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Vitamin A

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in vision, immune function, and skin health.
It is involved in the maintenance of mucous membranes, bone growth, and red blood cell production.
Vitamin A can be obtained from animal sources, such as liver, eggs, and dairy products, as well as from plant-derived carotenoids like beta-carotene.
Deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to night blindness, dry skin, and increased susceptibility to infections.
Researching the optimal dosage and sourcing of Vitamin A can help optimize its beneficial effects and ensure proper intake for overall health and well-being.
PubCompare.ai can assist in this process by leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products from scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in your Vitamin A research.

Most cited protocols related to «Vitamin A»

1
Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) Improvements
The original DII was the first attempt to quantify the overall effect of diet on inflammatory potential(8 (link)). At that time 2700 articles published through 2007 were screened, and 929 were read and scored in formulating the index(10 (link)). In the original DII, literature review-based scores were multiplied by individuals’ actual intakes of food parameters, with no attempt to relate to any external standard of intake. While on the face appearing to be assumption-free, this approach is sensitive to the units of measurement. For example, μg and mg differ by three orders of magnitude and some parameters, such as vitamin A and β-carotene, had to be divided by 100 and others, such as n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, multiplied by 10 in order to place them in a ‘reasonable’ range so as not to over- or underestimate their influence on the overall score.
The new DII is improved in a number of ways. First, an improved scoring system has been applied to the forty-five ‘food parameters’, consisting of whole foods, nutrients and other bioactive compounds derived from a much larger literature review. Second, eleven food consumption data sets from around the world were identified that represent a range of human dietary intakes that serve as the ‘referent’ population database to provide comparative consumption data for these forty-five food parameters(11 –23 ). Third, a percentile scoring system was devised that serves as the actual values against which individuals’ intakes are multiplied in order to derive each individual's DII score.
Shivappa N., Steck S.E., Hurley T.G., Hussey J.R, & Hébert J.R. (2013). Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index. Public Health Nutrition, 17(8), 1689-1696.
Publication 2013
Acids, Omega-6 Fatty Carotene Diet Eating Face Food Homo sapiens Inflammation Nutrients Vitamin A
2
Cerebral Organoid Generation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Human H9 ES (WA09) were obtained from WiCell at passage 26 with verified normal karyotype and contamination-free. iPS cells were obtained from System Biosciences (SC101A-1) verified pluripotent and contamination free. All human PSC lines were regularly checked and confirmed negative for mycoplasma. PSCs were maintained on CF-1 gamma irradiated MEFs (Global Stem) according to WiCell protocols. On day 0 of organoid culture, ESCs or iPSCs less than passage 50 were dissociated from MEFs by dispase treatment and MEFs were removed by gravity separation of stem cell colonies from MEFs before trypsinization of stem cells to generate single cells. 4500 cells were then plated in each well of an ultra-low binding 96-well plate (Corning) in hES media with low bFGF (5-fold reduced) and 50uM ROCK inhibitor49 (link) (Calbiochem).
EBs were fed every other day for 6 days then transferred to low adhesion 24-well plates (Corning) in neural induction media containing DMEM/F12, 1:100 N2 supplement (Invitrogen), Glutamax (Invitrogen), MEM-NEAA, and 1ug/ml Heparin50 (link) (Sigma). These began forming neuroepithelial tissues, which were fed every other day for 5 days. On Day 11 of the protocol, tissues were transferred to droplets of Matrigel (BD Biosciences) by pipetting into cold Matrigel on a sheet of Parafilm with small 3mm dimples. These droplets were allowed to gel at 37C and were subsequently removed from the Parafilm and grown in differentiation media containing a 1:1 mixture of DMEM/F12 and Neurobasal containing 1:200 N2 supplement (Invitrogen), 1:100 B27 supplement without vitamin A (Invitrogen), 3.5ul/L 2-mercaptoethanol, 1:4000 insulin (Sigma), 1:100 Glutamax (Invitrogen), 1:200 MEM-NEAA.
