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Bronchoscopes

Bronchoscopes are medical devices used in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to examine the airways and lungs.
They are inserted through the nose or mouth and allow healthcare providers to visualize the trachea, bronchi, and other structures.
Bronchoscopes can be used to collect samples, remove foreign objects, or administer treatments.
They come in a variety of sizes and designs to accommodate different patient needs.
Proper selection and use of bronchoscopic protocols is essential for ensuring safe, reliable, and reproducible results.
Pubcompare.ai can help researchers identify the most effective bronchoscope protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, streamlining the research process and enhancing reproducibility.

Most cited protocols related to «Bronchoscopes»

1
Comprehensive M. abscessus Epidemiology

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Publication 2013
Antibiotics Bronchoscopes Bronchoscopy Culture Media Freezing Genetic Diversity Infection Inpatient Lung Mycobacterium Outpatients Patients Rivers Susceptibility, Disease Vision
2
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics in Young and Aged Cynomolgus Macaques
The SARS-CoV-2 strain 107 was obtained from the Guangdong Provincial CDC, Guangdong, China. Young ChRMs (#15011, #15333, #15335, and #15341) and aged ChRMs (#01055, #02059, #03055, and #04305) (Figure 1A) were intratracheally inoculated with 1×107 TCID50 SARS-CoV-2 in a 2 mL volume by bronchoscope. The animals were anaesthetized by Zoletil 50 (Virbac, France) and then used in the following experimental procedures. Body weight, rectal temperature, breathing rate, X-ray, serum biochemistry tests, routine blood tests, peripheral blood collection, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) collection, nose swab collection, throat swab collection, and rectal swab collection were performed before SARS-CoV-2 infection and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days post infection (dpi). Tracheal brush collection and blood gas analysis were performed before SARS-CoV-2 infection and at 3, 7, 11, and 15 dpi. Young (#15011 and #15335) and aged ChRMs (#02059 and #04305) were euthanized on 7 dpi and other animals on 15 dpi (Figure 1). All seven lung lobes were collected after left heart perfusion with pre-cooled phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
Song T.Z., Zheng H.Y., Han J.B., Jin L., Yang X., Liu F.L., Luo R.H., Tian R.R., Cai H.R., Feng X.L., Liu C., Li M.H, & Zheng Y.T. (2020). Delayed severe cytokine storm and immune cell infiltration in SARS-CoV-2-infected aged Chinese rhesus macaques. Zoological Research, 41(5), 503-516.
Publication 2020
Animals Blood Blood Gas Analysis Body Weight Bronchoscopes COVID 19 Heart Hematologic Tests Infection Lung Nose PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Perfusion Pharynx Phosphates Radiography Rectum Respiratory Rate Saline Solution SARS-CoV-2 Serum Strains Trachea Zoletil
3
Tuberculosis Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques
Four adult cynomolgus macaques (Macacca fasicularis) were obtained from Valley Biosystems (Sacramento, CA) and screened for M. tuberculosis and other comorbidities during a month-long quarantine. Each macaque had a baseline blood count and chemical profile and was housed according to the standards listed in the Animal Welfare Act and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. All animals were infected with barcoded M. tuberculosis strain Erdman via bronchoscopic instillation as previously published (5 (link), 32 (link)) and received an inoculum of 11 ± 5 CFU (determined by plating a direct sample of the inoculum and counting CFU after 3 weeks) (Table 1). All animals were followed with serial 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT imaging as previously described (10 (link), 12 (link), 13 (link)) to identify and track lesion formation and progression over time. As before, lesions were individually characterized by their date of establishment (scan date), size (millimeters), and relative metabolic activity as a proxy for inflammation ([18F]FDG standard uptake normalized to muscle [SUVR]). Lesions of ≥1 mm can be discerned by our PET/CT equipment. At necropsy, the final PET/CT scan was used to identify all lesions, and careful dissection of each lung lobe, all thoracic and peripheral lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidney was performed. All PET/CT-identified lesions and any additional granulomas (e.g., <1 mm) were harvested for analysis. To avoid barcode cross-contamination, individual granulomas were separately excised and processed. Gross pathology scoring was performed as previously described (5 (link)) to obtain an overall disease score for each monkey.
