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> Disorders > Anatomical Abnormality > Kyphosis

Kyphosis

Kyphosis refers to an abnormal, exaggerated posterior curvature of the spinal column.
This condition can occur in various forms, including postural kyphosis, Scheuermann's kyphosis, and congenital kyphosis.
Kyphosis can lead to back pain, reduced mobility, and cosmetic concerns.
Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of kyphosis are crucial for managing the condition and improving patient outcomes.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool can help researchers streamline their kyphsosis studies by identifying the most effective and reproducible techniques from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of their research process.

Most cited protocols related to «Kyphosis»

1
FISH Analysis of Maternal mRNA Localization
FISH was performed as previously described20 (link) using oligonucleotides 20 nt in length and complementary to transcripts nos-RA (CG5637; 75 probes), cycB-RA (CG3510; 48 probes), pgc-RA (CG32885; 48 probes), and osk-RA (CG10901; 99 probes). Sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 1. Custom oligonucleotides with 3′ amine modification were obtained from Biosearch Technologies, conjugated to either Atto 565 (Sigma 72464) or Atto 633 (Sigma 43429) dye, and purified by HPLC as previously described51 (link). Intact ovaries were dissected from well-fed 2–4 day old females and processed for FISH as described23 (link). Imaging was performed using a 63x HCX PL APO CS 1.4 NA oil immersion objective on a Leica TCS SP5 laser-scanning confocal microscope equipped with GaAsP “HyD” detectors in photon counting mode, with pixels of 76 x 76 nm and z spacing of 340 nm. For each probe set, laser power was adjusted to optimize separation of signal and noise. The same settings were used repeatedly for all samples treated with a given probe set. For each experiment, image stacks were acquired from 3–5 different egg chambers/oocytes or embryos at each developmental stage shown. Each stack contained 20,000–100,000 particles, depending on the volume imaged and the size of the egg chamber/oocyte/embryo. Laser power exhibited fluctuations of ~10% between experiments; however, normalization to single mRNA intensity nullifies any effect in our measurements of absolute mRNA amount. For egg chambers/oocytes, z-series represent approximately half the thickness of the tissue starting from near the interface between the follicle cells and the nurse cells/oocyte. For embryos, image stacks extend from the cortical surface to near the midsagittal plane.
As controls for goodness of single particle detection, we compared the densities of punctae in early embryos from wild-type females and from females heterozygous or homozygous for the maternal RNA-null nosBN allele. As expected, heterozygous embryos contain half as many particles as in wild-type (0.39 ± 0.01 versus 0.75 ± 0.02 particles/μm3, n = 4 embryos each). In homozygous nosBN embryos, the number of particles/volume exceeding the “difference of Gaussians” detection threshold52 (link) was <1% of the number detected in wild-type. Similarly for osk, embryos from females heterozygous for the mRNA-null allele oskA87 contain half the number of particles of wild-type embryos (0.24 ± 0.03 versus 0.41 ± 0.03 particles/μm3 in wild-type, n = 4 embryos each). These results are similar to the two-fold reduction in particle number observed for maternally supplied hunchback (hb) mRNA in hb deficiency heterozygotes20 (link) and support previous findings20 (link),21 (link) that the FISH method effectively distinguishes true objects from imaging noise.
Little S.C., Sinsimer K.S., Lee J.J., Wieschaus E.F, & Gavis E.R. (2015). Independent and coordinate trafficking of single Drosophila germ plasm mRNAs. Nature cell biology, 17(5), 558-568.
Publication 2015
Alleles Amines Cells Cortex, Cerebral Embryo Embryonic Development Females Fishes Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Heterozygote High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homozygote Kyphosis Microscopy, Confocal, Laser Scanning Nurses Oligonucleotides Oocytes Ovarian Follicle Ovary Ovum RNA, Messenger Submersion Tissues
2
Prenatal Surgery for Myelomeningocele
We conducted the trial at three maternal–fetal surgery centers — the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Vanderbilt University, and the University of California, San Francisco — together with an independent data-coordinating center at George Washington University and with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. All other fetalintervention centers in the United States agreed not to perform prenatal surgery for myelomeningocele while the trial was ongoing. The trial was approved by the institutional review board at each center. The study protocol, including the statistical analysis plan and full inclusion and exclusion criteria, is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