After 4 days of stationary growth, the tissue droplets were transferred to a spinning bioreactor containing differentiation media as above except B27 supplement with vitamin A (Invitrogen) was used. Since retinoic acid has been shown to be important for neuronal differentiation in vivo52 (link), we included it in the final media used to differentiate the cerebral organoids.
Lancaster M.A., Renner M., Martin C.A., Wenzel D., Bicknell L.S., Hurles M.E., Homfray T., Penninger J.M., Jackson A.P, & Knoblich J.A. (2013). Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Nature, 501(7467), 10.1038/nature12517.
Publication 2013
2-Mercaptoethanol Bioreactors Cells Cell Separation Common Cold Dietary Supplements dispase Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome Gamma Rays Gravity Homo sapiens Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Insulin Karyotyping matrigel Mycoplasma Nervousness Neurons Organoids Pancreatic Stellate Cells Stem, Plant Stem Cells Tissues Tretinoin Vitamin A
3
Neural Induction and Differentiation of hESCs/iPSCs
hESCs or iPSCs were isolated from MEFs following dissociation to single cells with Accutase (Innovative Cell Technologies) by a 1 hr pre-plate on gelatin-coated dishes in hESC medium supplemented with 10 ng/ml FGF2 and 10 μM ROCK inhibitor (Calbiochem). The non-adherent pluripotent stem cells were harvested and plated on Matrigel (BD) coated 12-well plates in MEF-conditioned hESC medium with 10 ng/ml FGF2. Once the cell culture reached 95% confluence, neural induction was initiated by changing the culture medium to a culture medium that supports neural induction, neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation (referred to as 3N medium), a 1:1 mixture of N2- and B27-containing media. N2 medium: DMEM/F12, N2 (GIBCO), 5 μg/ml Insulin, 1mM L-Glutamine, 100 μm non-essential amino acids, 100 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 50 U/ml Penicillin and 50 mg/ml Streptomycin; B27 medium: Neurobasal (Invitrogen), B27 with or without vitamin A (GIBCO), 200 mM Glutamine, 50 U/ml Penicillin and 50 mg/ml Streptomycin. 3N medium was supplemented with either 1 μm Dorsomorphin (Tocris) or 500 ng/ml mouse Noggin-CF chimera (R&D Systems), and 10 μm SB431542 (Tocris) to inhibit TGFβ signaling during neural induction 19 (link). Cells were maintained in this medium for 8-11 days, during which time the efficiency of neural induction was monitored by the appearance of cells with characteristic neuroepithelial cell morphology. Neuroepithelial cells were harvested by dissociation with Dispase and replated in 3N medium including 20 ng/ml FGF2 on poly-ornithine and laminin-coated plastic plates. After a further 2 days, FGF2 was withdrawn to promote differentiation. Cultures were passaged once more with Accutase, replated at 50,000 cells/cm2 on poly-ornithine and laminin-coated plastic plates in 3N medium and maintained for up to 100 days with a medium change every other day.
For quantitative RT-PCR, total RNA was isolated from three cultures at each timepoint (days 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) (Trizol, Sigma). Total RNA was reverse-transcribed and used for quantitative RT-PCR with primers specific to Foxg1 and Tbr2 using the Applied Biosystems 7000 system. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR with primers for Emx1, Dlx1, Nkx2.1, HoxB4 and Isl1 was carried out according to standard techniques on first strand, random-primed cDNA generated from total RNA extracted from cultures grown in the presence or absence of purmorphamine.
Shi Y., Kirwan P., Smith J., Robinson H.P, & Livesey F.J. (2012). Human cerebral cortex development from pluripotent stem cells to functional excitatory synapses. Nature neuroscience, 15(3), 10.1038/nn.3041.
Publication 2012