Martin C.J., Cadena A.M., Leung V.W., Lin P.L., Maiello P., Hicks N., Chase M.R., Flynn J.L, & Fortune S.M. (2017). Digitally Barcoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reveals In Vivo Infection Dynamics in the Macaque Model of Tuberculosis. mBio, 8(3), e00312-17.
Publication 2017
Adult Animals Animals, Laboratory Autopsy BLOOD Bronchoscopes Disease Progression Dissection F18, Fluorodeoxyglucose Glucose Granuloma Inflammation Kidney Liver Macaca Macaca fascicularis Monkey Diseases Muscle Tissue Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nodes, Lymph oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)- Quarantine Radionuclide Imaging Respiratory Therapy Scan, CT PET Spleen Strains
4
Airway Epithelial Gene Expression in Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Current and former smokers who were undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer at 28 sites in the United States, Canada, and Ireland (Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org) were enrolled in the Airway Epithelial Gene Expression in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer (AEGIS) trials (AEGIS-1 and AEGIS-2), two independent, prospective, multicenter, observational studies. Cytology brushes were used to collect epithelial cells from the normal-appearing mainstem bronchus during bronchoscopy. Results of the classifier analysis were not reported to physicians or patients. Exclusion criteria included an age less than 21 years, no history of smoking (defined as having ever smoked <100 cigarettes), and a concurrent cancer or history of lung cancer. Patients were followed until a diagnosis was established or until 12 months after bronchoscopy. A diagnosis of lung cancer was established at the time of bronchoscopy or subsequently by means of biopsy with the use of a transthoracic needle, a surgical biopsy, a second bronchoscopic examination, or another invasive procedure. The specific bronchoscopic method used (which is detailed in Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix) and any subsequent testing were at the discretion of the treating physician.
Patients who were defined as cancer-free had a specific diagnosis of a benign condition or radiographic stability or resolution at 12 months. Patients without a definitive diagnosis of cancer, a specific diagnosis of a benign condition, or stability or resolution at the 12-month follow-up were not included in further analyses. The treating physician assessed each patient’s pretest probability of having cancer before bronchoscopy with the use of a five-level scale (probabilities of <10%, 10 to 39%, 40 to 60%, 61 to 85%, and >85%). The study protocols (available at NEJM.org) were approved by the institutional review board at each center, and all patients provided written informed consent before enrollment. The study population is described in more detail in the Supplementary Appendix.
Silvestri G.A., Vachani A., Whitney D., Elashoff M., Smith K.P., Ferguson J.S., Parsons E., Mitra N., Brody J., Lenburg M.E, & Spira A. (2015). A Bronchial Genomic Classifier for the Diagnostic Evaluation of Lung Cancer. The New England journal of medicine, 373(3), 243-251.
