Genetic constructs and cell lines were assembled by standard methods (Table S1 ). All cell lines used in the main text (Table S2 ) were derived from T-REx-CHO-K1 (Invitrogen). Cell lines were constructed by sequential rounds of Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) transfection and selection. Stably transfected clones were isolated by limiting dilution or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Time-lapse microscopy was performed with cells plated on 24-well glass-bottom plates (Mattek). For plate-bound Delta experiments, IgG-Deltaext was adsorbed to the plate together with 5 μg/ml hamster fibronectin (Innovative Research) prior to cell plating. Before imaging, cells were switched to a low-fluorescence medium, consisting of 5% FBS in αMEM lacking riboflavin, folic acid, phenol red, and vitamin B12. Movies were acquired using an Olympus IX-81 ZDC microscope, equipped with a 37°C environmental chamber supplying 5% CO2, a 20X 0.7 NA objective, and automated acquisition software (MetaMorph). Western blots for Gal4 were obtained using standard protocols. Blots were probed with rabbit anti-Gal4 DBD primary antibody (sc-577, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:200) followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Amersham, 1:2000). Bands were quantified using a VersaDoc gel imaging system. qRT-PCR was performed using standard protocols based on the RNeasy kit (Qiagen) and iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad). Co-culture experiments were analyzed for YFP fluorescence using a FACScalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson) and standard protocols. Movies were analyzed in several stages. First, individual cell nuclei were identified on CFP images using a custom Matlab-based algorithm based on edge detection and thresholding of constitutively expressed H2B-Cerulean fluorescence. Then, for analysis of single-cell expression trajectories, individual nuclei were tracked across frames using custom software (Matlab, C) based on the SoftAssign algorithm (supplementary ). All single-cell trajectories were validated manually. For further details see supplementary .
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Chemicals & Drugs
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Vitamin
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Riboflavin
Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in human health.
It is involved in a variety of metabolic processes, including energy production, cellular growth and development, and the maintenance of healthy skin and vision.
Riboflavin is found in a range of food sources, such as dairy products, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, and leafy green vegetables.
Deficiency in riboflavin can lead to a condition called ariboflavinosis, which can cause symptoms such as cracks and sores at the corners of the mouth, scaly skin, and impaired vision.
Adequate intake of riboflavin is important for maintaining overall well-being and preventing health issues.
Reserchers can utilize PubComapre.ai, an AI-driven platform, to optimize their riboflavin research by easily locating the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
It is involved in a variety of metabolic processes, including energy production, cellular growth and development, and the maintenance of healthy skin and vision.
Riboflavin is found in a range of food sources, such as dairy products, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, and leafy green vegetables.
Deficiency in riboflavin can lead to a condition called ariboflavinosis, which can cause symptoms such as cracks and sores at the corners of the mouth, scaly skin, and impaired vision.
Adequate intake of riboflavin is important for maintaining overall well-being and preventing health issues.
Reserchers can utilize PubComapre.ai, an AI-driven platform, to optimize their riboflavin research by easily locating the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
Most cited protocols related to «Riboflavin»
Anabolism
anti-IgG
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Cell Lines
Cell Nucleus
Cells
Clone Cells
Cobalamins
Coculture Techniques
DNA, Complementary
Fibronectins
Fluorescence
Folic Acid
Hamsters
Horseradish Peroxidase
Immunoglobulins
lipofectamine 2000
Microscopy
Rabbits
Reading Frames
Reproduction
Riboflavin
Single-Cell Analysis
Technique, Dilution
Transfection
Western Blot
The overall OBS was calculated by summing the points assigned for each component; a higher OBS reflected a predominance of antioxidant exposure. Based on a priori information about the relationship between nutrients or lifestyle factors and OS, sixteen nutrients and four lifestyle factors were screened to calculate the OBS, with five prooxidants and fifteen antioxidants. Most components have been used to calculate OBS at previous [37 ], and six components were newly selected based on the available data and their association with OS; they were riboflavin [47 (link)], niacin [48 (link)], vitamin B6 [49 (link)], vitamin B12 [50 ], magnesium [51 (link)], and copper [26 (link)]. In addition, smoking was estimated by cotinine as it could measure the extent of both tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Table 1 shows the assignment scheme of the OBS components. For alcohol consumption, nondrinkers, nonheavy drinkers (0 to 15 g/d for female and 0 to 30 g/d for male), and heavy drinkers (≥15 g/d for female and ≥30 g/d for male) received 2, 1, and 0 points, respectively. Then, other components were divided into three groups by their sex-specific tertiles. Antioxidants were assigned points from 0 to 2 for groups from tertile 1 to tertile 3, respectively. The point assignment for prooxidants was inverse, with 0 points for the highest tertile and 2 points for the lowest tertile.
