disorders
Outpatients
Patients
Personality Disorders
Personnel, Hospital
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pregnancy Tests
Reading Frames
Student
Thyroid Diseases
Thyroid Gland
Voluntary Workers
Most recents protocols related to «Folic Acid»
Example 2
Expressed and purified dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) from S. aureus (saDHPS) was cloned. DHPS is the enzyme that installs PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) in the folate biosynthesis pathway (Scheme 2). It has been demonstrated that the PABA analog PAS (2-aminosalicylate) is incorporated into folic acid in M. tuberculosis (Chakraborty, S. et al. 2013), suggesting that PAS is a substrate for DHPS. Using a coupled assay, it was determined that the kinetic parameters for saDHPS with PABA, PAS and F-PABA. Importantly, all three compounds have similar kcat and Km values indicating that F-PABA is an alternative substrate for saDHPS. Since PAS is an antibacterial compound whose mechanism of action may be related for the ability of this compound to compete with PABA for DHPS, we determined the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of F-PABA for several bacterial species as well as Vero cells. In each case no growth inhibition was observed up to 200 μg/ml. Unlike PAA, 2-F-PABA has no antibacterial activity (Table 1).
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4-Aminobenzoic Acid
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bacteria
Biological Assay
Biosynthetic Pathways
Cells
Cytotoxin
Dihydropteroate Synthase
Drug Kinetics
Enzymes
Escherichia coli
Folate
Folic Acid
Kinetics
Mammals
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Psychological Inhibition
Vero Cells
Example 3
The ability of different bacterial species to take up [18F]F-PABA was studied. The radiotracer accumulated in both methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA, Newman) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), as well as the Gram negative bacteria E. coli and Klebsiela pneumoniae.
In the case of MSSA we also demonstrated that heat-killed cells were unable to take up [18F]F-PABA (
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4-Aminobenzoic Acid
Anabolism
Bacteria
Cells
Enterococcus faecalis
Escherichia coli
Folate
Folic Acid
Gram Negative Bacteria
Infection
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Methicillin
Methicillin-Resistant
Pneumonia
Staphylococcus aureus
Sulfonamides
Human natural killer cell line NK92 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection and grown in α-MEM medium (Cat. No.12571089; Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 12.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Cat. No.1614007; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 12.5% horse serum (Cat. No. 26050070; Gibco), 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, 2 mM L-glutamine (Cat. No. 25030149; Gibco), 100 to 200 U/ml recombinant IL-2 (Cat. No. 200-02; PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA,), 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.2 mM inositol (Cat. No. I5125; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 0.02 mM folic acid, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution (Cat. No. SV30010; Solarbio, Beijing, China). Mouse pancreatic carcinoma cell line PAN02 and human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC28, PANC1, SW1990 were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection and cultured in DMEM medium contained 10% FBS (Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2.
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2-Mercaptoethanol
Atmosphere
Bicarbonate, Sodium
Cell Lines
Culture Media
Equus caballus
Folic Acid
Glutamine
Homo sapiens
Inositol
Mus
Natural Killer Cells
Pancreatic Carcinoma
Penicillins
Serum
Streptomycin
Hy-Line Brown laying hens were fed with a regular diet (corn-soybean meal-based; containing 0.32% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP); Table 1 ) start from 35 weeks of age. On the last day of age 40 weeks, a total of 60 hens that laid eggs between 07:30−08:30 were randomly selected to evaluate the daily phosphorus rhythms. Of them, 45 hens were euthanized for sample collection, and the other 15 hens were used to study the feed intake and calcium/phosphorus excretion rhythms. For sample collection, the 45 hens were sampled according the oviposition cycle: at oviposition, at 6, 12, 18 h post-oviposition, and at the next oviposition, respectively, with 9 hens sampled at each of the time point. The following samples were collected: blood (for serum), uterine (stored at −80 ℃, for Western-blotting analysis), femur (in 4% paraformaldehyde, for histological analysis) and kidney (stored at −80 ℃, for Western-blotting analysis). For the other 15 hens, the feed intake was recoded and the excreta was collected at the following intervals: from oviposition to 6 h post-oviposition, from 7 to 12 h post-oviposition, from 13 to 18 h post-oviposition, from 19 h post-oviposition to the next oviposition.
