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Endoscopes

Endoscopes are minimally invasive medical devices used to visualize the interior of the body.
They consist of a long, thin, flexible tube with a camera and light source at the tip, allowing for detailed inspection and diagnosis of various conditions.
Endoscopes are commonly used in the examination of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, joints, and other body cavities.
They enable healthcare providers to diagnose and treat a wide range of medical issues with greater precision and reduced patient discomfort.
The use of endoscopes has revolutionized modern medical pratice, providing valuable insights and enabling less invasive procedures.

Most cited protocols related to «Endoscopes»

Evaluating Endoscopic Severity in Ulcerative Colitis

Ten specialists in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, the authors) graded videos of flexible sigmoidoscopy according to their own practice, in the absence of clinical information. Twenty-four representative videos were selected to represent the widest range of UC activity, guided by the Mayo Clinic score (by PK and BRY) from a library of 670 videos recorded in a standard manner during clinical trials for the treatment of moderately active UC6 (link) (EUDRACT 2006-001310-32). Within each Mayo Clinic score stratum, consecutive videos were reviewed by one of the co-authors for image quality. Satisfactory quality recordings (sharp image, sufficient bowel preparation) were selected. Videos from fibreoptic endoscopes were discarded. Sixteen videos represented the complete range of severity; 24 videos enabled choice from additional videos in the mid-range of severity, most likely to be affected by interobserver variation. Each investigator was randomly assigned 16 of the 24 videos in randomised order using a set of Latin squares: a core set of eight videos that all investigators evaluated (two for each Baron score) and eight of 16 non-core videos, This kept the number of evaluations by each investigator in the 2–3 h session to a manageable number (16), while still having a common core set (8) and a broad overall pool of videos (24). Investigators were explicitly advised not to apply the Baron index themselves, to avoid biasing their overall assessment of severity in relation to this index. To assess potential scoring differences based on the length of the video,11 (link) each investigator had two pairs that were shortened from 10–15 min to approximately 5 min, giving a total of 18 videos for each investigator to view. Descriptors of endoscopic severity were selected from previous studies.3 (link)
8 (link)
9 (link)
12 (link)
13 (link) Investigators recorded the presence or absence of 11 descriptors. Overall severity was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS, between 0=completely normal and 100=worst ever seen).
To substantiate variability in endoscopic assessment, the level of the Baron index derived from the assessments by investigators was compared with the level assigned by the central reader in the original trial.7 The precise wording of definitions and video clips illustrating anchor points on three-, four- or five-point Likert scales of severity for each descriptor, were subsequently agreed by consensus during a video teleconference between investigators (table 1).

Travis S.P., Schnell D., Krzeski P., Abreu M.T., Altman D.G., Colombel J.F., Feagan B.G., Hanauer S.B., Lémann M., Lichtenstein G.R., Marteau P.R., Reinisch W., Sands B.E., Yacyshyn B.R., Bernhardt C.A., Mary J.Y, & Sandborn W.J. (2011). Developing an instrument to assess the endoscopic severity of ulcerative colitis: the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS). Gut, 61(4), 535-542.

Publication 2011

BAD protein, human cDNA Library Clip Endoscopes Endoscopy Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Intestines Proctosigmoidoscopy Specialists Vision Visual Analog Pain Scale

Esophageal Manometry and pH Monitoring

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2018

Antimony Atmospheric Pressure Catheters Conscious Sedation Endoscopes Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Esophagus Fentanyl Manometry Midazolam Neoplasm Metastasis Pressure Swallows Upper Esophageal Sphincter