The OBS had combined the contributions of both diet and lifestyle. To investigate whether diet or lifestyle factors significantly contributed to the OBS-LTL association, respectively, we calculated a dietary OBS by excluding four lifestyle variables: cotinine, alcohol consumption, BMI, and physical activity from the OBS measures that have been described above and calculated a lifestyle OBS that only included these four variables [52 (link)].
The OBS had combined the contributions of both diet and lifestyle. To investigate whether diet or lifestyle factors significantly contributed to the OBS-LTL association, respectively, we calculated a dietary OBS by excluding four lifestyle variables: cotinine, alcohol consumption, BMI, and physical activity from the OBS measures that have been described above and calculated a lifestyle OBS that only included these four variables [52 (link)].
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Alcoholic Intoxication
Antioxidants
Cobalamins
Copper
Cotinine
Diet
Environmental Exposure
Females
Magnesium
Males
Niacin
Nicotiana tabacum
Nutrients
Riboflavin
Smoke
Vitamin B6
Acids, Omega-6 Fatty
Ascorbic Acid
Asthma
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
Cobalamins
Cytokine
Diet
Fibrosis
Flavonoids
Food
Inflammation
Intolerances, Glucose
Mental Recall
Nutrients
Pancreatic Cancer
Prostate
Proteins
Riboflavin
Saturated Fatty Acid
Thiamine
Vitamin A
Volumes, Forced Expiratory
Workers
The PANDiet aims to measure the overall diet quality of an individual through the probability of having an adequate nutrient intake.
We selected 24 nutrients for inclusion in the PANDiet: protein, total carbohydrate, fibre, total fat, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, vitamins A, B-6, B-12, C, D and E, calcium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, potassium, iron and sodium. This selection was based on the available current national nutritional recommendations for French [25] –[30] and US adults [31] –[38] , and the availability of data in ENNS and NHANES food composition databases.
We used the probabilistic approach developed by the Institute of Medicine [20] to estimate, for each individual, if the usual intake of a nutrient was adequate. The calculation of the probability takes into account the number of days of dietary data, the mean intake and the day-to-day variability of intake, the nutrient reference value and the interindividual variability (Figure 1 ). Values range from 0 to 1, where 1 represents a 100% probability that the usual intake was adequate
For each nutrient, adequate intake was assumed to be the level likely to satisfy the nutrient requirements and unlikely to be excessive and elicit adverse health effects. Therefore, we assessed separately the probability that the intake was adequate inasmuch as it satisfied the requirement, on one hand, and the probability that it was not excessive, on the other hand. Consequently, the PANDiet was constructed based on two sub-scores - the Adequacy sub-score and the Moderation sub-score.
The Adequacy sub-score was calculated as the average of the probability of adequacy for items for which the usual intake should be above a reference value, multiplied by 100. According to the nutrient reference values, the probability was determined as follows:
The Moderation sub-score was calculated as the average of the probability of adequacy for items for which the usual intake should not exceed a reference value and penalty values, multiplied by 100. According to the nutrient reference values, the probability was determined as follows:
For other vitamins and minerals with available upper tolerable limits but where the risk of excessive intake is low, we used a penalty value system: a value equal to 0 was generated when the average intake of a nutrient exceeded the upper tolerable limit of intake.
The PANDiet score is the average of the Adequacy and Moderation sub-scores. In principle, the score ranges from 0 to 100; the higher the score, the better the diet quality.
