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Microchip Analytical Devices

Microchip Analytical Devices are miniaturized systems that integrate multiple laboratory functions on a single chip to perform chemical or biological analyses.
These devices offer rapid, sensitive, and highh-throughput analysis, with applications in areas such as diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and drug discovery.
They often incorporate microfluidics, biosensors, and advanced detection methods to enable efficient sample handling and analysis.
Microchip Analytical Devices can provide significant advantages in terms of speed, cost, and portability compared to traditional laboratory instrumentation.
Thier compact size and integration of multiple functionalities make them a versatile tool for a wide range of analytical applications.

Most cited protocols related to «Microchip Analytical Devices»

Single-Cell RNA-Seq Library Preparation

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Publication 2015

Adjustment Disorders Buffers Cell-Derived Microparticles Cells Crossbreeding DNA, Complementary DNA Chips exodeoxyribonuclease I Hypersensitivity Kinetics Microchip Analytical Devices Oligonucleotide Primers RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase

Nucleic Acids Extraction and Microarray Analysis

Nucleic acids were extracted from tonsil specimens (Supplementary Fig. 3b) and PBMCs (patients 1 to 3 in Supplementary Fig. 4c) using AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini kits (Qiagen). For FL specimens (Fig. 2i, Fig. 3c), total RNA and genomic DNA were prepared and stored using TRIzol and RNeasy Midi Kits (Qiagen). Sufficient nucleic acid was confirmed for 80% of archival FL specimens after quality control assessment of a subset of these patients. Total RNA from FL samples was linearly amplified (3′ IVT Express, Affymetrix) prior to microarray hybridization. For all above samples, total cellular RNA (at least 300 ng) was assessed for yield (NanoDrop 2000, Thermo Scientific), and quality (2100 Bioanalyzer, Agilent), and cRNA was hybridized to HGU133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (Affymetrix) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
Two additional cohorts of PBMCs were analyzed in this study (Fig. 3a,b). For the first cohort (n = 20 subjects; Fig. 3a), PBMCs (~1×10⁶ viable cells per mL) were collected in 1 mL TRIzol (Invitrogen) and stored at −80 °C until use. Total RNA was isolated according to the TRIzol protocol (Invitrogen). Total RNA yield was assessed using the Thermo Scientific NanoDrop 1000 micro-volume spectrophotometer (absorbance at 260 nm and the ratio of 260/280 and 260/230). RNA integrity was assessed using a Bioanalyzer NANO Lab-on-a-Chip instrument (Agilent). Biotinylated, amplified antisense complementary RNA (cRNA) targets were prepared from 200 to 250 ng of total RNA using the Illumina RNA amplification kit (Life Technologies), and 750 ng of labeled cRNA was hybridized overnight to Human HT-12 V4 BeadChip arrays (Illumina). The arrays were then washed, blocked, stained and scanned on an Illumina BeadStation 500 following the manufacturer’s protocols. GenomeStudio software version 1.9.0 (Illumina) was used to generate signal intensity values from the scans. For the second cohort (Fig. 3b), PBMCs (1.4×10⁶ to 4.0×10⁶ cells per mL) from six healthy male adults were isolated and prepared as described in Supplementary Note and then frozen at −80 °C until use. Total cellular RNA ≥300 ng) was isolated from these six subjects along with viably preserved PBMCs from patient 4 (Supplementary Fig. 4c) using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) and assessed for yield (NanoDrop 2000, Thermo Scientific), and quality (2100 Bioanalyzer, Agilent). Total RNA was linearly amplified (3′ IVT Express, Affymetrix), and cRNA was hybridized to HGU133A microarrays (Affymetrix) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Newman A.M., Liu C.L., Green M.R., Gentles A.J., Feng W., Xu Y., Hoang C.D., Diehn M, & Alizadeh A.A. (2015). Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles. Nature methods, 12(5), 453-457.

