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Membranes, Artificial

Membranes, Artificial: Synthetic or engineered membranous structures designed to mimic the properties and functions of natural biological membranes.
These artificial membranes can be used for a variety of applications, such as filtration, drug delivery, and energy production.
They are often composed of polymers, lipids, or other materials and can be engineered to have specific permeability, selectivity, and structural characteristics.
Artificial membranes have the potential to revolutionize fields like tissue engineering, bimolecular research, and environmental remediation.
Discover the latest advancements in this rapidly evolving field of membrane technology.

Most cited protocols related to «Membranes, Artificial»

Neonatal Porcine Skin and Skin Simulants for Microneedle Penetration Assessment

Full thickness neonatal porcine skin can be considered a good model for human skin in terms of hair sparseness and physical properties (Meyer, 1996 (link)). It was obtained from stillborn piglets and excised <24.0 h after birth. Full thickness skin (≈0.5 mm) was then stored in aluminium foil at −20.0 °C until further use. Two sections of skin were placed together, with the dermal side contacting each other, such that the stratum corneum surface was exposed at either side, giving a total skin thickness of about 1 mm. This was then utilised for the OCT assessment of MN penetration.
As an alternative to neonatal porcine skin, Parafilm M^® (PF) film and a needle testing polyurethane film were used as skin simulants. A sheet of Parafilm was folded to get an eight-layer film (≈1 mm thickness) and a poly(urethane) needle testing film (Deka^®) was used as received (0.4 mm thickness). The skin/Parafilm^® was then placed onto a sheet of expanded poly(ethylene) for support.
Two insertion methods were carried out: manual and Texture Analyser insertion. For manual insertion, different volunteers were recruited to apply the MN arrays following the same instructions as in the force measurement experiment. The Texture Analyser insertion was performed using a TA.XTPlus Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK) in compression mode. MN arrays were placed on the surface of the skin/artificial membrane and sticky tape (Office Depot, Boca Raton, USA) was carefully applied on the upper surface without applying force (Fig. 1D). The probe was lowered onto the skin/artificial membrane at a speed of 0.5 mm s⁻¹ until the required force was exerted. Forces were held for 30 s and varied from 10 N to 50 N per array. Once the target force was reached, the probe was moved upwards at a speed of 0.5 mm s⁻¹.

Larrañeta E., Moore J., Vicente-Pérez E.M., González-Vázquez P., Lutton R., Woolfson A.D, & Donnelly R.F. (2014). A proposed model membrane and test method for microneedle insertion studies. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 472(1-2), 65-73.

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Publication 2014

Aluminum ARID1A protein, human Birth Brown Oculocutaneous Albinism Hair Homo sapiens Infant, Newborn Membranes, Artificial Needles Physical Processes Pigs Poly A Polyethylenes Polyurethanes Skin Skin, Artificial Tissue, Membrane Urethane Voluntary Workers

Collecting and Infecting Anopheles Mosquitoes with P. vivax

Isolates of P. vivax were collected from symptomatic patients enrolled in the study after giving written informed consent at the Thai malaria clinic (SMRU) in Tak province, Mae Sod Malaria Clinic (Thailand Ministry of Public Health) in Tak province, and through recruitment via the village malaria workers network and the local health centers in the Mundolkiri Province in Cambodia. A sample of P. vivax-infected blood was drawn by venipuncture into heparin tubes. Thick and thin Giemsa-stained smears were prepared after removal of white blood cells (WBCs). A diagnostic PCR was used to confirm microscopic identification that P. vivax was the only Plasmodium species present in the samples used for the study^{77 (link)}.
The mosquito infections for P. vivax were performed using a colony of An. dirus (Bangkok strain), An. cracens^{78 (link)} or An. dirus B in Cambodia. Briefly, 150 μL of RBC pellet from infected patient blood samples was suspended in pooled normal AB human serum to 50% hematocrit. Next, 300 μL of the suspension was fed for 30 min to 5–7 days old female mosquitoes via an artificial membrane attached to a water-jacketed glass feeder maintained at 37 °C. Engorged mosquitoes were kept on 10% sucrose solution and maintained at 26 °C and 80% humidity until dissected. Salivary glands of mosquitoes 14–16 days after infection were dissected and collected as described above. Studies including freshly dissected P. vivax sporozoites were performed at Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand, and Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. For some LS studies, mosquitoes carrying P. vivax oocysts were shipped, still pre-infectious, from AFRIMS to the University of South Florida following permit approval by the Thai Ministry of Health, US Center for Disease Control, US Department of Agriculture, and Florida Department of Agriculture.