GI Cancer Surveillance in Eastern Golestan

The majority of cancer patients in eastern Golestan present first to the local general practitioners or to the medical and surgical specialists in the area, and only a small group of patients are first diagnosed in major cities outside the area. Before the study began, the investigators contacted all of the local medical practitioners and asked them to refer their patients with suspected GI tract cancers to the Atrak Clinic. From August 2001 to August 2003, 682 patients were referred to the Atrak Clinic. Based on the results of a recent cancer surveillance study and an ongoing cancer registration in Golestan Province, we have shown that approximately 70% of the incident cases of oesophageal cancer recorded in the eastern part of Golestan Province during the study period were referred to the Clinic (unpublished data), so the results of this report may be generalised to represent the experience of eastern Golestan Province.
All the 682 patients referred to the Atrak Clinic were suspected of having upper GI cancers. After signing an informed consent, the patients were interviewed by a physician using a structured questionnaire and underwent physical examination followed by oesophago-gastro-duodenal videoendoscopy. Intravenous Midazolam (5 mg) and 10% lidocaine spray to the pharynx were used as premedication. Local medical specialists, who had been given specific training, performed the endoscopies using Olympus GIF-XQ230 and Pentax EG-2900 video endoscopes. At least four biopsies were obtained from all of the tumours that were found during endoscopy and standard biopsies were taken from the antrum, the gastric body (lesser curvature), the cardia and the oesophagus in all patients. Two more biopsies were taken from columnar-lined distal oesophagus, if such tissue existed. The endoscopic data were entered on predesigned forms, and the location of the tumours was either captured and registered electronically (90% of the tumours), or precisely drawn on a specially designed form. An experienced endoscopist (R Malekzadeh) reviewed both the endoscopic reports and the captured images to confirm the exact site of the tumours. Biopsy specimens were oriented and spread on strips of filter paper and fixed immediately in 10% buffered formalin. The samples were sent to the DDRC, in Tehran, where they were embedded, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined by experienced DDRC pathologists (M Sotoudeh and B Abedi).
The cancers were classified into four groups: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA). Adenocarcinomas of the stomach were classified as intestinal or diffuse type using Lauren's classification criteria (Lauren, 1965 ). Gastric cardia tumours were defined as adenocarcinoma with an estimated point of origin within 1 cm proximal or 3 cm distal of the oesophago-gastric junction.
The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the DDRC and the US National Cancer Institute.

Islami F., Kamangar F., Aghcheli K., Fahimi S., Semnani S., Taghavi N., Marjani H.A., Merat S., Nasseri-Moghaddam S., Pourshams A., Nouraie M., Khatibian M., Abedi B., Brazandeh M.H., Ghaziani R., Sotoudeh M., Dawsey S.M., Abnet C.C., Taylor P.R, & Malekzadeh R. (2004). Epidemiologic features of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers in Northeastern Iran. British Journal of Cancer, 90(7), 1402-1406.

Publication 2004

Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma Of Esophagus Antral Barrett Esophagus Biopsy Cardia Duodenum Endoscopes Endoscopy Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Eosin Esophageal Cancer Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Esophagus Ethics Committees, Research Formalin Gastrointestinal Cancer General Practitioners Human Body Intestines Lidocaine Malignant Neoplasms Midazolam Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Operative Surgical Procedures Pathologists Patients Pharynx Physical Examination Physicians Premedication Specialists Stomach Stomach Neoplasms Strains Tissues

Surgical Workflow for Endonasal Pituitary Surgery

This process aimed to generate a surgical workflow that captured the range of ways the operation is performed in contemporary practice. The aim of the process was not to decide on the optimal set of surgical phases, steps or instruments—this will be explored in subsequent studies. In order to create this exhaustive workflow, expert input was derived through an iterative, mixed-methods consensus process (Fig. 1). The components of the workflow analysis and associated definitions are listed in Table 1 [13 (link), 33 (link)]. The beginning of the operation was taken at entry of the endoscope endonasally with the use of surgical instruments, reflecting the American College of Surgeons definition of surgery—“structurally altering the human body by the incision or destruction of tissues” [34 ].Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of Delphi process – highlighting the generation of a surgical workflow through iterative consensus from Pituitary Society expert members