Publication 2015
Biopsy Bronchi Bronchoscopes Bronchoscopy Cytological Techniques Diagnosis Epithelial Cells Ethics Committees, Research Gene Expression Lung Cancer Malignant Neoplasms Needles Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Physicians X-Rays, Diagnostic
5
Image-Guided Bronchoscopy Registration Optimization
The key step during image-guided bronchoscopy involves keeping the guidance system synchronized with the bronchoscope during navigation along an airway route. This requires aligning the virtual space with the real space. We do this by registering MDCT-based VB views ICT (u,v) to bronchoscopic video frames IV (u,v). Note that both of these image sources act as cameras imaging their respective 3D spaces during bronchoscopy, whereby each produces 2D endoluminal (interior) views of locations within the 3D airway tree (Fig. 1) [8 ], [37 ]. Before registration, the virtual space’s misalignment with the real space is given by an unknown 6-D pose vector
Θ=[αβγtxtytz]T where, per the standard camera-imaging geometry, (α, β, γ) are Euler rotation angles and (tx, ty, tz) specify translations along the three coordinate axes [59 ]. Image registration involves finding the optimal pose Θ = Θo that enables alignment of the two spaces. This requires solving the optimization problem
Θo=arg{minΘ∈NΘtC(ICTΘ,IV)} where IV (u,v) is the target bronchoscopic video frame,
ICTΘ(u,v) denotes a VB view moved an amount Θ from base view ICT (u,v), Θt is an initial estimate of the desired pose, NΘt specifies a local search neighborhood about Θt, and C(·, ·) is a cost function. After registration, both cameras will face the same World location, implying that the coordinate systems of the two spaces have become aligned.
This section describes our approach for addressing the registration problem (1). Section II-A lays out the basic camera geometry and elements for solving (1). Section II-B provides the mathematical theory and algorithms defining our registration framework. Finally, Section II-C gives implementation details.
Merritt S.A., Khare R., Bascom R, & Higgins W.E. (2013). Interactive CT-Video Registration for the Continuous Guidance of Bronchoscopy. IEEE transactions on medical imaging, 32(8), 1376-1396.
Publication 2013
Bronchoscopes Bronchoscopy Cloning Vectors Epistropheus Face Multidetector Computed Tomography Reading Frames Trees

Most recents protocols related to «Bronchoscopes»

1
Marmoset Model of Mycobacterium Intracellulare
The seven adult marmosets were inoculated endobronchially at the level of the main carina using a special narrow diameter bronchoscope with one mL of a 108 CFU/mL M. intracellulare obtained from the Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory at the UTHSCT. All procedures (bronchoscopy, blood draws and euthanasia) were conducted under ketamine anesthesia with the additional use of isoflurane anesthesia with bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the presence of veterinary staff. Each animal underwent assessment of serum chemistry, and complete blood count prior to inoculation and on the day of euthanasia. Because there are no previous comparable studies with this primate, we sacrificed a group of animals at 30 days and another group at 60 days to optimize the chance of recovering M. intracelluare as well as to define the time course of an evolving inflammatory response. Cytokine analysis was obtained prior to inoculation with M. intracellualre and on a weekly basis from day 0 to day 30 for all animals and again on day 60 for the animals sacrificed at day 60. All the animals had BAL performed prior to euthanasia at either 30- or 60-days post-inoculation. The animals were then taken directly to necropsy by a primate pathologist.
Peters J., Maselli D.J., Mangat M., Coalson J.J., Hinojosa C., Giavedoni L., Brown-Elliott B.A., Chan E, & Griffith D. (2023). A marmoset model for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0260563.
Publication 2023
Adult Anesthesia Animals Autopsy Bronchoalveolar Lavage Bronchoscopes Bronchoscopy Callithrix Complete Blood Count Cytokine Euthanasia Inflammation Isoflurane Ketamine Mycobacterium Myeloid Progenitor Cells Nocardia Pathologists Phlebotomy Primates Serum Vaccination
2
Tracheostomy Management in COVID-19 Patients
All patients included in this study were aged >18 years and had a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.
As is standard practice in our institution, the size and type of tracheostomy selected for insertion remained at the discretion of the senior ICU physician and/or Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeon. Percutaneous tracheostomy consisted of a small 1–2 cm horizontal incision in the anterior neck, just below the level of the cricoid cartilage. Blunt dissection was performed to the level of the pre-tracheal fascia, followed by cannulation of the trachea under bronchoscope guidance. The “Blue Rhino G2-Multi Percutaneous Tracheostomy Introducer Set” was used for all patients (COOK MEDICAL EUROPE LTD. Europe Shared Service Centre, O’Halloran Road National Technology Park Limerick, IRELAND).