Inclusion criteria were a singleton pregnancy, myelomeningocele with the upper boundary located between T1 and S1, evidence of hindbrain herniation, a gestational age of 19.0 to 25.9 weeks at randomization, a normal karyotype, U.S. residency, and maternal age of at least 18 years. Major exclusion criteria were a fetal anomaly unrelated to myelomeningocele, severe kyphosis, risk of preterm birth (including short cervix and previous preterm birth), placental abruption, a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 35 or more, and contraindication to surgery, including previous hysterotomy in the active uterine segment.
Adzick N.S., Thom E.A., Spong C.Y., Brock JW I.I.I., Burrows P.K., Johnson M.P., Howell L.J., Farrell J.A., Dabrowiak M.E., Sutton L.N., Gupta N., Tulipan N.B., D'Alton M.E, & Farmer D.L. (2011). A Randomized Trial of Prenatal versus Postnatal Repair of Myelomeningocele. The New England journal of medicine, 364(11), 993-1004.
Publication 2011
Abruptio Placentae Care, Prenatal Cervix Uteri Ethics Committees, Research Fetal Anomalies Gestational Age Hernia Hindbrain Hysterotomy Index, Body Mass Karyotyping Kyphosis Meningomyelocele Operative Surgical Procedures Pregnancy Premature Birth Residency Uterus
3
Quantifying Spinal Kyphosis via Radiographic and Non-Radiological Methods
All kyphosis measures were made on the same day, within a 4-h window. The modified Cobb angle, based on the technique originally described by Cobb to quantify scoliosis, was measured on standing lateral thoracolumbar radiographs [17 –19 (link)], specifying the limit vertebrae at T4 and T12 [18 (link)]. Because some radiographs did not permit use of specified limit vertebrae (e.g., due to overlying structures) Cobb angles from 20 films were based on eight vertebrae (T4–T11 or T5–T12) and Cobb angles from six films were based on seven vertebrae (T5–T11). Non-radiological measures of kyphosis included the Debrunner kyphometer angle, the Flexicurve kyphosis index, and the Flexicurve kyphosis angle. The upper arm of the Debrunner kyphometer was placed on C-7 and the lower arm on T-12. The circumscribed kyphosis angle was read from the protractor [6 (link), 20 (link)]. Debrunner measurements were flagged as problematic in eight cases, because it was difficult to get the base of the arms flush on the landmarks. The Flexicurve kyphosis index was measured using a Flexicurve [21 (link), 25 (link)]. The cephalic end of the Flexicurve was placed on C-7, and it was molded to the spine in the caudal direction. The shape was traced onto paper, and the apex kyphosis height was estimated relative to the length of the entire thoracic spine; this is the Flexicurve kyphosis index (Fig. 1). Using geometric formulae, the Flexicurve kyphosis angle was also calculated from the Flexicurve tracing. By definition, this inscribed angle is systematically less than the circumscribed angle (Fig. 1).
Greendale G.A., Nili N.S., Huang M.H., Seeger L, & Karlamangla A.S. (2010). The reliability and validity of three non-radiological measures of thoracic kyphosis and their relations to the standing radiological Cobb angle. Osteoporosis International, 22(6), 1897-1905.
Publication 2010
Arm, Upper Flushing Kyphosis Radiography Scoliosis Vertebra Vertebral Column
4
Sagittal Integral Morphotype Evaluation
The measuring protocol of the “Sagittal Integral Morphotype”, described by Santonja [24 ] for the complete evaluation of sagittal spinal curvatures (dorsal and lumbar), consists of the sagittal assessment in a relaxed standing position (SP), in a slump sitting position (SSP), as well as in trunk forward bending position (TFB). The idea of this protocol is to assess the main positions that you can use and adopt in daily and sports activities. Essentially, posture characteristics that can have clinical relevance are quantified using a screening protocol with clinical applicability and are incorporated into a consistent system in which the clinical relevance of the identified posture types is appreciated in terms of their association with the risk of spinal pain and spinal injury. This protocol has been previously used in other studies [49 (link),51 (link),56 ,57 (link)]. First, it is necessary to assess the children in the three positions, and then use the three results to determine and define the “Sagittal Integral Morphotype” in each curve. Negative values stand for degrees of posterior concavity (lordosis), and positive values stand for anterior concavity or kyphosis.