A French implementation of the PANDiet (Figure 2 ) was developed based on the French nutritional recommendations for adults [25] –[27] , including European Community values when specific French recommendations did not exist [28] –[30] . A US implementation of the PANDiet (Figure 3 ) was developed based on the US nutritional recommendations for adults [31] –[38] . Although the structure of these two implementations is almost identical, it should be noted that the differences in reference values renders cross-national comparisons of PANDiet scores meaningless.
We selected 24 nutrients for inclusion in the PANDiet: protein, total carbohydrate, fibre, total fat, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, vitamins A, B-6, B-12, C, D and E, calcium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, potassium, iron and sodium. This selection was based on the available current national nutritional recommendations for French [25] –[30] and US adults [31] –[38] , and the availability of data in ENNS and NHANES food composition databases.
We used the probabilistic approach developed by the Institute of Medicine [20] to estimate, for each individual, if the usual intake of a nutrient was adequate. The calculation of the probability takes into account the number of days of dietary data, the mean intake and the day-to-day variability of intake, the nutrient reference value and the interindividual variability (
For each nutrient, adequate intake was assumed to be the level likely to satisfy the nutrient requirements and unlikely to be excessive and elicit adverse health effects. Therefore, we assessed separately the probability that the intake was adequate inasmuch as it satisfied the requirement, on one hand, and the probability that it was not excessive, on the other hand. Consequently, the PANDiet was constructed based on two sub-scores - the Adequacy sub-score and the Moderation sub-score.
The Adequacy sub-score was calculated as the average of the probability of adequacy for items for which the usual intake should be above a reference value, multiplied by 100. According to the nutrient reference values, the probability was determined as follows:
The Moderation sub-score was calculated as the average of the probability of adequacy for items for which the usual intake should not exceed a reference value and penalty values, multiplied by 100. According to the nutrient reference values, the probability was determined as follows:
For other vitamins and minerals with available upper tolerable limits but where the risk of excessive intake is low, we used a penalty value system: a value equal to 0 was generated when the average intake of a nutrient exceeded the upper tolerable limit of intake.
The PANDiet score is the average of the Adequacy and Moderation sub-scores. In principle, the score ranges from 0 to 100; the higher the score, the better the diet quality.
A French implementation of the PANDiet (
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Adult
Calcium, Dietary
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
Diet
Fibrosis
Folate
Food
Iron
Magnesium
Minerals
Niacin
Nutrient Intake
Nutrients
Nutritional Requirements
Phosphorus
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Potassium
Proteins
Riboflavin
Sodium
Thiamine
Vitamins
Zinc
All the used cell lines were cultured in DMEM (Life Technologies, catalogue no. 61965-059) supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum (FCS) (FCS, PAA, catalogue no. A15-151) and pen/strep (100 units per ml and 100 μg ml−1, respectively, Biochrom AG, catalogue no. A2213) at 37 °C and 5% CO2. For STED imaging, cells were stained with the probes at 37 °C in HDMEM (phenol red-free DMEM—Invitrogen, catalogue no. 31053-028—buffered with 10 mM HEPES) supplemented with 10% FCS and pen/strep. Imaging was performed in HDMEM buffer with 10% FCS. For regular microscopy cells were stained in DMEM growth medium at 37 °C supplemented with 10% FCS.
A HeLa (‘Kyoto' strain) cell line stably co-expressing H2B-mRFP and MyrPalm-mEGFP18 (link), was used for live-cell microscopy experiments. H2B-mRFP was imaged as a reference marker to quantify cell proliferation, mitotic duration and chromosome missegregation in the control cells (dimethylsulfoxide) that were not stained with SiR–Hoechst. HeLa cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) penicillin–streptomycin (Sigma), 0.5 μg ml−1 puromycin and 500 μg ml−1 G418. For live-cell imaging experiments, cells were grown either in LabTek II chambered coverslips (ThermoScientific) or 96-well plastic-bottom plates (μclear; Greiner Bio-One Ltd.), in DMEM containing 10% (v/v) FBS and 1% (v/v) penicillin–streptomycin, but without riboflavin and phenol red to reduce background fluorescence. For wide-field and confocal time-lapse imaging, SiR–Hoechst, SYTO 61 (Life Technologies) and Vybrant DyeCycle Ruby (Life Technologies) were added between 30 min and 2 h before imaging at the concentrations as indicated in the main text.