Roth A., Maher S.P., Conway A.J., Ubalee R., Chaumeau V., Andolina C., Kaba S.A., Vantaux A., Bakowski M.A., Thomson-Luque R., Adapa S.R., Singh N., Barnes S.J., Cooper C.A., Rouillier M., McNamara C.W., Mikolajczak S.A., Sather N., Witkowski B., Campo B., Kappe S.H., Lanar D.E., Nosten F., Davidson S., Jiang R.H., Kyle D.E, & Adams J.H. (2018). A comprehensive model for assessment of liver stage therapies targeting Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. Nature Communications, 9, 1837.

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Publication 2018

Blood Culicidae Diagnosis Heparin Homo sapiens Humidity Infection Leukocytes Malaria Membranes, Artificial Microscopy Military Personnel Oocysts Patients Phlebotomy Plasmodium Salivary Glands Serum Sporozoites Strains Sucrose Thai Volumes, Packed Erythrocyte Woman Workers

Gestational Age Calculation and Preterm Birth

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Publication 2019

Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture Gestational Age Gold Gynecologist Labor, Induced Membranes, Artificial Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician phthalate Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications Premature Birth Premature Obstetric Labor Ultrasonography Urine

Mosquito Infection Profiling Protocol

For the expression profiling experiments, two groups of mosquitoes from the same rearing culture were used per replicate: the test group fed on blood donated by a gametocyte carrier, whereas the control group fed on the same blood which was previously incubated at 42–43°C for 12 min under constant shaking at 500 rpm for gametocyte inactivation. For the gene silencing experiments, we also used two groups of freshly emerged female mosquitoes per gene and per replicate, also separated randomly from the same rearing culture in small containers. The first group was subjected to silencing of the examined gene whereas the second control group was injected with dsRNA of the LacZ gene. In both cases, the two groups were housed under the same microclimate and treated identically, both before and after the blood feeding.
Mosquitoes were allowed to feed via a membrane on blood donated by P. falciparum gametocyte carries. To eliminate transmission blocking immunity factors, the carrier serum was replaced by non-immune AB serum [51] (link). Blood samples (700 µl each) were transferred into pre-warmed (37°C) artificial membrane feeders and exposed to mosquitoes that were previously starved for 12 hours, according to standard procedures [21] (link). To determine the levels of infection, mosquito midguts were dissected 8–10 days post blood feeding and stained with 2% mercurochrome before microscopic examination.

Mendes A.M., Schlegelmilch T., Cohuet A., Awono-Ambene P., De Iorio M., Fontenille D., Morlais I., Christophides G.K., Kafatos F.C, & Vlachou D. (2008). Conserved Mosquito/Parasite Interactions Affect Development of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa. PLoS Pathogens, 4(5), e1000069.

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Publication 2008

blocking factor BLOOD Culicidae DNA Replication Females Genes Gene Silencing Immune Sera Infection LacZ Genes Membranes, Artificial Mercurochrome Microclimate Microscopy Response, Immune RNA, Double-Stranded Serum Tissue, Membrane Transmission, Communicable Disease

Mosquito Infection with Arboviruses

Mosquitoes were orally infected with DENV2 or DENV4 via artificial membrane feeding, as previously described [8 ,15 (link)]. In brief, C6/36 cells grown to 80% confluence were infected with DENV2, DENV4, or ZIKV at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3.5 and incubated at 32°C and 5% CO₂ for 6 days. The infected cells were then harvested and lysed through 3 cycles of freezing and thawing (between dry ice and a 37°C water bath). CHIKV was amplified on Vero cells at an MOI of 0.01 and harvested approximately 36 h later. The propagation yielded virus titers of 10⁶ to 10⁷ PFU/ml. The viruses were then mixed 1:1 v/v with commercial human blood and supplemented with 10% human serum and 1 mM ATP. The bloodmeal was offered to mosquitoes via an artificial membrane feeding system. Each experiment was performed in at least two to three biological replicates, as indicated. Plaque assays for DENV2 were performed in the BHK cell line, while CHIKV and ZIKV were titrated on Vero cell monolayers, and plaques were visualized by staining with 1% crystal violet. TCID50 assays for DENV4 were performed in C6/36 cells and visualized using peroxidase immunostaining, with monoclonal antibody 4G2 (a flavivirus group-specific monoclonal antibody) [16 (link)] as the primary antibody and a goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate as the secondary antibody. All procedures involving DENV and ZIKV infections were performed in a BSL2 environment, and procedures involving CHIKV infections were performed in a BSL3 environment.