Santonja-Medina F., Collazo-Diéguez M., Martínez-Romero M.T., Rodríguez-Ferrán O., Aparicio-Sarmiento A., Cejudo A., Andújar P, & Sainz de Baranda P. (2020). Classification System of the Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Children from the ISQUIOS Programme (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2467.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2020
Child G-IDEA protocol Kyphosis Lordosis Lumbar Region Pain Spinal Injuries
5
Assessing TUPAC Guideline Implementation Factors
To assess possible factors mediating the implementation of the TUPAC guidelines, we developed a questionnaire based on both the theoretical-domains framework [15 (link)] and the Finnish Current Care guidelines on TUPAC counselling [8 ]. The goal of the TDQ development was to measure each of the 12 domains, as well as the related key constructs within each domain.
First, we conducted a systematic literature review of published questionnaires on TUPAC counselling from PubMed using the following search terms: Topic = (tobacco OR smoking) AND Topic = (counselling OR counseling) AND Topic = (questionnaire OR survey) AND Topic = (dentist OR 'dental hygienist' OR hygienist OR nurse OR physician OR doctor OR 'healthcare provider' OR 'health care provider' OR 'general practitioner'). Of 1,240 articles (by 31 January 2009), we found about 60 different questionnaires that had served to assess the implementation of TUPAC guidelines among healthcare providers. Second, we contacted corresponding authors to request use of their questionnaire. Of the 25 questionnaires received, we found four questionnaires to be the most suitable, as they covered a wide range of implementation difficulties among healthcare providers [19 (link)-22 (link)]. Of these questionnaires, we assigned items under appropriate theoretical domains according to component constructs and elicited questions provided by the consensus group [15 (link)]. Because there were too few appropriate items for all domains, we created additional items (see Additional File 1). To maximise the chance that items reflect the main component constructs of each domain while keeping the questionnaire as short as possible, we sought the advice of experts on behaviour change and tobacco dependency treatment. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 35 items (two to six items per domain) and covered the following 10 domains: knowledge; skills; professional role and identity; beliefs about capabilities; beliefs about consequences; motivation and goals; memory, attention, and decision processes; environmental context and resources; social influences; and emotion.
The questionnaire was developed in English, then translated and back-translated by independent translators (English-Finnish-English and English-Swedish-English) by Language Services, University of Helsinki. If differences between the original and the back-translated versions appeared, the questionnaire underwent a further round of back-translation until the versions showed satisfactory agreement. The questionnaire was piloted among a sample of dentists and dental hygienists (n = 30) working in municipal dental clinics in Helsinki, Finland. Piloting indicated that the providers understood and received the questionnaire well, and no changes were necessary.
We decided to exclude the domain behavioural regulation because in the context of community dental settings, the component constructs of behavioural regulation, such as goal/target setting, goal priority, feedback, project management, and barriers and facilitators [15 (link)], showed too much overlap with the domain environmental context and resources and were mediated mainly by the clinical environment and chief dental officers. Thus, this domain was considered less important that it would be in other settings, such as in private clinics. The domain nature of behaviour was also excluded, as it relates more to an understanding of the behaviour itself than to influences on behaviour [23 ]. A list of the domains, constructs, and items appear in Additional File 2.
Amemori M., Michie S., Korhonen T., Murtomaa H, & Kinnunen T.H. (2011). Assessing implementation difficulties in tobacco use prevention and cessation counselling among dental providers. Implementation Science : IS, 6, 50.
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Publication 2011
Attention Dental Health Services Dentist Emotions Health Personnel Hygienist, Dental Kyphosis Memory Motivation Nurses Physicians Tobacco Dependence Tobacco Products