A HeLa (‘Kyoto' strain) cell line stably co-expressing H2B-mRFP and MyrPalm-mEGFP18 (link), was used for live-cell microscopy experiments. H2B-mRFP was imaged as a reference marker to quantify cell proliferation, mitotic duration and chromosome missegregation in the control cells (dimethylsulfoxide) that were not stained with SiR–Hoechst. HeLa cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) penicillin–streptomycin (Sigma), 0.5 μg ml−1 puromycin and 500 μg ml−1 G418. For live-cell imaging experiments, cells were grown either in LabTek II chambered coverslips (ThermoScientific) or 96-well plastic-bottom plates (μclear; Greiner Bio-One Ltd.), in DMEM containing 10% (v/v) FBS and 1% (v/v) penicillin–streptomycin, but without riboflavin and phenol red to reduce background fluorescence. For wide-field and confocal time-lapse imaging, SiR–Hoechst, SYTO 61 (Life Technologies) and Vybrant DyeCycle Ruby (Life Technologies) were added between 30 min and 2 h before imaging at the concentrations as indicated in the main text.
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antibiotic G 418
Buffers
Cell Lines
Cell Proliferation
Cells
Chromosomes
Culture Media
Fetal Bovine Serum
Fluorescence
HeLa Cells
HEPES
Microscopy
Penicillins
Puromycin
Riboflavin
Strains
Streptococcal Infections
Streptomycin
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Most recents protocols related to «Riboflavin»
Example 2
100 mg of the Sarcodon aspratus extracts according to the present invention;
an appropriate amount of a vitamin mixture;
70 μg of vitamin A acetate;
1.0 mg of vitamin E;
0.13 mg of vitamin B1;
0.15 mg of vitamin B2;
0.5 mg of vitamin B6;
0.2 μg of vitamin B12;
10 mg of vitamin C;
10 μg of biotin;
1.7 mg of nicotinic acid amide;
50 μg of folate;
0.5 mg of calcium pantothenate;
an appropriate amount of a mineral mixture;
1.75 mg of ferrous sulfide;
0.82 mg of zinc oxide;
25.3 mg of magnesium carbonate;
15 mg of potassium phosphate monobasic;
55 mg of dicalcium phosphate;
90 mg of potassium citrate;
100 mg of calcium carbonate; and
24.8 mg of magnesium chloride.
The composition ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture described above may be determined according to a composition ratio used in general functional health foods, and the combination ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture may be arbitrarily determined. According to a conventional method of preparing functional health foods, these components are mixed, granules are prepared, and the granules are used to prepare a composition for a functional health food.
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Ascorbic Acid
Biotin
Carbonate, Calcium
Cobalamins
Cytoplasmic Granules
dicalcium phosphate
ferrous sulfide
Folate
Functional Food
magnesium carbonate
Magnesium Chloride
magnesium citrate
Minerals
Niacinamide
Pantothenate, Calcium
Potassium
Potassium Citrate
potassium phosphate
retinol acetate
Riboflavin
Sarcodon aspratus
Thiamine
Vitamin A
Vitamin B6
Vitamin E
Vitamins
Zinc Oxide
Example 6
This example provides a representative example of an aqueous solution to be used in a method described herein. The composition may contain the following ingredients:
The aqueous solution is formulated in physiological saline and adjusted to about pH 7.4, thereby minimizing any injecting pain beyond the needle prick. In addition, the aqueous solution may be optionally supplemented with a preservative (e.g., benzyl alcohol), a chemical stabilizer (e.g., gentisic acid), and/or an additional bioactive agent (e.g., platelet-rich plasma) depending on anticipated delivery method, shelf-life, and intended effects.