Jupatanakul N., Sim S., Angleró-Rodríguez Y.I., Souza-Neto J., Das S., Poti K.E., Rossi S.L., Bergren N., Vasilakis N, & Dimopoulos G. (2017). Engineered Aedes aegypti JAK/STAT Pathway-Mediated Immunity to Dengue Virus. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(1), e0005187.

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Publication 2017

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Bath Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Blood Cell Lines Cells Culicidae Dental Plaque Dry Ice Flavivirus Goat Homo sapiens Horseradish Peroxidase Immunoglobulins Infection Membranes, Artificial Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Peroxidase Senile Plaques Serum Tissue, Membrane Titrimetry Vero Cells Violet, Gentian Virus Virus Diseases Zika Virus Zika Virus Infection

Most recents protocols related to «Membranes, Artificial»

High-Throughput Permeability Screening

The DMSO stock of each compound was diluted with phosphate buffer (PBS 25 mM, pH 7.4) to a final concentration of 500 µM in order to obtain the “donor”. For GI and BBB permeability, filters were coated with 10 µL of 1% w/v dodecane phosphatidylcholine solution or 5 µL of 10% w/v CHCl₃/dodecane brain polar lipid solution. The donor (150 µL) was poured over the artificial membranes on the filter plate. DMSO/PBS (300 µL, 1:1 v/v) was then added to the acceptor wells. After assembling the sandwich plates, the experiments were run for 5 h at room temperature (RT). Lastly, the amount of compound passed though the artificial membranes was determined using the UV/LC–MS method described above. Apparent permeability (Papp) and membrane retention (MR%) were determined as previously described [24 (link),25 (link)].

Poggialini F., Vagaggini C., Brai A., Pasqualini C., Crespan E., Maga G., Perini C., Cabella N., Botta L., Musumeci F., Frosini M., Schenone S, & Dreassi E. (2023). Biological Evaluation and In Vitro Characterization of ADME Profile of In-House Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Active against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 453.

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Publication 2023

1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine Brain Buffers Chloroform Lipids Membranes, Artificial n-dodecane Permeability Phosphates Phosphatidylcholines Retention (Psychology) Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tissue, Membrane Tissue Donors

Synthesis and Characterization of βCD-Mel Complex

To synthesize the βCD–Mel complex, the saturated solutions method was employed [13 (link),14 (link),15 (link),17 (link),82 (link),83 (link)]. In total, 0.2025 g of Mel were dissolved in ethanol and then added to a solution of βCD (0.7530 g dissolved in water) at 4 °C with gentle and constant stirring, allowing the temperature to rise slowly up to room temperature. The new solution was kept motionless under a hood for one week until the evaporation of the solvents. Finally, small crystals precipitated at the bottom of the crystallizer were extracted and washed with a 50% v/v solution (ethanol/water) at 4 °C and vacuum filtered for one hour in a kitasate with a Büchner funnel equipped with a double layer of filter paper, to remove the excesses of cyclodextrin, drug or solvents that moisten the complex. The crystals were then pulverized and dried in a vacuum line to remove the water or ethanol, which may remain occluded in the powder, then stored in amber vials with a Teflon seal. The new βCD–Mel complex was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), NMR of one (¹H) and two (ROESY) dimensions, UV-vis spectroscopy for calculating the loading capacity, degree of solubilization, complexation efficiency, and association constant. The complex was also used for a permeability study called PAMPA (parallel artificial membrane permeability assay).

Sierpe R., Donoso-González O., Lang E., Noyong M., Simon U., Kogan M.J, & Yutronic N. (2023). Solid-State Formation of a Potential Melphalan Delivery Nanosystem Based on β-Cyclodextrin and Silver Nanoparticles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3990.

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Publication 2023

Amber Biological Assay Cyclodextrins Ethanol Membranes, Artificial Permeability Pharmaceutical Preparations Phocidae Powder Solvents Spectrum Analysis Teflon Vacuum X-Ray Diffraction