Composition and nutrient concentrations of basal diet (%, unless noted, as-is basis)
| Item | Low phosphorus | Regular phosphorus |
|---|---|---|
| Ingredients | ||
| Corn | 56.69 | 56.69 |
| Soybean meal | 25.77 | 25.77 |
| Distillers dried grains with solubles | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Calcium carbonate | 9.73 | 9.04 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | - | 1.15 |
| Soybean oil | 1.51 | 1.51 |
| Sodium chloride | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| DL-Methionine | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| Choline chloride | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Montmorillonite | 0.71 | 0.25 |
| Premix1 | 1 | 1 |
| In total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| Nutrient levels | ||
| Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg (calculated) | 2,600 | 2,600 |
| Crude protein (calculated) | 16.5 | 16.5 |
| Total phosphorus (calculated/analyzed) | 0.34/0.34 | 0.53/0.49 |
| Non-phytate phosphorus (calculated) | 0.14 | 0.32 |
| Calcium (calculated/analyzed) | 3.50/3.47 | 3.50/3.52 |
1Provided per kilogram of diet: manganese 60 mg, copper 8 mg, zinc 80 mg, iodine 0.35 mg, selenium 0.3 mg, vitamin A 8000 IU, vitamin E 30 mg, vitamin K3 1.5 mg, thiamine 4 mg, riboflavin 13 mg, pantothenic acid 15 mg, nicotinamide 20 mg, pyridoxine 6 mg, biotin 0.15 mg, folic acid 1.5 mg, and cobalamin 0.02 mg
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Biotin
BLOOD
Calcium, Dietary
calcium phosphate
Cereals
Choline
Copper
Corn Flour
Corns
Diet
Eggs
Feed Intake
Femur
Folic Acid
Iodine
Kidney
Manganese
Niacinamide
Nutrients
Oviposition
Pantothenic Acid
paraform
Phosphorus
Phytate
Proteins
Pyridoxine
Riboflavin
Selenium
Serum
Sodium
sodium phosphate
Soybean Flour
Soybeans
Specimen Collection
Thiamine
Uterus
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin E
Vitamin K3
Western Blot
Zinc-80
We provided interventions including meeting with the parents of the adolescent girls, nutrition education sessions at schools and distribution of information, education and communication materials. We provided iron-folic acid supplementation according to the recommended dose of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) in both the intervention and control arms. The recommended dose what we provided was once a week for consecutive 3 months, then 3 months of intervals, then again for 3 months. We also provided messages on water, sanitation, and hygiene in both arms. Detailed interventions under different components are described below:
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Adolescents, Female
Arm, Upper
Folic Acid
Iron
Parent
Top products related to «Folic Acid»
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Folic acid is a laboratory reagent used in various scientific applications. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in cellular function and development. Folic acid is an essential component in many biochemical processes, including DNA synthesis and cell growth.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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N-hydroxysuccinimide is a chemical compound commonly used as an activating agent in organic synthesis. It is a stable, crystalline solid that can be used to facilitate the formation of amide bonds between carboxylic acids and primary amines. Its core function is to activate carboxylic acids, enabling their subsequent reaction with other functional groups.
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Horse serum is a biological fluid derived from the blood of horses. It contains a complex mixture of proteins, including immunoglobulins, hormones, and other biomolecules. Horse serum is commonly used as a supplement in cell culture media to support the growth and maintenance of various cell types.
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L-glutamine is an amino acid that is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in cell culture media. It serves as a source of nitrogen and supports cellular growth and metabolism.
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Inositol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol found in various plant and animal tissues. It plays a crucial role in cellular function and signaling processes. Inositol is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and research tool to study these cellular mechanisms.
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RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
More about "Folic Acid"
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9 or folate, is a crucial nutrient that plays a vital role in human health and development.
It is essential for the proper growth and division of cells, making it particularly important during pregnancy.
Folic acid is involved in the production of DNA and red blood cells, and its deficiency can lead to various health issues, including neural tube defects in newborns.
Researchers studying the effects of folic acid on cell growth and development can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool to optimize their research.
This powerful tool allows researchers to easily locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enabling them to identify the best approaches and enhance their folic acid studies.
By leveraging the insights and data analysis provided by PubCompare.ai, researchers can improve the reproducibility of their folic acid experiments and advance the field.
The tool's comprehensive database of protocols and the ability to compare them side-by-side can help researchers identify the most effective methods and techniques, ultimately leading to more robust and impactful findings.
In addition to folic acid, researchers may also be interested in other cell culture components, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), penicillin/streptomycin, N-hydroxysuccinimide, horse serum, L-glutamine, inositol, and RPMI 1640 medium.
PubCompare.ai's platform can assist in exploring and comparing protocols related to these materials as well, providing a comprehensive resource for optimizing cell culture and biological research.
It is essential for the proper growth and division of cells, making it particularly important during pregnancy.
Folic acid is involved in the production of DNA and red blood cells, and its deficiency can lead to various health issues, including neural tube defects in newborns.
Researchers studying the effects of folic acid on cell growth and development can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool to optimize their research.
This powerful tool allows researchers to easily locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enabling them to identify the best approaches and enhance their folic acid studies.
By leveraging the insights and data analysis provided by PubCompare.ai, researchers can improve the reproducibility of their folic acid experiments and advance the field.
The tool's comprehensive database of protocols and the ability to compare them side-by-side can help researchers identify the most effective methods and techniques, ultimately leading to more robust and impactful findings.
In addition to folic acid, researchers may also be interested in other cell culture components, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), penicillin/streptomycin, N-hydroxysuccinimide, horse serum, L-glutamine, inositol, and RPMI 1640 medium.
PubCompare.ai's platform can assist in exploring and comparing protocols related to these materials as well, providing a comprehensive resource for optimizing cell culture and biological research.