Publication 2015

Adult Antisense RNA Cells Complementary RNA Crossbreeding Freezing Genome Homo sapiens Males Microarray Analysis Microchip Analytical Devices Nucleic Acids Palatine Tonsil Patients Radionuclide Imaging trizol

Neuronal Activity Imaging and Behavioral Assays

Aggregation and bordering behaviors were measured essentially as described2 (link); values report the average fraction of three or more behavioral assays of 150 animals each. Average locomotion speed was calculated by tracking 20 animals for 10 minutes with an automated tracking system30 (link).
For RMG-selective expression of transgenes, LoxP-flanked LacZ sequence containing a transcriptional stop, three repeated polyA sequences, and two repeated mRNA cleavage sequences was inserted upstream of npr-1::SL2::GFP under the control of the flp-21 promoter (flp-21::LoxStopLox::cDNA(GFP, npr-1, TeTx, or pkc-1(gf)). Transgenic animals containing this plasmid were crossed with animals expressing nCre under the ncs-1 promoter (ncs-1::nCre). Strong and consistent expression was observed in RMG and M2; ADL, ASJ, and ASK were seen weakly and inconsistently.
For ascaroside chemotaxis assays, washed animals were placed in the center of a 4-quadrant plate with ascarosides in alternating quadrants, and scored after ten minutes. A chemotaxis index (C.I.) was calculated as (# of animals on pheromone quadrants − # of animals on buffer quadrants)/(total # of animals). In the cartoon in Fig. 4a, C.I. = −0.6. In Fig. 4 a cocktail of three ascarosides was used; individual ascarosides and other combinations are in Supplementary Fig. 4.
Calcium imaging of the AIA and ASK neurons was performed in a custom-fabricated microfluidic device, essentially as described26 (link). For ASK imaging, the transgene kyEx2866 was used, with GCaMP2.2b (gift from Loren Looger) expressed under the sra-9 promoter. For AIA imaging, the transgene kyEx2916 was used, with GCaMP2.2b expressed under the T01A4.2 promoter. ASK fluorescence was recorded in the neuronal cell body, and AIA fluorescence was measured in the dorsal AIA process in the nerve ring.

Macosko E.Z., Pokala N., Feinberg E.H., Chalasani S.H., Butcher R.A., Clardy J, & Bargmann C.I. (2009). A Hub-and-Spoke Circuit Drives Pheromone Attraction and Social Behavior in C. elegans. Nature, 458(7242), 1171-1175.

Publication 2009

Animals Animals, Transgenic Biological Assay Buffers Calcium Cell Body Chemotaxis Cytokinesis DNA, Complementary Fluorescence GCaMP2 LacZ Genes Locomotion Microchip Analytical Devices Nervousness Neurons Pheromone Plasmids Poly A Repetitive Region RNA, Messenger Transcription, Genetic Transgenes Vision

Single-Cell RNA-seq Using Microfluidic Devices

For closed-environment format, microfluidic devices were first infused with PBS and pressurized to remove air bubbles inside the microwells using a manually operated syringe with outlet closed. The devices were filled with 1% BSA in PBS, and incubated at room temperature for 30 min to prevent attachment of cells and molecules on PDMS surfaces. Devices were then washed with PBS prior to cell and bead loading. To establish gravity-driven flow, device outlet was connected to a 10′ tubing with a one way stopcock connected at the end while the device inlet is left unconnected to serve as a reservoir. In this configuration, solutions were simply pipetted onto the inlet reservoir and withdrawn into the device through gravity-driven flow by adjusting the height difference between the inlet and the end of the tubing connected to outlet. The one way stopcock further allowed start/stop control over the fluid flow to facilitate cell and bead loading. Similarly, the flow could also be reversed by creating a higher hydrostatic pressure on the outlet side by adjusting the height of the tubing. During scRNA-seq experiments, a single cell suspension, 5000–10 000 cells in 50 μl PBS + 1%BSA solution, was pipetted on the inlet and withdrawn into the device. Once the channel was completely filled with cell solution, the fluid flow was stopped and cells were allowed to settle by gravity. Excess cells were washed out by PBS, and mRNA capture beads, 30 000–120 000 beads in 50–150 μl, were loaded similar to cells. Size exclusion and back-and-forth loading ensured loading of >99% of the microwells with a single bead. Excess beads were washed out with PBS, and 100–200 μl freeze-thaw lysis buffer was introduced into the devices. Fluorinated oil (Fluorinert FC-40), 100–200 μl in volume, was then withdrawn into the devices to seal the microwells. After oil sealing, the tubing at the outlet was disconnected, and the microfluidic devices were exposed to three freeze thaw cycles, 5 min freezing at –80°C freezer or dry ice/ethanol bath and 5 min thawing at room temperature. Following lysis, microfluidic device was incubated for an hour inside a wet chamber for mRNA capture onto beads. mRNA binding occurs in the freeze-thaw lysis buffer without the need for buffer exchange. After incubation, the inlet of the microfluidic device was connected to a syringe filled with 6× saline-sodium citrate (SSC) buffer and the outlet was connected to eppendorf tube with a tubing. The microfluidic device was then inverted and the beads were flushed out of the device into the tube by purging. Centrifugation of the microfluidic device in inverted orientation before purging or gentle tapping on the back of the microfluidic device with a tweezer during purging was used to help move the beads out of the microwells. We were able to recover >95% of the beads using this fashion. Collected beads were centrifuged at 1000g for 1 min, and washed twice with 6× SSC buffer prior to reverse transcription.