Table 1

Definitions of operative workflow terminology per domain

Domain	Definition	Example
Phase	A major event occurring during a surgical procedure, composed of several steps [13 (link)]	Nasal phase (endonasal pituitary surgery)—encompassing the beginning of surgery until entry into the sphenoid sinus
Step	A sequence of activities used to achieve a surgical objective [13 (link)]	Displacement of middle turbinate (endonasal pituitary surgery)
Instrument	A tool or device for performing specific actions (such as cutting, dissecting, grasping, holding, retracting, or suturing) during a surgical step	Kerrison Rongeur
Technical error	Lapses in operative technique whilst performing a surgical step [33 (link)]	Drilling the sella too far laterally (endonasal pituitary surgery)
Adverse event	An intraoperative event which is a result of a technical error and has the potential to lead to a post-operative adverse outcome/complication [33 (link)]	Carotid artery injury—as a result of drilling the sella too far laterally (endonasal pituitary surgery)

Marcus H.J., Khan D.Z., Borg A., Buchfelder M., Cetas J.S., Collins J.W., Dorward N.L., Fleseriu M., Gurnell M., Javadpour M., Jones P.S., Koh C.H., Layard Horsfall H., Mamelak A.N., Mortini P., Muirhead W., Oyesiku N.M., Schwartz T.H., Sinha S., Stoyanov D., Syro L.V., Tsermoulas G., Williams A., Winder M.J., Zada G, & Laws E.R. (2021). Pituitary society expert Delphi consensus: operative workflow in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection. Pituitary, 24(6), 839-853.

Publication 2021

Carotid Artery Injuries Endoscopes Human Body Medical Devices Nose Operative Surgical Procedures Postoperative Complications Sphenoid Bone Surgeons Surgical Instruments Tissues Turbinates

Outbreak Investigation: Endoscope Disinfection Protocols

Different intervention measures were taken at different stages of the outbreak investigation, as follows:

Intervention A: from August 21, 2018, cleaning and disinfection of the surfaces of objects in the outpatient cystoscope room was strengthened, the hand hygiene and aseptic operation of staff was standardized, and the cleaning and disinfection of the endoscopes in the outpatient cystoscope room was supervised.

Intervention B: from September 13, 2018, the endoscopes in the outpatient cystoscope room were sent to the disinfection center each day after the last time of use, the rigid endoscope was sterilized by high temperature and high pressure, and the flexible endoscope was sterilized with ethylene oxide. Each endoscope was sterilized once per day. A manual endoscopic traceable record was established.

Intervention C: from October 26–28, 2018, the outpatient cystoscope room was closed for 3 days, and complete terminal disinfection and sterilization of all endoscopes was carried out. Each flexible endoscope was used only once per day for one patient, and then sterilized with ethylene oxide.

Intervention D: the anesthetic gel product was recalled on November 26, 2018. After this point the outbreak was terminated.

Du M., Song L., Wang Y., Suo J., Bai Y., Xing Y., Xie L., Liu B., Li L., Luo Y, & Liu Y. (2021). Investigation and control of an outbreak of urinary tract infections caused by Burkholderia cepacian-contaminated anesthetic gel. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 10, 1.

Publication 2021

Anesthetics Asepsis Cystoscopes Disinfection Endoscopes Endoscopy Fever Muscle Rigidity Outpatients Oxide, Ethylene Patients Pressure

Most recents protocols related to «Endoscopes»

Robust Endoscopic Imaging Module Design

Not available on PMC !

Example 6

FIG. 5 is a view showing a relevant part of the endoscope according to a modified example of the aforementioned embodiments and is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the imaging module as seen in the X-direction.

As shown in FIG. 5, the imaging module 10 has a configuration in which the outside of the light-shielding member 90 is covered with a housing 110. The length of the housing 110 in the Z-direction is shorter than that of the rigid-portion length L. As a material of the housing 110, a material with biological compatibility may be selected. For example, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, or ceramic such as alumina or zirconia may be used.

Inside the housing 110, the inner surface of the housing 110 comes into contact with the light-shielding member 90 and is fixed thereto. In the above-described configuration, since the housing 110 is used, resistance to an external force such as bending is improved. Moreover, a gap between the inner surface of the housing 110 and the light-shielding member 90 is filled with resin, and the imaging module 10 may be fixed by the resin.