2-Mercaptoethanol 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide accutase Amino Acids, Essential Cardiac Arrest Cell Culture Techniques Cells Chimera Culture Media, Conditioned dispase DNA, Complementary dorsomorphin Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Gelatins Glutamine Human Embryonic Stem Cells Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Insulin Laminin matrigel Mus Nervousness Neuroepithelial Cells Neurogenesis Neurons NKX2-1 protein, human noggin protein Oligonucleotide Primers Ornithine Penicillins Pluripotent Stem Cells Poly A purmorphamine Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Streptomycin Transforming Growth Factor beta trizol Vitamin A
4
Neural Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells
For dissociating intact colonies of pluripotent stem cells from the layer of DR4 feeders, hiPSCs were exposed to a low concentration of dispase (Invitrogen: 17105-041; 0.7 mg/ml) for ~30 min. Suspended colonies were subsequently transferred into ultra-low-attachment 100 mm plastic plates (Corning) in hiPSC medium without FGF2. For the first 24 h (day 0), the medium was supplemented with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (EMD Chemicals). For neural induction, dorsomorphin (also known as compound C; Sigma 10 μM) and SB-431542 (Tocris, 10 μM) were added to the medium for the first five days. On the sixth day in suspension, the floating spheroids were moved to neural medium (NM) containing Neurobasal (Invitrogen: 10888), B-27 serum substitute without vitamin A (Invitrogen: 12587), GlutaMax (Invitrogen, 1:100), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μl streptomycin (Invitrogen). The NM was supplemented with 20 ng/ml FGF2 (R&D Systems) and 20 ng/ml EGF (R&D Systems) for 19 days with daily medium change in the first 10 days, and every other day for the subsequent 9 days. To promote differentiation of the neural progenitors into neurons, FGF2 and EGF were replaced with 20 ng/ml BDNF (Peprotech) and 20 ng/ml NT3 (Peprotech) starting at day 25, while from day 43 onwards only NM without growth factors was used for medium changes every four days.
Paşca A.M., Sloan S.A., Clarke L.E., Tian Y., Makinson C.D., Huber N., Kim C.H., Park J.Y., O’Rourke N.A., Nguyen K.D., Smith S.J., Huguenard J.R., Geschwind D.H., Barres B.A, & Paşca S.P. (2015). Functional cortical neurons and astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture. Nature methods, 12(7), 671-678.
Publication 2015
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide dispase dorsomorphin Feeder Cell Layers Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Growth Factor Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Nervousness Neurons Penicillins Pluripotent Stem Cells Serum Streptomycin Vitamin A Y 27632
5
Yeast Genetic Manipulation Using Plasmids and Selective Media
Propagation of plasmids was performed in chemically competent Escherichia coli DH5α according to manufacturer instructions (Z-competent™ transformation kit; Zymo Research, CA). All yeast strains used in this study are listed in Table 2. Under nonselective conditions, yeast was grown in complex medium (YPD) containing 10 g L−1 yeast extract, 20 g L−1 peptone, and 20 g L−1 glucose. Synthetic media (SM) containing 3 g L−1 KH2PO4, 0.5 g L−1 MgSO4·7H2O, 5 g L−1 (NH4)2SO4, 1 mL L−1 of a trace element solution as previously described (Verduyn et al., 1992 (link)), 1 mL L−1 of a vitamin solution (Verduyn et al., 1992 (link)) were used. When amdSYM was used as marker, (NH4)2SO4 was replaced by 0.6 g L−1 acetamide as nitrogen source and 6.6 g L−1 K2SO4 to compensate for sulfate (SM-Ac). Recycled markerless cells were selected on SM containing 2.3 g L−1 fluoroacetamide (SM-Fac). SM, SM-Ac, and SM-Fac were supplemented with 20 mg L−1 adenine and 15 mg L−1l-canavanine sulfate when required. In all experiments, 20 g L−1 of glucose was used as carbon source. The pH in all the media was adjusted to 6.0 with KOH. Solid media were prepared by adding 2% agar to the media described above.
Solis-Escalante D., Kuijpers N.G., Bongaerts N., Bolat I., Bosman L., Pronk J.T., Daran J.M, & Daran-Lapujade P. (2012). amdSYM, a new dominant recyclable marker cassette for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fems Yeast Research, 13(1), 126-139.
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Publication 2012
acetamide Adenine Agar Canavanine Carbon Cells Escherichia coli fluoroacetamide Glucose Nitrogen Peptones Plasmids Strains Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfates, Inorganic Trace Elements Vitamin A Yeast, Dried