The two patients who required surgical tracheostomies had these performed in the operating theatres. A horizontal incision was followed by dissection of the strap muscles and division of the thyroid isthmus to expose tracheal rings 2–4. Tracheal stay-sutures were applied to the tracheal rings above and below the tracheal incision. The endotracheal tube was then withdrawn with the ventilator placed in apnoea mode, the tracheostomy was inserted and the cuff immediately inflated to minimise aerosolisation. PEEP was maintained as far as possible throughout and apnoeic times, although not recorded, were kept to a minimum.
Staffing for percutaneous tracheostomy insertion comprised the minimum number of staff (three) required to safely perform the procedure (40 (link),60 (link)). This included an experienced ICU nurse, and either two Consultants, or a Consultant and a Fellow. All staff wore full personal protective equipment (PPE) including; FFP3 (N95) mask, full gown, gloves, goggles and hooded face shields (61 (link)-63 ). This complied with local infection control policies and conformed to World Health Organisation and Centre for Disease Control recommendations (44 (link),64 ,65 ). All patients were preoxygenated, sedated and muscle relaxed (62 (link),63 ). Ventilation was ceased prior to tracheal dilatation to minimise aerosolization, and correct positioning was confirmed with bronchoscopy, end-tidal capnography and chest X-ray (30 (link),31 (link),44 (link),48 (link),49 (link),60 (link)-63 ). The apnoea time was not recorded but kept at a minimum to reduce the risk of clinical harm and patient desaturation. Following insertion, cuff pressures were monitored and recorded four hourly and kept in the green zone of the manometer 20–30 cmH2O. Where leaks were apparent, cuffs were inflated to higher pressures to maintain tidal volumes.
We wished to determine the incidence of unplanned tracheostomy change, the reason for the change, and the tracheostomy inserted during the change. Unplanned tracheostomy change was defined as a change in the size or type of tracheostomy necessitated by clinical need, such as persistent leak or patient-ventilator dyssynchrony. Persistent leak and ventilator dyssnychrony was assessed clinically by the Consultant ICU physician. The requirement for tracheostomy change was determined clinically on a case-by-case basis. It did not include tracheostomy changes to facilitate respiratory weaning such as downsizing, or changing a cuffed to an uncuffed tracheostomy.
Each time an unplanned tracheostomy change was undertaken (outside of downsizing for weaning) the patient was deeply sedated and muscle relaxed. The tracheostomy was changed by mounting the introducer over a guidewire from the new sterile insertion set. This is standard practice in our institution. Where upsizing was required, the Blue Rhino dilator was used as described previously.
We also sought to assess time from intubation to tracheostomy insertion, time from ICU admission to tracheostomy, ICU LOS and time to decannulation, and to examine the changes, if any, in FiO2, PEEP and PP at the time of tracheostomy insertion and at days 1, 3 and 5 post insertion. The follow-up time to determine time to decannulation, overall outcome of mortality rate was 6 months post tracheostomy insertion.
McCauley P., Mohammed A., Casey M., Ramadan E., Galvin S., O’Neill J.P., Curley G., Sulaiman I., O’Brien M.E, & O’Rourke J. (2023). Tracheostomy insertion in COVID-19: insertion practice and factors leading to unplanned tube exchange. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 15(2), 410-422.
Publication 2023
Apnea Bronchoscopes Bronchoscopy Cannulation Capnography Consultant COVID 19 Cricoid Cartilage Diagnosis Dilatation Dissection Face Fascia Infection Control Institutional Practice Intubation Manometry Muscle Tissue Neck Nose Nurses Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pharynx Physicians Polymerase Chain Reaction Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Radiography, Thoracic Respiratory Rate Sterility, Reproductive Surgeons Sutures Thyroid Gland Tidal Volume Trachea Tracheostomy
3
Clinical and Functional Characteristics of IPF
Clinical findings at the time of diagnosis of IPF, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score (12 (link)), and pulmonary function test results, were retrospectively collected from the medical records. Pulmonary function tests, including percent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) and percent predicted diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (%DLco), were performed using a Chestac 8080 spirometer (Chest, Tokyo, Japan). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed via a flexible bronchoscope as previously described (13 (link)).