Dura B., Choi J.Y., Zhang K., Damsky W., Thakral D., Bosenberg M., Craft J, & Fan R. (2018). scFTD-seq: freeze-thaw lysis based, portable approach toward highly distributed single-cell 3′ mRNA profiling. Nucleic Acids Research, 47(3), e16.

Publication 2018

Bath Buffers Cell-Matrix Junction Cells Centrifugation Dry Ice Ethanol Fluorinert Freezing Gravity Hydrostatic Pressure Medical Devices Microchip Analytical Devices Reverse Transcription RNA, Messenger Saline Solution Single-Cell RNA-Seq Sodium Citrate Syringes

Single-Cell RNA-seq via Microfluidic Encapsulation

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Publication 2015

Anabolism Buffers Cells Centrifugation HFE-7500 Medical Devices Microchip Analytical Devices Surface-Active Agents Syringes

Most recents protocols related to «Microchip Analytical Devices»

Single-Cell RNA-Seq Library Preparation

Single-cell suspensions (1 × 10⁵ cells/mL) with PBS (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA) were loaded into microfluidic devices using a Singleron Matrix^® Single Cell Processing System (Singleron Biotechnologies). Subsequently, scRNA-seq libraries were constructed according to the protocol of the GEXSCOPE^® Single Cell RNA Library Kit (Singleron Biotechnologies) [57 (link)]. Briefly, a single-cell suspension was loaded onto the microchip to partition single cells into individual wells on the chip. Cell barcoding beads were loaded into the microchip and washed. Afterwards, 100 μL of single-cell lysis buffer was added to the chip to lyse the cells and capture mRNAs at room temperature for 20 min. The beads, together with the captured RNAs, were flushed out of the microchip and used for subsequent reverse transcription, cDNA amplification, and library construction. After size selection and purification, pools were sequenced on an Illumina Novaseq 6000 (San Diego, CA, USA) with 150 bp paired-end reads.

Yu J., Fu Y., Li Z., Huang Q., Tang J., Sun C., Zhou P., He L., Sun F., Cheng X., Ji L., Yu H., Shi Y., Gu Z., Sun F, & Zhao X. (2023). Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell landscape following antimony exposure during spermatogenesis in Drosophila testes. Cell Death Discovery, 9, 86.

Publication 2023

Buffers cDNA Library Cells DNA, Complementary DNA Chips Microchip Analytical Devices Reverse Transcription RNA RNA, Messenger Single-Cell RNA-Seq

Fabrication of Microfluidic Device for Droplet Manipulation

The microfluidic device was fabricated using a typical soft lithography replica molding technique^{35 (link)}. First, a channel mold with a height of 40 μm was fabricated on a silicon wafer (N100, University, USA) with SU-8 photoresist (2025, MicroChem, USA) using maskless lithography (SF-100 Xcel, Intelligent Micro Patterning, LLC, USA). Then, PDMS prepolymer base (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning, USA) was mixed with curing agent at a weight ratio of 10:1 by a conditioning mixer (AR-100, THINKY, JP). The mixture was poured onto the channel mold and cured at 65 °C for 4 h. Subsequently, the PDMS layer was peeled off from the mold, followed by bonding to a glass substrate through oxygen plasma treatment (PDC-002, Harrick, USA) and heating at 90 °C for 2 h. To fabricate the electrodes for droplet coalescence, empty channels were fabricated in the desired shapes on both sides of the main channel. A low-melting-point metal wire (52225, Indium Incorporation, USA) was then inserted into one end of the channel at 95 °C, and negative pressure was applied to another end to fill the whole channel with liquid metal. After further cooling for solidification, the electrodes were formed into desired shapes. The whole channel was treated with aquapel (PPG, USA) to guarantee stable droplet generation and manipulations.