Most recents protocols related to «Vitamin A»

1
Functional Health Food Composition
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

100 mg of the Sarcodon aspratus extracts according to the present invention;

an appropriate amount of a vitamin mixture;

70 μg of vitamin A acetate;

1.0 mg of vitamin E;

0.13 mg of vitamin B1;

0.15 mg of vitamin B2;

0.5 mg of vitamin B6;

0.2 μg of vitamin B12;

10 mg of vitamin C;

10 μg of biotin;

1.7 mg of nicotinic acid amide;

50 μg of folate;

0.5 mg of calcium pantothenate;

an appropriate amount of a mineral mixture;

1.75 mg of ferrous sulfide;

0.82 mg of zinc oxide;

25.3 mg of magnesium carbonate;

15 mg of potassium phosphate monobasic;

55 mg of dicalcium phosphate;

90 mg of potassium citrate;

100 mg of calcium carbonate; and

24.8 mg of magnesium chloride.

The composition ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture described above may be determined according to a composition ratio used in general functional health foods, and the combination ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture may be arbitrarily determined. According to a conventional method of preparing functional health foods, these components are mixed, granules are prepared, and the granules are used to prepare a composition for a functional health food.

US11857586B2. Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating gynecological diseases containing Sarcodon aspratus extracts as active ingredient (2024-01-02). None [KR]. Inventors: Hye Jin Woo [KR], Dae Ha Woo [KR].
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Patent 2024
Ascorbic Acid Biotin Carbonate, Calcium Cobalamins Cytoplasmic Granules dicalcium phosphate ferrous sulfide Folate Functional Food magnesium carbonate Magnesium Chloride magnesium citrate Minerals Niacinamide Pantothenate, Calcium Potassium Potassium Citrate potassium phosphate retinol acetate Riboflavin Sarcodon aspratus Thiamine Vitamin A Vitamin B6 Vitamin E Vitamins Zinc Oxide
2
Formulation and Characterization of UV-Protective Serum
Not available on PMC !

Example 14

Variables tested include: concentration of HA, concentration of zinc oxide, concentration of titanium dioxide, addition of vitamin C, and serum preparation method.

FIGS. 94A-94C are tables summarizing embodiments of cosmetic serums of the present disclosure with varying additives and concentrations of components suitable for protection against ultraviolet radiation (UV). Table 33 provides an embodiment of a hydrating serum of the present disclosure with vitamin C.

TABLE 33
Embodiment of Hydrating serum of
the present disclosure with vitamin C
% Silk Solution  1.0% w/v
(60 minute boil, 25 kDA)
Hyaluronic Acid 0.75% w/v
(sodium hyaluronate)
Lemongrass Oil20 uL/15 mL
silk solution
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate  6 g
Lactic Acid1.2 mL

A serum of the present disclosure can be made with from about 0.25% to about 10% sodium hyaluronate (increasing % results in more viscous serum). 0.5% to about 10% silk solutions can be used to prepare a serum of the present disclosure. A serum of the present disclosure can be clear and have a yellow tinted color. A serum of the present disclosure can have a pH=6. A serum of the present disclosure can have a lubricious texture that is rubbed in easily without residue.

Concentration of HA:

Hyaluronic acid (Sodium Hyaluronate) was tested as an ingredient in the UV silk serum due to its hygroscopic properties and widely accepted use in cosmetic products to promote hydration of skin. 1%, 2.5% and 5% HA solutions were tested. With increasing HA %, the serum became more viscous and gel like. 1% HA was not feasible for the UV serum due to the fact that the UV additives (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) are not water soluble and need to be dispersed. 1% HA was not viscous enough for dispersion and the UV additives precipitated out. 2.5% gave the best consistency based on preferred feel, texture and viscosity and was able to disperse the UV additives. 5% was a very thick, viscous serum.