In the imaging module according to the modified example 6, the same effects as the effects obtained by the aforementioned embodiments are obtained, and it is possible to achieve the imaging module 10 having a high degree of strength.

US11857168B2. Imaging module, endoscope, and catheter (2024-01-02). Fujikura Ltd. [JP]. Inventors: Takeshi Ishizuka [JP], Kenichi Ishibashi [JP], Daisuke Murakami [JP], Yoshinobu Numasawa [JP].

Patent 2024

Alumina Ceramic Aluminum Biopharmaceuticals Catheters Endoscopes Light Muscle Rigidity Resins, Plant Stainless Steel Titanium Vision zirconium oxide

Intravenous Prostate Tumor Visualization

Not available on PMC !

Example 2

20 mg of a compound of formula III in 10 ml of sterile water can be administered intravenously to patients. Laparoscopic ports can then be placed and the da Vinci Surgical System connected to the ports. The endoscope of the system can then be directed at the prostate of the patient, and laser excitation at approximately 800 nm can be used to excite the composition of formula III within the prostate. A small amount of blue and green light can also be emitted in order to allow visualization of the background anatomy. Approximately 2-24 hours after administration, visualization of the prostate and prostate tumor tissue can be achieved as the composition of formula III has bound to PSMA.

US11857645B2. Compositions of near IR closed chain, sulfo-cyanine dyes and prostate specific membrane antigen ligands (2024-01-02). Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Jonathan M. Sorger [US].

Patent 2024

compound 20 Endoscopes Laparoscopy Light Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Prostate Prostatic Neoplasms Sterility, Reproductive Tissues

Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Incision Techniques

After generally anesthetized under tracheal incubation, the patient was placed in a supine position on a pad positioner, with the neck gently extended using a mildly sloping pillow under the shoulder and neck. Place the operated side body close to the edge of the surgical bed (Figure 1A), and the arm was naturally abducted at about 90 degrees at the arm board (Figure 1B), which could be adjusted if the clavicle is higher than the thyroid isthmus. The monitor was placed contralateral, and the surgeon and assistant were seated on either side of the patient's arm (Figure 1C).
For the classical design (5 (link)), the main oblique incision (about 3.5–4.5 cm in length) was made along the armpit's first or second natural skin fold. It should not exceed the anterior axillary line, whereby the endoscope and surgical instrument were placed. In addition, we made a 0.5 cm small incision at the intersection of the axillary front line and the upper edge of the breast; the location was 3.0–4.0 cm underneath the main incision, whereby a 5 mm trocar, and the cannula was then inserted (Figures 2A,B). For the zero-line design, an oblique incision (about 3.5–4.5 cm in length) parallel to the armpit stripes was made about 2 cm from the axillary top. The front end should not exceed the anterior axillary line. Define the line connecting the intersection of the incision with the lateral border of the pectoralis major and the highest point of the clavicle as the zero-line. After that, define the intersection of the reverse extension line of zero-line and the anterior midline of the chest (midline of the sternum) as the apex point, then draw a straight line along a 30-degree counterclockwise angle. A 0.5 cm trocar incision is then made at the intersection of this line and the lateral border of the pectoralis major; the 30-degree angle could be slightly different due to right-handed habit. When choosing the site of the trocar incision for a female patient, the breast should be retracted inferiorly, and kept the chest skin flattened (Figures 2D,E).

Wang H., Liu R., Zhang C., Fang Q., Zeng Z., Wang W., You S., Fang M, & Dingtian J. (2023). Modification and application of “zero-line” incision design in total endoscopic gasless unilateral axillary approach thyroidectomy: A preliminary report. Frontiers in Surgery, 10, 1121292.