Most recents protocols related to «Kyphosis»

1
Measuring Cervical Spine Alignment with Radiographic Cobb Angle
Radiologic parameters on plain radiographs of neutral, flexion and extension included C2-7 Cobb angle (CA). Lateral X-ray images were obtained while the patients were standing and in a straightforward position. Flexion and extension radiography was performed with the neck in maximum flexion and extension position. The CA was defined by the Cobb angle formed between the lower endplate of C2 and C7. On the cervical spine dynamic X-ray film, parallel lines were drawn along the lower endplate of C2 and the lower endplate of C7, respectively, and the angle between the two parallel lines was the cervical Cobb angle. (Convex is a positive value, kyphosis is a negative value.) Cervical ROM = extension CA –flexion CA (Fig. 2).

Radiologic parameters on plain radiographs of neutral (A), flexion (B) and extension (C) included C2-7 Cobb angle (CA)

Wang Z., Zhong Z., Feng H., Mei J., Feng X., Wang B, & Sun L. (2023). The impact of disease time, cervical alignment and range of motion on cervical vertebral Hounsfield unit value in surgery patients with cervical spondylosis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 187.
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Publication 2023
Cervical Vertebrae Kyphosis Neck Patients X-Ray Film X-Rays, Diagnostic
2
Radiographic Evaluation of Spinal-Pelvic Parameters
Radiographic data consisted of full-length coronal and sagittal radiographs were obtained in free- standing posture with the upper limbs resting on a support, the shoulders at 30° forward flexion, and the elbows slightly flexed [19 (link)]. All of the radiographic parameters were measured with Surgimap Software (version: 2.3.2.1; Spine Software, New York, NY).
All of the radiographic parameters concerned in this current study were shown in the Fig. 1A-B, which included thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI). All of those radiographic measurements were performed by a dedicated team independent from the operating surgeons.

A Sagittal radiologic parameters: Thoracic Kyphosis (TK) measured from the superior endplate of T4 to the inferior endplate of T12 by Cobb method; Lumbar Lordosis (LL) measured from the superior endplate of L1 to the inferior endplate of S1 by Cobb method. Sagittal vertical axis (SVA) defined as the horizontal offset from the posterosuperior corner of S1 to the plumb line going through the vertebral body of C7. B Pelvic parameters: Sacral slope (SS): the angle between the horizontal line and the sacarl endplate; Pelvic tilt (PT): the angle between the vertical and the line through the midpoint of the sacral endplate to the femoral heads axis; Pelvic Incidence (PI): the angle between the perpendicular to the sacral plate at its midpoint and the line connecting this point to the femoral heads axis

Kyphosis was recorded as positive value ( +), and lordosis as negative value (-). The spinopelvic index (SPI) was calculated by the equation: SPI = SS/PT.
Zhang Z., Chen S., Jia S., Chen R., Li N, & Meng C. (2023). Association of spinopelvic index with proximal junctional failure developing in adult spinal deformity after surgical treatment: an observational study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24, 180.
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Publication 2023
Elbow Epistropheus Femur Heads Kyphosis Lordosis Lumbar Region Pelvis Sacrum Shoulder Surgeons Upper Extremity Vertebral Body Vertebral Column X-Rays, Diagnostic
3
Radiographic Evaluation of Vertebral Fracture Reduction
Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained before surgery, immediately after surgery, at the removal of the implants, and during the final follow-up. The segmental kyphotic angle (SKA) and anterior vertebral body height ratio (AVBHR) were measured as radiographic parameters to evaluate the indirect reduction of the vertebral body and local kyphosis. SKA was defined as the Cobb angle calculated between the cranial vertebra’s upper endplate and the caudal vertebra’s lower endplate. AVBHR was defined as the percentage of the anterior vertebral height of the fractured vertebra to the average anterior height of the two adjacent vertebrae (Fig. 1) [17 (link)].

Schematic diagrams of radiographic parameters. Segmental kyphotic angle (SKA) = θ, Anterior vertebral body height ratio (AVBHR) = c/(a + b)/2

The indirect reduction of fractured vertebrae and correction loss during observation were evaluated using SKA and AVBHR. In this study, correction loss was considered present if the ΔSKA was ≥10° immediately after surgery to the final examination [4 (link), 6 ].
We evaluated the degree of vertebral body involvement using the load sharing classification (LSC) scoring system [18 (link)]. The vertebral fractures were classified according to the AO classification system [19 (link)]. The severity of intervertebral disc and vertebral endplate injury were assessed using the preoperative Sander’s TIDL classification based on T2-weighted MRI (Table 1) [10 (link), 13 (link)]. In this study, TIDL was considered grade 3 when CT showed an apparent vertebral endplate fracture (Fig. 2). If both the upper and lower discs were damaged, a more severe TIDL grade was adopted.