Concentration of Mineral Filters: Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide:

Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide were explored as UV additives that are considered safe. These additives mechanically protect from UV radiation by forming a physical reflective barrier on the skin. Both are not soluble in water and must be dispersed for the current aqueous solution. Zinc oxide concentration varied from 2.5%, 3.75%, 5%, 5.625%, 10%, 12% and 15%. Titanium dioxide concentrations varied from 1.25%, 1.875%, 3%, 5% and 10%. Increasing the concentration of UV additives resulted in minor increases of white residue and how well dispersed the additives were, however if mixed well enough the effects were negligible. Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide were mixed together into serums in order to achieve broad spectrum protection. Zinc oxide is a broad spectrum UV additive capable of protecting against long and short UV A and UV B rays. However titanium dioxide is better at UV B protection and often added with zinc oxides for best broad spectrum protection. Combinations included 3.75%/1.25% ZnO/TiO2, 5.625%/1.875% ZnO/TiO2, 12%/3% ZnO/TiO2, 15%/5% ZnO/TiO2. The 3.75%/1.25% ZnO/TiO2 resulted in spf 5 and the 5.625%/1.875% ZnO/TiO2 produced spf 8.

Vitamin C:

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate was used as a vitamin C source. Formulations were created with the vitamin C concentration equal to that in the silk gel (0.67%). Formulations were also created with 20% sodium ascorbyl phosphate which is soluble in water.

Serum Preparation:

The vitamin C (sodium ascorbyl phosphate) must first be dissolved in water. Sodium hyaluronate is then added to the water, mixed vigorously and left to fully dissolve. The result is a viscous liquid (depending on HA %). The viscosity of the HA solution allows even dispersion of the zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and therefore HA must be mixed before addition of UV additives. The zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are then added to the solution and mixed vigorously with the use of an electric blender. Silk solution is then added and mixed to complete the serum formulation.

Chemical Filters:

A UV serum of the present disclosure can include one, or a combination of two or more, of these active chemical filter ingredients: oxybenzone, avobenzone, octisalate, octocrylene, homosalate and octinoxate. A UV serum of the present disclosure can also include a combination of zinc oxide with chemical filters.

In an embodiment, a UV serum of the present disclosure can be applied approximately 15 minutes before sun exposure to all skin exposed to sun, and can be reapplied at least every 2 hours. In an embodiment, a UV serum of the present disclosure includes water, zinc oxide, sodium hyaluronate, titanium dioxide, silk, and vitamin C or a vitamin C derivative such as sodium ascorbyl phosphate. In an embodiment, a UV serum of the present disclosure protects skin and seals in moisture with the power of silk protein. In an embodiment, a UV serum of the present disclosure improves skin tone, promotes collagen production and diminishes the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines with the antioxidant abilities of vitamin C. In an embodiment, a UV serum of the present disclosure delivers moisture for immediate and long-term hydration throughout the day with concentrated hyaluronic acid. In an embodiment, a UV serum of the present disclosure helps prevent sunburn with the combined action of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. In an embodiment, a UV serum of the present disclosure is designed to protect, hydrate, and diminish fine lines while shielding skin from harsh UVA and UVB rays. In an embodiment, the silk protein in a UV serum of the present disclosure stabilizes and protects skin while sealing in moisture, without the use of harsh chemical preservatives or synthetic additives. In an embodiment, the vitamin C/derivative in a UV serum of the present disclosure acts as a powerful antioxidant that supports skin rejuvenation. In an embodiment, the sodium hyaluronate in a UV serum of the present disclosure nourishes the skin and delivers moisture for long-lasting hydration. In an embodiment, the zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in a UV serum of the present disclosure shields skin from harmful UVA and UVB rays. The silk protein stabilization matrix in a UV serum of the present disclosure protects the active ingredients from the air, to deliver their full benefits without the use of harsh chemicals or preservatives. The silk matrix also traps moisture within the skin furthering the hydrating effect of the sodium hyaluronate.