Arai T., Hirose M., Kagawa T., Hatsuda K, & Inoue Y. (2023). Interleukin-11 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: predictive value of prognosis and acute exacerbation. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 15(2), 300-310.
Publication 2023
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Bronchoscopes Chest Diagnosis Index, Body Mass Monoxide, Carbon Signs and Symptoms Spirometry Tests, Pulmonary Function
4
Multimodal Guidance for Transbronchial Biopsy
After local anesthesia with lidocaine and moderate sedation with intravenous midazolam, a UTB (BF-MP290F; Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan: distal-end diameter, 3.0 mm and working channel diameter, 1.7 mm) was advanced to engage the target bronchus using VBN (SYNAPSE VINCENT; Fujifilm Medical, Tokyo, Japan) and conventional fluoroscopy (Artis Zeego, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany). After reaching the target bronchus, a 1.4-mm R-EBUS probe (UM-S20-17S; Olympus Medical Systems) was advanced toward the lesion through the working channel under the guidance of conventional fluoroscopy. The obtained EBUS images were classified into three types based on the classification by Kurimoto et al. (17 (link)) (primary EBUS image). Type 1 EBUS images indicated “within”, type 2 indicated “adjacent to”, and type 3 indicated “invisible”. The type with a smaller image number was considered a better EBUS and CBCT image (Figures 1,2). After the EBUS image was obtained, a 1.5-mm biopsy forceps (FB-433D; Olympus Medical Systems) was introduced through the working channel of the UTB directly into the target bronchus under the guidance of conventional fluoroscopy without augmented fluoroscopy.
After the biopsy forceps engaged the target bronchus, CBCT was performed during breath-holding using a 6-s acquisition protocol with 400 projection images acquired over a 200-degree rotation (Artis Zeego, Siemens Healthcare). Multi-planar reconstruction images were generated automatically on a dedicated workstation (Syngo X Workplace, Siemens Healthcare). Based on the relationship between the lesion and the forceps position, we classified the obtained images into three groups, as described in our previous report (primary CBCT image) (14 (link)). Type 1 CBCT image indicated that the forceps clearly reached the inside of the target lesion, type 2 indicated that the forceps reached adjacent to the lesion, and type 3 indicated that the forceps did not reach the lesion. Type 1 EBUS and CBCT, type 2 EBUS and CBCT, and type 3 EBUS and CBCT were recognized as equivalent images. If the primary CBCT image was type 1, a biopsy was performed. If it was type 2 or 3, the three-dimensional re-navigation toward the lesion was determined on the CBCT image and re-navigation was performed using R-EBUS. In the re-navigation procedure, first, based on the multi-planar reconstruction image obtained from the CBCT image, it was determined whether the target bronchus was ventral or dorsal and lateral or medial to the current forceps tip position. It was also determined if the position of the bronchoscope tip needed to be adjusted. Next, while viewing the two-dimensional fluoroscopic image of the front or side, the position and direction of the tip of the bronchoscope were adjusted, and the R-EBUS probe was advanced in the direction of the target bronchus. This EBUS image was defined as the secondary EBUS image. Thereafter, CBCT was performed if required and defined as the secondary CBCT image. Subsequently, tertiary or more EBUS or CBCT images were obtained and defined as required. The best image obtained during the examination (smaller numbers in each image type) was defined as the best EBUS/CBCT image. We obtained six biopsy samples and two brushing samples and performed bronchial alveolar lavage with 20 mL saline. If the tip of the forceps did not reach the lesion, only bronchial alveolar lavage with 20 mL saline was performed.