Nan L., Mao T, & Shum H.C. (2023). Self-synchronization of reinjected droplets for high-efficiency droplet pairing and merging. Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 9, 24.

Publication 2023

AR 100 Fungus, Filamentous Indium Metals Microchip Analytical Devices Plasma Pressure Silicon Therapies, Oxygen Inhalation

Two-Layer Photolithographic Fabrication of PDMS Microfluidic Device

In a two-layer photolithographic process a silicon wafer, exhibiting the relevant structures as negative relief for subsequent PDMS molding, was fabricated in cleanroom facilities. By applying permonosulphuric acid and demineralised water, the respective 4-inch wafer (MicroChemicals, Germany) was cleaned. In the following, the wafer was spin coated and baked for 15 min at 200 °C for dehydration baking. Afterwards, SU-8 (10) negative photoresist (59% solid, micro resist Technology GmbH, Germany) was applied by spin coating to an 8.5 µm thick layer and pre-backed at 65 °C for 5 min and 95 °C for 10 min. A laser beam written 4-inch photomask (Deltamask, Netherlands) was utilized for the UV exposure step. The exposure time was set to 6 s in vacuum contact mode employing a mask aligner unit (MJB3, Süss MicroTec, Germany). Subsequently, the wafer was post-backed at 65 °C and 95 °C for 10 min and developed by a negative resist developer (mrDev 600, MircoChemicals, Germany). For the second layer, a 8.5 µm thick negative photoresist layer (59% solid) was spin coated onto the wafer. The following steps were alike the first photolithographic procedure. Finally, the wafer was baked at 200 °C for 30 min to seal cracks in the photoresist. To generate a microfluidic cultivation device from the fabricated wafer, PDMS base and curing agent (Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer, Dow Corning Corporation, USA) were mixed in a ratio of 10:1, poured onto the wafer, and degassed for 30 min using an exicator. In a following step, the polymer was cured for 2 h at 80 °C and subsequently cut from the wafer. Applying a biopsy puncher (0.75 mm diameter, Robbins Instruments, USA), inlets and outlets were introduced to the PDMS chip and it was rinsed with isopropanol; likewise, a glass substrate (76 × 26 × 1 mm microscope slides; VWR International GmbH, Germany) was cleaned. Afterwards, PDMS chip and glass substrate were O₂ plasma activated (Femto Plasma Cleaner, Diener Electronics, Germany) and assembled. To strengthen PDMS-glass bonding, the microfluidic cultivation device was baked for 1 min at 80 °C.

Schmitz J., Stute B., Täuber S., Kohlheyer D., von Lieres E, & Grünberger A. (2023). Reliable cell retention of mammalian suspension cells in microfluidic cultivation chambers. Scientific Reports, 13, 3857.

Publication 2023

Acids Biopsy Dehydration DNA Chips Isopropyl Alcohol Microchip Analytical Devices Microscopy Phocidae Plasma Polymers Silicon Silicone Elastomers Vacuum

Quantifying Diffusive Mass Exchange in Microfluidic Cultivation

To quantify diffusive mass exchange duration between supply channel and cultivation chamber for both chamber designs, ethanol-dissolved fluorescein (Macrolex yellow, Lanxess, Germany) was applied as trackable trace substance. The microfluidic cultivation device was primed with ethanol and subsequently fluorescein was flushed into the supply channels with a flow rate of 2 µL min⁻¹. For quantification, fluorescence images were exported as TIFF images and grey values were analyzed: The average grey value of the supply channel and cultivation chamber respectively after 900 s were set as 100% and the grey value at 0 s was set as 0%, so that relative fluorescence increase could be determined for every image. The analysis was performed for one cultivation chamber.