Skin Permeation Studies Using Franz Diffusion Cell

The drug permeation studies were performed using a Franz diffusion cell (PermeGear Inc., Hellertown, PA, USA) with a 3.14 cm² diffusion area and a receptor volume of 10 mL. Strat-M membranes (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) were used as skin-mimic artificial membranes. Prior to the diffusion experiments, the membranes were soaked in PBS (pH 7.4), at room temperature, for 12 h. After that period, the membranes were placed between the donor and the receptor compartments, and the latter was filled with PBS. The system was maintained under constant magnetic stirring (500 rpm), and the temperature was controlled at 37 °C by a circulating water bath.
In each experiment, a cylindrical API-loaded hydrogel sample (1.7 cm diameter; 0.3–0.5 cm thickness) was applied to the membrane. To minimize evaporation, the donor compartment and sampling port were occluded with parafilm. Periodically, a 400 µL sample was collected from the receptor compartment, and the same volume was replaced with a fresh and preheated receptor solution. Ibuprofen, caffeine, and diclofenac concentrations in the withdrawn solution were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Dionex Summit, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) using an Eclipse C18 column 4.6 × 250 mm (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with an amperometric detector. The analysis was performed at 25 °C, with acetonitrile-dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (65:35 v/v) as eluent, at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The salicylic acid concentration in the withdrawn solution was determined by HPLC, using a Luna C18 column 4.6 × 250 mm (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and 0.1% of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) used with the concentration of ACN varying from 12.5 to 100 to 12.5% in 0.1% TFA with the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The analysis was performed at 25 °C.

Araújo D., Rodrigues T., Roma-Rodrigues C., Alves V.D., Fernandes A.R, & Freitas F. (2023). Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Physical-Chemical Characterization, Stability, In Vitro Drug Permeation, and Biological Assessment in Primary Cells. Polymers, 15(4), 791.

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Publication 2023

acetonitrile Bath Caffeine Cells Diclofenac Diffusion High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hydrogels Ibuprofen Membranes, Artificial potassium phosphate, dibasic Salicylic Acid Skin Tissue, Membrane Tissue Donors Trifluoroacetic Acid

In Vitro Permeability Assessment of AA

A preliminary screen of the effects of individual components on the permeability of AA utilized an in vitro artificial skin permeability assay (Strat-M^®; EMD Millipore, Temecula, CA, USA). The artificial membrane served as a barrier between the donor and receptor compartment of a Franz diffusion cell system with a diffusion area of 0.785 cm² (Labfine, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea). The receptor compartment was filled with 5 mL phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), which was assumed to maintain a sufficient sink condition, with a solubility of 1.10 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Indeed, the PBS solubility level was 11.0-fold higher than the maximum drug concentration (100 µg/mL) maintained in receptor compartments with 100% permeability. The receptor solution was stirred at 600 rpm using a magnetic stirrer and the membrane surface was maintained at 32 °C with a heating system during the experiments. After 30 min of equilibration, 50 µL of 1% (w/w) AA in ethanol or AA–TFs (all equivalent to 500 µg AA) was added to the donor chamber (0.785 cm² permeation area). The receptor solution (500 µL) was collected at predetermined time points (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h) and the equivalent volume of fresh PBS (pH 7.4) was used to refill the receptor compartment. The collected samples were filtered with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (0.45-µm pore size). The cumulative amount of AA that permeated the artificial membrane was determined using an HPLC system with 254 nm detection, as previously described.

Pulat S., Subedi L., Pandey P., Bhosle S.R., Hur J.S., Shim J.H., Cho S.S., Kim K.T., Ha H.H., Kim H, & Park J.W. (2023). Topical Delivery of Atraric Acid Derived from Stereocaulon japonicum with Enhanced Skin Permeation and Hair Regrowth Activity for Androgenic Alopecia. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 340.

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Publication 2023

Biological Assay Buffers Cells Diffusion Ethanol High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Membranes, Artificial Permeability Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphates polyvinylidene fluoride Saline Solution Skin, Artificial Specimen Collection Tissue, Membrane Tissue Donors

Probing Ionic Asymmetry in Artificial Membranes

Typically, the artificial membrane is exposed to symmetric ionic conditions, consisting of 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl₂, and 0.2 mM NaHCO₃. Once the membrane forms, each monolayer separates the volume of buffer into top and bottom, allowing for selective tuning of buffer composition. We use this feature to explore the effects of ionic asymmetry by adding 50 µL of 200 mM CaCl₂ to the top chamber. After each addition, we wait 5 min and compress the bilayer, as previously described. We repeat this process to further increase ionic asymmetry, while keeping the membrane intact.

Zabala-Ferrera O., Liu P, & Beltramo P.J. (2023). Determining the Bending Rigidity of Free-Standing Planar Phospholipid Bilayers. Membranes, 13(2), 129.

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Publication 2023

Bicarbonate, Sodium Buffers Ions Membranes, Artificial Sodium Chloride Tissue, Membrane

Top products related to «Membranes, Artificial»

Matrigel by BD

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Canada, Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, Australia, Uruguay, Switzerland, Israel, India, Spain, Denmark, Morocco, Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Netherlands, Montenegro, Poland

Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.