US11857663B2. Stable silk protein fragment compositions (2024-01-02). Evolved By Nature, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Gregory H. Altman [US], Rebecca L. Lacouture [US], Rachel Lee Dow [US], Rachel M. Lind [US], Dylan S. Haas [US].
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Patent 2024
Acids Antioxidants Ascorbic Acid avobenzone Collagen Electricity Feelings Figs Furuncles homosalate Hyaluronic acid Minerals octinoxate octisalate octocrylene oxybenzone Pharmaceutical Preservatives Proteins Radiation Rejuvenation SERPINA3 protein, human Serum Serum Proteins Silk Skin Skin Pigmentation sodium ascorbyl phosphate Sodium Hyaluronate Strains Sunburn titanium dioxide Viscosity Vitamin A Vitamins west indian lemongrass oil Zinc Oxide
3
Diurnal Phosphorus Rhythms in Laying Hens
Hy-Line Brown laying hens were fed with a regular diet (corn-soybean meal-based; containing 0.32% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP); Table 1) start from 35 weeks of age. On the last day of age 40 weeks, a total of 60 hens that laid eggs between 07:30−08:30 were randomly selected to evaluate the daily phosphorus rhythms. Of them, 45 hens were euthanized for sample collection, and the other 15 hens were used to study the feed intake and calcium/phosphorus excretion rhythms. For sample collection, the 45 hens were sampled according the oviposition cycle: at oviposition, at 6, 12, 18 h post-oviposition, and at the next oviposition, respectively, with 9 hens sampled at each of the time point. The following samples were collected: blood (for serum), uterine (stored at −80 ℃, for Western-blotting analysis), femur (in 4% paraformaldehyde, for histological analysis) and kidney (stored at −80 ℃, for Western-blotting analysis). For the other 15 hens, the feed intake was recoded and the excreta was collected at the following intervals: from oviposition to 6 h post-oviposition, from 7 to 12 h post-oviposition, from 13 to 18 h post-oviposition, from 19 h post-oviposition to the next oviposition.

Composition and nutrient concentrations of basal diet (%, unless noted, as-is basis)

ItemLow phosphorusRegular phosphorus
Ingredients
 Corn56.6956.69
 Soybean meal25.7725.77
 Distillers dried grains with solubles4.004.00
 Calcium carbonate9.739.04
 Dicalcium phosphate-1.15
 Soybean oil1.511.51
 Sodium chloride0.260.26
 DL-Methionine0.180.18
 Choline chloride0.150.15
 Montmorillonite0.710.25
 Premix111
 In total100.00100.00
Nutrient levels
 Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg (calculated)2,6002,600
 Crude protein (calculated)16.516.5
 Total phosphorus (calculated/analyzed)0.34/0.340.53/0.49
 Non-phytate phosphorus (calculated)0.140.32
 Calcium (calculated/analyzed)3.50/3.473.50/3.52

1Provided per kilogram of diet: manganese 60 mg, copper 8 mg, zinc 80 mg, iodine 0.35 mg, selenium 0.3 mg, vitamin A 8000 IU, vitamin E 30 mg, vitamin K3 1.5 mg, thiamine 4 mg, riboflavin 13 mg, pantothenic acid 15 mg, nicotinamide 20 mg, pyridoxine 6 mg, biotin 0.15 mg, folic acid 1.5 mg, and cobalamin 0.02 mg