Publication 2023

Axilla Breast Cannula Chest Clavicle Endoscopes Human Body Neck Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pectoralis Major Muscle Shoulder Skin Sternum Surgeons Surgical Instruments Thyroid Gland Trachea Trocar Woman

Radial Incisional Stricture Dilation Protocol

The RIC procedure was performed as described previously (
Video 1)
7 (link)
. The patients received pethidine hydrochloride and/or midazolam immediately before the start of the RIC procedure. All RIC procedures were performed with an IT diathermic knife (KD-610 L, IT knife/IT knife-2, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) using ordinary-sized endoscopes (GIF-Q260, Q260 J, or H290; Olympus) by expert endoscopists who had performed more than 100 cases of esophageal ESD. The RIC procedure was as follows: (1) the stricture area was incised radially using an IT knife; (2) an imaginary line that connects the esophageal lumen on the oral side and the lumen on the anal side was assumed; (3) a vertical incision was performed radially to the stricture along this line; (4) the incision area was sliced off; (5) the surface of the tight fibrotic area was shaved with a short-pronged blade of the IT knife; (6) the lumen was scraped with biopsy forceps as needed; (7) steps three to six were repeated; and (8) we confirmed that an ordinary-sized endoscope could pass through the stricture site; we used a thinner endoscope (XP260, XP260N, or XP240; Olympus) in the case of severe stricture. In addition, steroid (triamcinolone acetonide basically 50 mg) was injected into the stricture site immediately after RIC, mainly in cases with the long stricture at the discretion of the endoscopist although there were no clear criteria. The same method was performed for the repeated RIC. RIC procedures were basically performed at outpatient clinic. The patients rested at recovery room for 2 hours after the RIC procedure, and they were allowed to drink water after rest. And they were also allowed food intake at 4 hours after the RIC procedure.

Kano Y., Kadota T., Inaba A., Sunakawa H., Takashima K., Nakajo K., Murano T., Shinmura K., Yoda Y., Ikematsu H., Akimoto T, & Yano T. (2023). Efficacy and safety of repeated endoscopic radial incision and cutting procedure for benign esophageal stricture. Endoscopy International Open, 11(3), E230-E236.

Publication 2023

Anus Biopsy Diathermy Eating Endoscopes Fibrosis Forceps Meperidine Midazolam Patients Stenosis Steroids Triamcinolone Acetonide

Repeated Refractory Esophageal Stricture Management

In this study, the outcomes were 3-month refractory stricture-free (RSF) rate, 6-month RSF rate, and AEs. These outcomes were evaluated and compared between the second RIC in the repeated RIC group (group consisting of patients who repeated RIC) and the first RIC in all patients and the repeated RIC group. In addition, these outcomes were evaluated according to the cause of stricture (surgical group) vs. ESD group and CRT group.
The RSF rate was defined as period from the date of RIC to that of the first event of re-refractory stricture (when an ordinary-sized endoscope could not pass through the esophagus despite repeated EBD more than six times and/or a repeated RIC), and patients without events were censored at the last date of contact for living patients. AEs were defined as: (1) perforation; and (2) bleeding requiring blood transfusion.

Publication 2023

Blood Transfusion Endoscopes Esophagus Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Stenosis

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More about "Endoscopes"

Endoscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure that allows healthcare providers to visually examine the interior of the body using specialized instruments called endoscopes.
These flexible, thin tubes are equipped with a camera and light source, enabling detailed inspection and diagnosis of various conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, joints, and other body cavities.
Endoscopes come in a variety of models and sizes, each designed for specific medical applications.
Some common types include the GIF-Q260, GIF-H260Z, GIF-H260, VIO300D, GIF-Q260, GIF-H290Z, GIF-H290, FD-410LR, and GIF-HQ290.
These devices, along with the KD-611L, offer healthcare professionals advanced capabilities for precise diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of medical issues.
The use of endoscopes has revolutionized modern medical practice, providing valuable insights and enabling less invasive procedures.
This technology has significantly reduced patient discomfort and improved clinical outcomes, making it an essential tool in the modern healthcare arsenal.
By leveraging the power of AI and data-driven insights, researchers and clinicians can further optimize endoscope-based solutions, driving innovation and enhancing patient care.