Transwell chamber by Corning

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, Japan, Australia

Transwell chambers are a type of lab equipment used for cell culture and biological assays. They consist of a permeable membrane insert placed inside a well, allowing for the study of cell-cell interactions and the movement of molecules across a barrier. The core function of Transwell chambers is to provide a controlled environment for culturing cells and monitoring their behavior and permeability.

Artificial membrane feeder by Hemotek

Sourced in United Kingdom

The Artificial Membrane Feeder is a laboratory device designed to mimic the feeding mechanism of blood-feeding insects. It features an artificial membrane that allows for the delivery of various liquid substances, such as blood or other test solutions, to the test subject. The device is intended for use in a controlled laboratory setting for research and testing purposes.

Artificial membrane system by Hemotek

Sourced in United Kingdom

The Artificial Membrane System is a laboratory equipment designed for the in vitro study of membrane-related processes. It provides a controlled environment for the investigation of transport phenomena across artificial membranes. The system allows for the monitoring and analysis of parameters such as permeability, flux, and selectivity of various substances through the membrane.

Pampa by Pion Inc

Sourced in United States

PAMPA is a laboratory equipment designed to assess the permeability of compounds across artificial membranes. It provides a standardized and reproducible method for evaluating the ability of substances to pass through membrane barriers, which is a critical factor in drug development and absorption studies.

Matrigel by Corning

Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, France, Netherlands, Montenegro, Switzerland, Austria, Australia, Colombia, Spain, Morocco, India, Azerbaijan

Matrigel is a complex mixture of extracellular matrix proteins derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells. It is widely used as a basement membrane matrix to support the growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of various cell types in cell culture applications.

Mra 1000 by BEI Resources

The MRA-1000 is a laboratory instrument designed for the analysis of materials. The core function of the MRA-1000 is to perform material characterization and identify the composition of samples. The technical specifications and capabilities of the MRA-1000 are available upon request.

Uv plate by Pion Inc

The UV plate is a laboratory equipment designed to provide controlled ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. It features a UV light source that emits radiation within the UV spectrum, allowing for the uniform illumination of samples or materials placed on the plate.

Franz diffusion cell apparatus by PermeGear

Sourced in United States

The Franz Diffusion Cell Apparatus is a laboratory equipment used to measure the diffusion rate of materials across a membrane or barrier. It consists of two chambers separated by a sample holder that can accommodate a membrane or barrier material. The apparatus allows for the controlled introduction and monitoring of substances on both sides of the membrane, enabling the evaluation of diffusion properties.

Visking dialysis tubing by Serva Electrophoresis

Sourced in Germany

Visking® dialysis tubing is a semi-permeable membrane used for the separation and concentration of molecules based on their size and molecular weight. It allows the passage of small molecules and ions while retaining larger molecules, making it a useful tool in various laboratory applications.

More about "Membranes, Artificial"

Synthetic Membranes, Engineered Membranes, Biomimetic Membranes, Polymeric Membranes, Lipid Membranes, Nanomembranes, Microfluidic Membranes, Membrane Bioreactors, Membrane Filtration, Dialysis Membranes, Membrane Drug Delivery, Membrane Energy Harvesting, Tissue Engineering Membranes, Environmental Membranes, Artificial Bilayer Membranes, Artificial Cellular Membranes, Artificial Organelle Membranes, Membrane Characterization, Membrane Fabrication, Membrane Modeling, Membrane Optimization, Membrane Applications, Membrane Technology, Membrane Research, Membrane Innovation.
Artificial membranes, also known as synthetic or engineered membranes, are designed to mimic the properties and functions of natural biological membranes.
These advanced materials are revolutionizing fields like tissue engineering, bimolecular research, and environmental remediation.
Composed of polymers, lipids, or other innovative materials, artificial membranes can be engineered to have precise permeability, selectivity, and structural characteristics.
Cutting-edge tools like Matrigel, Transwell chambers, Artificial membrane feeders, PAMPA, and Franz Diffusion Cell Apparatuses are enabling researchers to study, develop, and evaluate these remarkable membranes.
Advancements in membrane technology, such as UV plate testing and MRA-1000 analysis, are driving innovation and enhancing reproducibility.
By leveraging AI-powered platforms like PubCompare.ai, scientists can streamline their membrane research, locate the best protocols, and make data-driven decisions to optimize their membranes.
The future of membrane technology is brimming with possibilities, from revolutionizing tissue engineering to revolutionizing energy production and environmental remediation.
Explore the latest advancements in this rapidly evolving field and unlock the full potential of artificial membranes.