Publication 2023

Diffusion Ethanol Fluorescein Fluorescence Microchip Analytical Devices

Microfluidic Device for Live Cell Seeding

For cell seeding, the microfluidic cultivation device was mounted onto the stage of the live cell imaging microscope. Seeding itself was performed manually using a cell suspension containing single-use syringe with a cell density of 3 to 5 × 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹. For Design 1, the cell suspension was moved back and forth through the supply channels to seed cells into the adjacent cultivation chambers. When enough cells randomly entered the cultivation chambers, remaining cells were flushed out of the supply channels using cultivation medium. For Design 2, air was manually introduced into the supply channels in a controlled way (Supplementary Fig. S2, Supplementary Video S1), so that one channel was blocked and subsequent cell suspension flow was directed through the adjacent cultivation chamber. This way, cells were pushed through the narrow entrance of the respective chambers. This procedure must be performed gently to not shear the cells while forcing them past the barrier structure. Again, remaining cells were flushed out of the supply channels by cultivation medium. Following on cell loading, the microfluidic cultivation device was constantly perfused with medium with a flow rate of 2 µL min⁻¹ applying low pressure syringe pumps (neMESYS, CETONI, Germany) and 20 mL single-use syringes. Cultivation temperature and CO₂ atmosphere were kept constant at 37 °C respectively 5% by a microscope incubator system and an additional CO₂ incubation chamber (OKO Touch, Okolab S.R.L.; H201-K-FRAME GS35-M, Okolab S.R.L.).

Publication 2023

Atmosphere Cells Microchip Analytical Devices Microscopy Pressure Reading Frames Syringes Touch

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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

What are the key benefits of using Microchip Analytical Devices?

Microchip Analytical Devices offer several key advantages over traditional laboratory instrumentation. They provide rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput analysis, enabling faster turnaround times and more efficient sample processing. The miniaturized and integrated design of these devices also makes them more portable and cost-effective compared to bulky lab equipment. Additionally, Microchip Analytical Devices often incorporate advanced features like microfluidics, biosensors, and automated detection methods, allowing for more efficient and accurate sample handling and analysis.

What are some common applications of Microchip Analytical Devices?

Microchip Analytical Devices have a wide range of applications, including diagnostics, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, and more. In the diagnostics field, these devices can be used for rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers, pathogens, or other analytes, enabling more efficient point-of-care testing. In environmental monitoring, Microchip Analytical Devices can be deployed to quickly and accurately measure various contaminants or pollutants in water, air, or soil samples. In the pharmaceutical industry, these devices can be leveraged for high-throughput screening of drug candidates, as well as for optimizing drug formulations and manufacturing processes.

How can PubCompare.ai assist in the use of Microchip Analytical Devices?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can be a valuable tool for researchers working with Microchip Analytical Devices. The platform allows you to efficiently screen the vast literature on protocol development, helping you identify the most effective and relevant protocols for your specific research goals. PubCompare.ai's AI-powered analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy. By leveraging the platform's critical insights, you can streamline your research process and get more out of your data when working with Microchip Analytical Devices.

What are some common challenges in using Microchip Analytical Devices?

While Microchip Analytical Devices offer many benefits, there can also be some challenges in their use. One common challenge is ensuring proper sample preparation and handling, as the miniaturized nature of these devices can make it more difficult to work with complex or viscous samples. Additionally, the integration of multiple functionalities on a single chip can sometimes lead to issues with cross-talk or interference between different components. Finally, the specialized nature of Microchip Analytical Devices may require more technical expertise and specialized equipment compared to traditional laboratory instrumentation, which can present a barrier for some researchers.

More about "Microchip Analytical Devices"

Microchip Analytical Devices, also known as Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) systems or Micro Total Analysis Systems (μTAS), are miniaturized, integrated devices that combine multiple laboratory functions on a single microchip.
These compact, high-performance analytical tools are designed to streamline chemical and biological analyses, offering rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput capabilities.
Microchip Analytical Devices often incorporate microfluidics, biosensors, and advanced detection methods to enable efficient sample handling and analysis.
Microfluidics, for example, allows for precise control and manipulation of small fluid volumes, enabling highly sensitive and accurate measurements.
Biosensors, such as those found in the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and the GEXSCOPE® Single-Cell RNA Library Kit, can detect and quantify specific biomolecules with exceptional precision.
These miniaturized analytical systems can provide significant advantages over traditional laboratory instrumentation, including increased speed, reduced costs, and improved portability.
The compact size and integration of multiple functionalities make Microchip Analytical Devices a versatile tool for a wide range of applications, such as diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and drug discovery.
In the manufacturing process, materials like Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer Kit are commonly used to fabricate the microfluidic channels and device components.
Automation tools, such as syringe pumps and Atuoatd, can also be integrated to enhance the precision and throughput of Microchip Analytical Device operations.
Overall, Microchip Analytical Devices represent a transformative technology, leveraging miniaturization, integration, and advanced detection methods to revolutionize analytical capabilities across various fields.
By streamlining research protocols and optimizing performance, these innovative systems are poised to drive significant advancements in our understanding and exploration of the world around us.