Yan J., Wang J., Chen J., Shi H., Liao X., Pan C., Liu Y., Yang X., Ren Z, & Yang X. (2023). Adjusting phosphate feeding regimen according to daily rhythm increases eggshell quality via enhancing medullary bone remodeling in laying hens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 14, 17.
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Publication 2023
Biotin BLOOD Calcium, Dietary calcium phosphate Cereals Choline Copper Corn Flour Corns Diet Eggs Feed Intake Femur Folic Acid Iodine Kidney Manganese Niacinamide Nutrients Oviposition Pantothenic Acid paraform Phosphorus Phytate Proteins Pyridoxine Riboflavin Selenium Serum Sodium sodium phosphate Soybean Flour Soybeans Specimen Collection Thiamine Uterus Vitamin A Vitamin B12 Vitamin E Vitamin K3 Western Blot Zinc-80
4
Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women
Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurement, and serum ferritin analysis by trained research assistants. The questionnaire contained data on socio-economic, obstetric, maternal perception, food consumption, dietary diversity, knowledge, attitude, and practices of pregnant women. In addition, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and maternal height measurements were taken. The nutritional status of the pregnant women was measured with non-stretchable MUAC tape and the reading value was taken to the nearest 0.1-cm. All measurements were performed threefold and the average value of two concordant readings was considered as the ultimate value. Pregnant women with average MUAC measurements of less than 23 cm were categorized as having “undernutrition” otherwise normal [25 , 26 (link)]. The questionnaire was initially prepared in English and translated to the local language (Afan Oromo) by individuals with good command of both languages. It was also pre-tested on 10% of the samples in Kersa District before actual implementation. Women’s hemoglobin concentration (in g/dL) was measured at each study site by well-trained medical technologists using HemoCue® Hb 301 system, according to the manufacturer’s instructions (HemoCue AB Ängelholm Sweden) which is a gold standard for fieldwork. A prick was done on the tip of the middle finger after the site was cleaned with disinfectant. The first drop of blood was cleaned off and the second drop was collected to fill the microcuvette which is then placed in the cuvette holder of the device for measuring hemoglobin concentration. Hemoglobin values were adjusted for altitude as per the Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) recommendation [27 ].
As the detailed description has been given elsewhere in a previous papers [23 (link), 24 (link)], the formerly validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 27 of the most common lists of food items consumed by the district community was used to assess the dietary diversity of the study participants [28 –33 ]. The food items in the FFQ were grouped into ten food groups, including cereal, white roots and tubers, pulse and legumes, nuts and seeds, dark green leafy vegetables, other vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables, meat, fish and poultry, dairy and dairy product, egg, other vegetables, and other fruits. The sum of each food group pregnant women consumed over seven days was calculated to analyze the dietary diversity scores (DDS) [32 (link)]. Furthermore, the dietary diversity score was converted into tertiles, with the highest tertile labeled as a "high dietary diversity score" whereas both lower tertiles combined were defined as a “low dietary diversity score". The food variety score (FVS) is the frequency of individual food items consumed during the reference period. Therefore, it was estimated by calculating each individual’s intake of the 27 food items over seven days.
Fite M.B., Tura A.K., Yadeta T.A., Oljira L, & Roba K.T. (2023). Factors associated with undernutrition among pregnant women in Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based study. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282641.
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Publication 2023
Arm, Upper BLOOD Cereals Dairy Products Diet Eating Fabaceae Face Ferritin Fingers Fishes Food Fowls, Domestic Fruit Gold Hemoglobin Malnutrition Meat Medical Devices Medical Technologist Mothers Nuts Plant Embryos Plant Leaves Plant Roots Plant Tubers Pregnant Women Pulse Rate Serum Vegetables Vitamin A Woman
5
Capture and Maintenance of Catalonian Wall Lizards
The animals used in this work were captured, maintained, and treated in accordance with the Spanish legislation, with authorization for the use for research purposes from the Valencian Council of Territory and Habitat (registry number 2007/4900). Experimental animals were adult Catalonian wall lizards (45–60 mm snout-vent length), P. liolepis (Sauria, Lacertidae), wild-caught in the province of Valencia (Spain) between the years 2007 and 2010. In all experiments, we used both male and female lizards indistinctively unless otherwise stated.
Prior to, and during the experimentation, the lizards were maintained in terraria with free access to water and a 14 h light/10 h dark cycle. The lizards were fed mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae) dusted with a vitamin supplement (Multicentrum, GSK) three times a week and occasionally with aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum).
González-Granero S., Font E., Desfilis E., Herranz-Pérez V, & García-Verdugo J.M. (2023). Adult neurogenesis in the telencephalon of the lizard Podarcis liolepis. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1125999.
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Publication 2023
Adult Animals Animals, Laboratory Aphids Dietary Supplements Females Hispanic or Latino Larva Lizards Males Pisum Tenebrio Vitamin A