Example 7
The purpose of this example is to evaluate the efficacy of a composition described herein in treating the signs of aging present on facial skin. A composition is prepared as in Example 6.
Two groups of human subjects (8-10 subjects per group) are injected with the composition or physiological saline (control) twice a day for a period of 29 days. At the end of the 29 day test period, the subjects are polled regarding various aspects of the effectiveness of the composition described herein in treating and/or minimizing signs of aging present on the skin. The following aspects of the composition described herein are evaluated:
-
- (1) effectiveness of the composition described herein in improving the smoothness and/or softness of skin (i.e., making the skin feel smoother and softer following treatment);
- (2) effectiveness of the composition described herein in improving the overall appearance of skin;
- (3) effectiveness of the composition described herein in evening out skin tone and texture;
- (4) effectiveness of the composition described herein in improving the clarity and/or radiance of skin;
- (5) effectiveness of the composition described herein in making the skin look younger; and
- (6) effectiveness of the composition described herein in making wrinkles appear softer and/or less prominent.
- (7) effectiveness of the composition described herein in increasing the degree of hydration of the skin.
Patients treated with the composition exhibit improvement in one or more of the symptoms described herein.
Example 8
The purpose of this example is to evaluate the efficacy of a composition described herein in treating the signs of aging present on facial skin. A composition is prepared as in Example 6.
Two groups of human subjects (8-10 subjects per group) are injected with the composition or physiological saline (control) on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90 of treatment. At the end of the 90-day test period, the subjects are polled regarding various aspects of the effectiveness of the composition described herein in treating and/or minimizing signs of aging present on the skin. The following aspects of the composition described herein are evaluated:
-
- (1) effectiveness of the composition described herein in improving the smoothness and/or softness of skin (i.e., making the skin feel smoother and softer following treatment);
- (2) effectiveness of the composition described herein in improving the overall appearance of skin;
- (3) effectiveness of the composition described herein in evening out skin tone and texture;
- (4) effectiveness of the composition described herein in improving the clarity and/or radiance of skin;
- (5) effectiveness of the composition described herein in making the skin look younger; and
- (6) effectiveness of the composition described herein in making wrinkles appear softer and/or less prominent.
- (7) effectiveness of the composition described herein in increasing the degree of hydration of the skin.
Patients treated with the composition exhibit improvement in one or more of the symptoms described herein.
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the embodiments. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments described herein may be employed. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the embodiments and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.
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Ascorbic Acid
Benzyl Alcohol
Cobalamins
Face
Feelings
gentisic acid
Needles
Niacin
Niacinamide
Obstetric Delivery
Pain
Pantothenic Acid
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preservatives
physiology
Platelet-Rich Plasma
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
Riboflavin
Saline Solution
Skin
Skin Pigmentation
Sodium Riboflavin Phosphate
Sterility, Reproductive
Thiamine
Vitamin B6
Vitamins
Youth
Zinc Sulfate, Heptahydrate
Example 5
An aqueous solution containing the following ingredients:
-
- about 1500 to about 6250 meg cobalamin (vitamin B12);
- about 150 to about 250 mg ascorbic acid (vitamin C);
- about 30 to about 50 mg nicotinamide (vitamin B3);
- about 4.5 to about 7.5 mg thiamine (vitamin B1);
- about 0.1 to about 0.3 mg pyridoxine HCl (vitamin B6);
- about 2.7 to about 4.5 mg riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (vitamin B2);
- about 7.5 to about 15 mg pantothenic acid (vitamin B5);
- about 0.08 to about 0.125 mg Zinc sulfate heptahydrate; and
- about 1 ml q.s., sterile water for injection
The aqueous solution is formulated in physiological saline and adjusted an acceptable pH in the range of about 6.5 to about 7.5 to 7.4, thereby minimizing any injecting pain beyond the needle prick. The aqueous solution may be optionally supplemented with a preservative (e.g., from about 0.01% to about 2% benzyl alcohol), a chemical stabilizer (e.g., from about 0.01% to about 2% gentisic acid), and/or an additional bioactive agent (e.g., from about 0.01% to about 2% hyaluronic acid) depending on anticipated delivery method, shelf-life, and intended effects.