Kawakita N., Toba H., Sakamoto S., Miyamoto N., Takashima M., Kawakami Y., Kondo K, & Takizawa H. (2023). Cone-beam computed tomography-guided endobronchial ultrasound using an ultrathin bronchoscope for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions: a prospective pilot study. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 15(2), 579-588.
Publication 2023
Biopsy Bronchi Bronchoalveolar Lavage Bronchoscopes Conscious Sedation Fluoroscopy Forceps Lidocaine Local Anesthesia Midazolam Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Saline Solution Synapses
5
CBCT-Guided Endobronchial RFA for Lung Tumor
Procedures were performed under general anaesthesia in a hybrid theatre with cone beam CT (CBCT) capability. Bronchoscopic navigation to the target airway was performed using standard videobronchoscopy (BF-P190; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Bronchoscopic navigation to target segment was aided by Archimedes planning software, as previously described [10 (link)]. Confirmation of position “on-target” with radial EBUS (UM-S20-17S; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) [11 (link)] was confirmed in all cases, and the augmented fluoroscopy function of CBCT was used to mark the proximal and distal margins of the tumour. The EBUS probe was removed, and the RFA probe was introduced via the GS (K201: SG200C; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) to a position within the airway inside the tumour margins determined by EBUS (online suppl. file 2a–d). Position of the catheter relative to target lesion, pleura, and fissures was confirmed with CBCT imaging (online suppl. file 2e, f), as previously described [12 (link)], and repositioning was performed if needed. Importantly, the location of deployment was pre-determined based on ensuring a minimum 2 cm distance to the pleura, fissure, and other sensitive structures; thus, the ideal location of the catheter for maximum coverage of the target lesion was not prioritized.
On completion of delivery of RF energy, repeat CBCT imaging was performed following removal of RF catheter and bronchoscope from the airway. Pre-operative CT chest was performed 1 day prior to planned surgical resection. Thoracoscopic lobectomy together with systematic nodal dissection was performed by a dedicated thoracic surgeon (PA). All patients were followed until 30 days post-resection.
Steinfort D.P., Antippa P., Rangamuwa K., Irving L.B., Christie M., Chan E., Marinelli B., Wang J., Yoneda K.Y., Raina S, & Herth F.J. (2023). Safety and Feasibility of a Novel Externally Cooled Bronchoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation Catheter for Ablation of Peripheral Lung Tumours: A First-In-Human Dose Escalation Study. Respiration, 102(3), 211-219.
Publication 2023
Bronchoscopes Catheters Chest CNTNAP1 protein, human Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Dissection Fluoroscopy General Anesthesia Hybrids Neoplasms Obstetric Delivery Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pleura Surgeons Thoracoscopes

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1
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More about "Bronchoscopes"

Bronchoscopes, also known as endoscopic devices or airway scopes, are essential medical instruments used in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
These versatile tools allow healthcare providers to visually examine the airways, including the trachea, bronchi, and surrounding structures.
Bronchoscopes come in a range of sizes and designs, such as the models UM-S20-17S, BF-260, BF-P260F, NA-201SX-4022, BF-UC260FW, BF-UC260F-OL8, K-201, BF-1T260, and EU-ME2, each tailored to accommodate different patient needs and clinical applications.
Bronchoscopic procedures, often abbreviated as 'bronchoscopy,' play a crucial role in the management of respiratory conditions.
These minimally invasive techniques allow healthcare providers to collect tissue samples, remove foreign objects, and administer treatments directly to the lungs and airways.
The proper selection and utilization of bronchoscopic protocols, as outlined in the UM-S20-20R manual, is essential for ensuring safe, reliable, and reproducible results.
Researchers and clinicians can leverage the power of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to identify the most effective bronchoscope protocols from the latest literature, preprints, and patents.
This streamlines the research process and enhances the reproducibility of findings, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and advancements in respiratory care.