Top products related to «Vitamin A»

1
Glutamax by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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GlutaMAX is a chemically defined, L-glutamine substitute for cell culture media. It is a stable source of L-glutamine that does not degrade over time like L-glutamine. GlutaMAX helps maintain consistent cell growth and performance in cell culture applications.
2
Dmem f12 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DMEM/F12 is a cell culture medium developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a balanced salt solution that provides nutrients and growth factors essential for the cultivation of a variety of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. The medium is formulated to support the proliferation and maintenance of cells in vitro.
3
N2 supplement by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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The N2 supplement is a laboratory-grade nitrogen enrichment solution used to support the growth and development of cell cultures. It provides an additional source of nitrogen to cell culture media, which is essential for cellular metabolism and protein synthesis.
4
Epidermal growth factor (egf) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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EGF is a lab equipment product from Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) protein. EGF is a growth factor that plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation.
5
B27 without vitamin a by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland, France
B27 without vitamin A is a cell culture supplement manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is designed to support the growth and maintenance of neuronal and other cell types in vitro. The supplement provides a defined set of nutrients, growth factors, and other components necessary for cell culture, but without the inclusion of vitamin A.
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Neurobasal medium by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, China, Australia, Israel, Ireland, Sweden, Austria
Neurobasal medium is a cell culture medium designed for the maintenance and growth of primary neuronal cells. It provides a defined, serum-free environment that supports the survival and differentiation of neurons. The medium is optimized to maintain the phenotypic characteristics of neurons and minimizes the growth of non-neuronal cells.
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B 27 supplement without vitamin a by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Australia
B-27 supplement without vitamin A is a specialized cell culture supplement developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is designed to support the growth and differentiation of neural cells and other cell types in vitro. The supplement provides a defined, serum-free formulation of essential nutrients, hormones, and other components required for optimal cell performance, while excluding vitamin A.
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Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Israel, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Gabon, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Brazil, Macao, India, Singapore, Poland, Argentina, Cameroon, Uruguay, Morocco, Panama, Colombia, Holy See (Vatican City State), Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Mexico, Thailand, Palestine, State of, Finland, Moldova, Republic of, Jamaica, Czechia
Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Israel, China, Canada, Australia, Japan, France, Italy, Switzerland, Denmark, Singapore, Spain, Brazil
The BFGF is a laboratory instrument designed for the controlled growth and expansion of cells. It provides a regulated and consistent environment for cell culture applications. The core function of the BFGF is to maintain optimal temperature, humidity, and gas composition to support the proliferation and differentiation of cells.
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B27 supplement by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Canada, China, Italy, France, Switzerland, Spain, Israel, Australia, Austria, Poland, Denmark, Palestine, State of
B27 supplement is a serum-free and animal component-free cell culture supplement developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is designed to promote the growth and survival of diverse cell types, including neurons, embryonic stem cells, and other sensitive cell lines. The core function of B27 supplement is to provide a defined, optimized combination of vitamins, antioxidants, and other essential components to support cell culture applications.

More about "Vitamin A"

Retinol, carotenoids, night blindness, mucous membranes, bone growth, red blood cells, GlutaMAX, DMEM/F12, N2 supplement, EGF, B27 without vitamin A, Neurobasal medium, B-27 supplement without vitamin A, Penicillin/streptomycin, BFGF