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5'-O-(6-O-malonylglucopyranosyl)pyridoxine
Ascorbic Acid
Benzyl Alcohol
Cobalamins
gentisic acid
Hyaluronic acid
Needles
Niacin
Niacinamide
Obstetric Delivery
Pain
Pantothenic Acid
Pharmaceutical Preservatives
physiology
Riboflavin
Saline Solution
Sodium Riboflavin Phosphate
Sterility, Reproductive
Thiamine
Vitamin B6
Vitamins
Zinc Sulfate, Heptahydrate
Example 3
Clostridium histolyticum ATCC 21000, strain 004 was inoculated into the starting culture with M #1 or M #2 and incubated at 37° C. for 16 hours. Ten milliliters of the starting culture (M #1 or M #2) and 10 mL Mg/vitamin solution (prepared separately by dissolving 8 g MgSO4, 1.2 g ferrous sulfate, 0.05 g riboflavin, 0.1 g Niacin, 0.1 g Calcium pantothenate, 0.1 g pimelic acid, 0.1 g pyridoxine, and 0.1 g thiamine in 1100 mL water, followed by sterilization by 0.22 μm filtration) was then transferred to each liter of M #3 or M #4 (or a variation thereof), and incubated for 22 hours. Clostridium histolyticum grew well with the OD600 reaching >2.5.
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Clostridium histolyticum
Fermentation
ferrous sulfate
Filtration
Niacin
Pantothenate, Calcium
Pimelic Acid
Pyridoxine
Riboflavin
Sterilization
Strains
Sulfate, Magnesium
Thiamine
Vitamins
Example 3
Clostridium histolyticum ATCC 21000, strain 004 was inoculated into the starting culture with M #1 or M #2 and incubated at 37° C. for 16 hours. Ten milliliters of the starting culture (M #1 or M #2) and 10 mL Mg/vitamin solution (prepared separately by dissolving 8 g MgSO4, 1.2 g ferrous sulfate, 0.05 g riboflavin, 0.1 g Niacin, 0.1 g Calcium pantothenate, 0.1 g pimelic acid, 0.1 g pyridoxine, and 0.1 g thiamine in 1100 mL water, followed by sterilization by 0.22 pm filtration) was then transferred to each liter of M #3 or M #4 (or a variation thereof), and incubated for 22 hours. Clostridium histolyticum grew well with the OD600 reaching >2.5.
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Clostridium histolyticum
Fermentation
ferrous sulfate
Filtration
Niacin
Pantothenate, Calcium
Pimelic Acid
Pyridoxine
Riboflavin
Sterilization
Strains
Sulfate, Magnesium
Thiamine
Vitamins
Top products related to «Riboflavin»
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Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It serves as a core component in various biological processes, including energy metabolism and cellular respiration. Riboflavin plays a crucial role as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the conversion of food into energy. This product is often used in research and analytical applications where its specific properties and functions are required.
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Ascorbic acid is a chemical compound commonly known as Vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in various physiological processes. As a laboratory product, ascorbic acid is used as a reducing agent, antioxidant, and pH regulator in various applications.
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Methionine is an essential amino acid used in laboratory settings. It is a colorless, crystalline compound that serves as a building block for proteins and other biomolecules. Methionine is a key component in various biochemical processes and is utilized in experimental procedures within the scientific community.
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Nitroblue tetrazolium is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as an indicator for the detection of reducing substances, particularly enzymes that catalyze redox reactions. The compound undergoes reduction to form a dark blue, insoluble formazan product, which can be quantified to measure the activity or presence of the target analyte.
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Gallic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white to light tan crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H2(OH)3COOH. Gallic acid is commonly used in various analytical and research applications.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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L-methionine is an essential amino acid that is used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a building block for proteins and plays a role in cellular metabolism. L-methionine is commonly utilized in cell culture media, biochemical assays, and research studying protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism.
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
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Hydrogen peroxide is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the formula H2O2. It is a common laboratory reagent used for its oxidizing properties.