Classification of TIDL

GradeT2-weighted MRIEndplate fractureCharacteristic finding
0NoneIntact
1HyperintenseNoneEdema
2Hypointense with perifocal hyperintenseNone or mildDisc rupture with intradiscal bleeding
3Hypointense with perifocal hyperintenseModerate or severeInfraction of the disc into vertebral body, annular tears, or infraction without herniation into endplate

TIDL Traumatic intervertebral disc lesion

Classification of traumatic intervertebral disc lesion (TIDL). A case of AO type A3 fracture at L3. CT shows a fracture of the cranial endplate and MRI shows infraction of the disc into the vertebral body (white triangles) which means a TIDL grade 3. The caudal disc showed a TIDL grade 2

A case with a depression of 5 mm or more on the sagittal CT slice with the greatest depression was defined to have residual endplate deformity to assess the degree of endplate deformity at follow-up (Fig. 3E).

A 39-year-old woman with L2 burst fracture (AO A3). CT (A) and MRI (B) showed severe damage of the cranial endplate and infraction of the disc into the vertebral body (TIDL grade 3). The fractured vertebra was reduced after surgery (C). At follow up, fractured vertebra showed bony union, however disruption of the vertebral endplate and degeneration of intervertebral disc resulted in correction loss and breakage of the pedicle screw (D, E). Panel E shows residual endplate deformity

Hashimura T., Onishi E., Ota S., Tsukamoto Y., Yamashita S, & Yasuda T. (2023). Correction loss following short-segment posterior fixation for traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures related to endplate and intervertebral disc destruction. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24, 174.
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Publication 2023
Bones Caudal Vertebrae Congenital Abnormality Cranium Fracture, Bone Fracture Fixation Hernia Intervertebral Disc Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Kyphosis Operative Surgical Procedures Pedicle Screws Radionuclide Imaging Spinal Fractures Spinal Injuries Tears Vertebra Vertebral Body Woman X-Ray Computed Tomography X-Rays, Diagnostic
4
Spinal Sagittal Parameter Measurement Protocol
Measurements of spinal sagittal parameters were illustrated in Fig. 1, covering: (1) T1 slope (T1S), the angle between the superior endplate of T1 and the horizontal line; (2) thoracic kyphosis (TK), the Cobb angle between the superior endplate of T4 and the inferior endplate of T12; (3) LL, the Cobb angle between the superior endplates of both L1 and S1; (4) sacral slope (SS), the angle between the superior endplate of the sacrum and the horizontal line; (5) pelvic tilt (PT), the angle between the line linking the midpoint of the superior endplate of S1 and the center of the femoral heads and vertical line; (6) PI, the angle between the line linking the midpoint of the superior endplate of S1 and the center of the femoral heads and the line vertical to the superior endplate of the sacrum; (7) SVA, the distance between the posterosuperior corner of S1 and the vertical line from the C7 body center; (8) segmental lumbar lordosis (SLL), the Cobb angle between the superior endplate of L4 and the inferior endplate of L5; and (9) slip percentage (SP), the ratio of the interval between two extended lines of the posterior aspect of L4 and L5 to the length of the superior endplate of L5. The ratio of PT to PI (PT/PI) suggests the degree of pelvic compensation [17 (link)].

