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> Disorders > Anatomical Abnormality > Overbite

Overbite

Overbite is a dental condition characterized by the upper teeth extending significantly beyond the lower teeth when the mouth is closed.
This misalignment can lead to various dental and oral health issues, such as difficulty chewing, increased risk of tooth damage, and changes in facial appearance.
Overbite can be caused by genetic factors, habits like thumb-sucking, or developmental issues.
Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may involve orthodontic interventions, are important for maintaining good oral health and preventing further complications.
Effective management of overbite can help imrpove overall dental function and aesthetics.

Most cited protocols related to «Overbite»

1
Orthodontic Arch Widths Changes with Extraction
-Subjects
This study was performed using pre and post-treatment study casts of consecutive subjects from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics between 2000 and 2014. The study design was in accordance with Helsinki Declaration on Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. The approval for the study was obtained from the IRB and research ethics committee of the university (Ref No. TBZMED.REC.1393.6).
Based on 80% power and significance level of 5% (14 (link)), and considering 1.5 as maximum tolerable error rate and based on standard deviation of 2.5, 45 samples were needed in each group. Patients who were treated either with or without bilateral maxillary first premolars extraction were included in this study considering the following criteria:
1. All cases were originally diagnosed as having mild to moderate skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion.
2. None of the cases had congenital anomalies, significant facial asymmetries, or congenitally missing teeth.
3. All cases were above 16 years of age and all were in the permanent dentition.
4. All cases received no palatal expansion, functional appliance, orthognathic surgery or fixed prosthodontic therapy
5. All cases had overbite of 5% to 40% and mandibular arch crowding of ≤4 mm.
6. All cases were treated with fixed preadjusted (0.022-inch bracket slot) technique with class II elastics for non-extraction and space closure with sliding for extraction cases.
7. A clinically acceptable occlusion was established after active treatment i.e., a Class I canine relationship, an overbite between 10% and 25%, and well-aligned and inter-digitated arches.
8. Plaster dental casts were taken before and after orthodontic treatment.
These criteria were adopted to insure that post-treatment changes were not caused by poor treatment results.
-Study casts analysis
Four arch width measurements were recorded from each subject’s dental casts using a digital calliper and recording the data to the nearest 0.1 mm. These measurements included: (A) maxillary inter-canine width between the height of contour points on the main buccal ridge located at the cervical third of the canines, (B) maxillary inter-molar width between the height of contour points located gingival to buccal grooves of the first molars, (C) mandibular inter-molar width between the height of contour points located gingival to main buccal pits of the first molars and (D) mandibular inter-canine width between the height of contour points on the buccal ridge located at the cervical third of the canines (Fig. 1A).

A) Maxillary and mandibular inter-arch measurements. B) Landmarks on the maxillary and mandibular dental cast.

-Reliability of the measurements
Landmarks on the maxillary and mandibular dental casts were located and marked with a black 0.5 mm thick pencil. Each distance was measured by two examiners, on two occasions with a 2.5-month interval between the two measurements (Fig. 1B). Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was determined using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).
-Statistical methods
Statistical analysis of the data was performed with SPSS for Windows version16 (IBM, Chicago, USA). A paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the treatment changes within each group. To compare the changes in the extraction and non-extraction groups for both males and females, independent student t-test was used. Statistical significance level was established at P<0.05.
Shirazi S., Kachoei M., Shahvaghar-Asl N., Shirazi S, & Sharghi R. (2016). Arch width changes in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with maxillary first premolar extraction and non-extraction method. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 8(4), e403-e408.
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Publication 2016
Bicuspid Canis familiaris CD3EAP protein, human Congenital Abnormality Dental Health Services Dental Occlusion Dentition, Adult Ethics Committees, Research Females Fingers Gingiva inecalcitol Malocclusion, Angle Class II Mandible Maxilla Men Molar Neck Overbite Patients Plaster Casts Skeleton Student Surgeries, Maxillofacial Orthognathic Tooth Van der Woude syndrome Vestibule of the Mouth
2
Measuring Maximal Mouth Opening Capacity
Maximal mouth opening capacity (MOC) was defined as the maximal interincisal distance on unassisted active mouth opening. The measurements were taken at the end of the annual dental examination, after the children had to open their mouths widely several times. This served as mobilizing exercise. For the measurement the children were verbally encouraged to open their mouths as far as possible. A metallic ruler with a millimetre scale was passively placed between the edges of upper and lower central incisors (Figure 1). The measurement was read and recorded to the nearest millimetre. If the central incisors were missing or the patient was not cooperative, no measurement was performed. In case of erupting central incisors the pair with the smaller interincisal distance was chosen. In order to make the measurement simple and quick for daily practice, positive overbite values were not taken into account. Negative overbite values (an open space between the incisors in closed mouth position) were measured perpendicularly to the occlusal plane and subtracted from the measured interincisal distance. The measurements were entered into the school dental services database.
Müller L., van Waes H., Langerweger C., Molinari L, & Saurenmann R.K. (2013). Maximal mouth opening capacity: percentiles for healthy children 4–17 years of age. Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal, 11, 17.
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Publication 2013
Child Dental Care Dental Health Services Incisor Metals Occlusal Plane Oral Cavity Overbite Patients
3
Occlusal Plane Adjustment for Deep-Bite Patients
BASIC (Figure 1) presents an occlusal plane thicker in the anterior area to raise the vertical dimension in deep-bite patients.
First class devices are available in four different arch shapes:

− S: For mesocephalic cranial index and oval dental arches

− OS: for mesocephalic cranial index and squared dental arches

− F: For dolichocephalic cranial index

− C: For mesocephalic cranial index and squared dental arches

INTEGRAL (Figure 1 and Figure 2) presents a flat occlusal plane and it is indicated for a more specifically orthopedic action, correction of alterations of occlusal curves, such as anterior and lateral open bite, and a correct balance of the dental arches.
Inchingolo A.D., Patano A., Coloccia G., Ceci S., Inchingolo A.M., Marinelli G., Malcangi G., Montenegro V., Laudadio C., Pede C.D., Garibaldi M., Kruti Z., Maggiore M.E., Mancini A., Nucci L., Bordea I.R., Scarano A., Lorusso F., Dipalma G., Di Venere D., Cardarelli F, & Inchingolo F. (2022). The Efficacy of a New AMCOP® Elastodontic Protocol for Orthodontic Interceptive Treatment: A Case Series and Literature Overview. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 988.
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Publication 2022
Cranium Dental Arch Dental Health Services Medical Devices Occlusal Plane Open Bite Overbite Patients
4
Temporomandibular Joint Morphology Assessment using CBCT
Diagnostic CBCT images of 60 adult patients (120 TMJs) who visited the orthodontic clinic of Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were reviewed. The study protocol was approved by the Hospital Ethics Review Committee (IRB 2013-1130).
The subjects were 34 women and 26 men aged 20-40 years (mean age, 25.52±4.97 years) (Table 1). Patients were included if they did not have missing teeth except third molars, severe crossbite or openbite (overbite and overjet ≥ 0 mm), functional mandibular deviation due to occlusal interference, previous orthodontic treatment, clinical signs and symptoms of TMDs, previous TMD treatment, evident dental or facial asymmetry, congenital skeletal deformity such as cleft lip and palate, and history of trauma or general condition affecting the TMJ.
For imaging, the patient was seated with the head in the natural head position, eyes focused on a point at the same level in a mirror, and teeth in centric occlusion (maximum intercuspation). All scans were acquired with an Alphard VEGAunit (Asahi Roentgen, Kyoto, Japan) set at 80 kV, 5 mAs, 15-second scan time, and 0.39-mm3 voxel size. The exposure field was 200 mm in diameter and 179 mm in height. Images were transformed to DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) format and three-dimensionally reconstructed and analyzed through OnDemand 3D Application software (Cybermed, Seoul, Korea).
The images were saved in C-mode and reoriented along the Frankfort horizontal plane on the basis of the right porion, right orbitale, and left orbitale. Both three-dimensional (3D) and cephalometric analyses were performed. The subjects were divided into three equal groups according to the angle formed by Sella-Nasion plane and mandibular plane (SN-GoMe): hypodivergent (SN-GoMe, < 22°), normodivergent (SN-GoMe, 22°-36°), and hyperdivergent (SN-GoMe, >36°) groups.
One orthodontist performed all the measurements as described by Rodrigues et al.4 (link),23 (link) Sagittal slices showing a clear view of the condyle and mandibular fossa with a clear continuous line of cortical bone were examined. The position of each condyle was determined by measuring the anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces (Table 2, Figure 1). Depth of the mandibular fossa and angulation of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle were measured for identifying fossa morphology (Figure 1). Axial condylar morphology was assessed by measuring the maximum medio-lateral width, maximum antero-posterior width, and angle between the condylar axis and the midsagittal plane (condyle head angle) (Figure 2). Sagittal condylar morphology was classified as normal, flattened osteophytic, and unclassified (Figure 3); normally shaped condyles were subclassified as oval and round on the basis of their shape in the axial view (Figure 4).
Park I.Y., Kim J.H, & Park Y.H. (2015). Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography based comparison of condylar position and morphology according to the vertical skeletal pattern. Korean Journal of Orthodontics, 45(2), 66-73.
Publication 2015
Adult Cephalometry Compact Bone Condyle Congenital Abnormality Dental Health Services Dental Occlusion, Centric Diagnosis Epistropheus Eye Fingers Head Heart Historical Trauma Joints Lips, Cleft Mandible Open Bite Orthodontist Osteophyte Overbite Overjet, Dental Palate Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Radionuclide Imaging Skeleton Third Molars Woman
5
Dental Arch Dimensions of Yemeni Adults