Measurements of sagittal parameters enrolled in the present study. A Global sagittal parameters. SVA, sagittal vertical axis; T1S, T1 slope; TK, thoracic kyphosis; LL, lumbar lordosis; SS, sacral slope; PT, pelvic tilt; PI, pelvic incidence. B SLL, segmental lumbar lordosis. C SP, slip percentage

Wang D.F., Chen X.L., Han D., Kong C, & Lu S.B. (2023). The effect of sagittal alignment, coronal balance, and segmental stability on preoperative patient-reported outcomes in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. BMC Surgery, 23, 48.
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Publication 2023
Epistropheus Femur Heads Human Body Kyphosis Lordosis Lumbar Region Pelvis Sacrum Venous Catheter, Central
5
Evaluating Spinal Fusion Outcomes
The demographic and clinical data of patients, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), surgical segment, operation time, blood loss volume, drainage tube placement time, length of hospital stay, the total cost of hospitalization, and complications, were collected from the medical records. The weighted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) [16 (link)] and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status classification (ASA) [17 (link)] were used to assess the preoperative physical condition of these patients.
The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for back and leg pain [18 (link)], the validated simplified Chinese version of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) [19 (link)], and the validated simplified Chinese version of Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) [20 (link)] were collected before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. SF-36 was divided into 2 parts for statistical analysis: Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS). The improvement value was used as the indexes of clinical outcomes and defined as the change between the score at follow-up and the preoperative score.
The preoperative radiographic data included all-spine lateral radiograph, extension-flexion lateral radiograph, lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone density test. An immediate postoperative lumbar lateral radiograph was performed to determine if the screws were positioned correctly. All-spine lateral X-rays were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months. A lumbar MRI was performed at 6 and 12 months. Lumbar computed tomography (CT) was performed at 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative all-spine lateral radiographs were used to evaluate the sagittal parameters and implant-related complications and to record the preoperative osteoporotic compression vertebra fractures (OVF) and the postoperative new-onset OVF. All sagittal spino-pelvic parameters were collected, including sagittal vertical axis (SVA), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), upper thoracic kyphosis angle (T2-T5), lower thoracic kyphosis angle (T5-T12), thoracolumbar lordosis angle, and lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) (T12-S1) at each follow-up time point [21 (link)]. The bone union status was assessed using the postoperative CT. The Pfirrmann index was used to grade the degree of adjacent disc degeneration from levels 1 to 8 [22 (link)]. The middle part of the disc was selected in T2WI sagittal lumbar MRI images to obtain the Pfirrmann index to ensure consistency of grading criteria. For patients without L5/S1 fusion, the Pfirrmann index was defined as the average of the upper and lower adjacent segment discs. For patients with L5/S1 fusion, the Pfirrmann index referred to the upper adjacent segment disc.
Li K., Han X., Zhang H., Chen X., Xu D, & Li Z. (2023). Comparison of Lumbar Fusion Surgical Outcomes Between Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ≥80 Versus 65–79 Years Old. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 29, e938837-1-e938837-10.
Publication 2023
Anesthesiologist Blood Volume Bone Density Bones Chinese Disabled Persons Drainage Epistropheus Fracture, Compression Hospitalization Index, Body Mass Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Kyphosis Lordosis Lumbar Region Operative Surgical Procedures Osteoporotic Fractures Pain Patients Pelvis Physical Examination Sacrum Vertebra Vertebral Column X-Ray Computed Tomography X-Rays, Diagnostic

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More about "Kyphosis"

Kyphosis, also known as spinal curvature or hunchback, is an abnormal, exaggerated posterior (backward) curvature of the spinal column.
This condition can manifest in various forms, including postural kyphosis, Scheuermann's kyphosis, and congenital kyphosis.
Postural kyphosis is the most common type, often caused by poor posture or muscle imbalances.
Scheuermann's kyphosis is a structural deformity that develops during adolescence, while congenital kyphosis is present at birth due to abnormal spinal development.
Kyphosis can lead to a range of issues, such as back pain, reduced mobility, and cosmetic concerns.
Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for managing the condition and improving patient outcomes.
Treatment options may include physical therapy, bracing, or in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Researchers studying kyphosis can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool to streamline their research process.
This platform helps identify the most effective and reproducible techniques from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the research.
Additional software tools that may be useful for kyphosis research include SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), SAS (Statistical Analysis System), and Stata.
These software packages offer advanced statistical analysis capabilities to support the evaluation of kyphosis data and outcomes.
By incorporating these insights and tools, researchers can optimize their kyphosis studies, leading to improved understanding, treatment, and patient outcomes.
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