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Publication 2014
Adult Calculi Canis familiaris CD3EAP protein, human Deciduous Tooth Dental Arch Dental Health Services Dental Occlusion Dentition, Adult Ethics Committees Face Faculty Fingers Head Light Maxilla Molar Operative Surgical Procedures Oral Cavity Overbite Overjet, Dental Physical Examination Plaster of Paris Retention (Psychology) Satisfaction Skeleton succinyl-trialanine-4-nitroanilide Third Molars Tooth Tooth, Supernumerary Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Overbite»

1
CBCT Evaluation of Mandibular Third Molars
This study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQHS-REC-2021(LSNo.045)).
The sample included CBCT imaging of 103 subjects (52 males and 51 females, mean age = 28.39 years, 206 M3), aged from 18 to 40 years. These subjects were selected from the patients who were admitted for orthodontic treatment from 2019 to 2021 at the Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The CBCT in this study was taken due to the patient's need to have the M3 removed and was taken prior to orthodontic treatment.
The inclusion criteria: (1) non-vertical facial dimension (SN-MP° < 32°) and Class I or Class III malocclusion, (2) normal overjet and overbite, (3) crowding of less than 4 mm in the mandibular dental arch, (4) no significant alveolar bone loss, (5) no missing teeth in mandible (including M3s), (6) no noticeable facial asymmetry and deformation, (7) no tumors, fractures, cysts in mandible, (8) no diagnosed systemic disease, (9) no history of orthodontic treatment.
The exclusion criteria: (1) blurred CBCT imaging, (2) incomplete CBCT imaging, (3) unmeasurable CBCT imaging.
Huang Y., Chen Y., Yang D., Tang Y., Yang Y., Xu J., Luo J, & Zheng L. (2023). Three-dimensional analysis of the relationship between mandibular retromolar space and positional traits of third molars in non-hyperdivergent adults. BMC Oral Health, 23, 138.
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Publication 2023
Alveolar Bone Loss Angle Class III Cyst Dental Arch Ethics Committees, Clinical Face Females Fracture, Bone Males Mandible Neoplasms Overbite Overjet, Dental Patients Tooth Loss
2
Drilling Process Characterization and Analysis
During the drilling process, the operators use the swivel chuck head to control the drill spindle which is connected to the drill rods and bit for coring the geomaterials. The chuck head can clutch the drill spindle to drill the new geomaterials. After finishing one ram stroke length mentioned above, the chuck head detaches the spindle to move back to the start level and then it can clutch the spindle again to move it downward. By this operation, the drill bit can drill deeper geomaterials with the new added drill rod to fill the coring barrel. Therefore, the drilling process has three parts: the coring part (or the net drilling part), the pulling drill chuck upward part, and the auxiliary operations.
The classical least-squares method is used to determine the drilling speed by factual data and the coefficient of determination R2 or r2 is usually used to measure the goodness of fit for the extent of the linearity. The minimum time interval of one linear zone is usually greater than 5 s.
Figure 3 shows the details of one drilling process. It contains three coring parts and four pulling drill chuck upward parts. During the coring parts, the curve of the drill bit advancement depth versus the net drilling time can be expressed as a set of connected linear segments. Each linear zone has a constant slope gradient representing the constant drilling speed of a homogeneous geomaterial. In Fig. 3, eight linear zones (Zones a1-3 , Zones a6-9 , and Zones a11 ) with different constant gradients are shown in the coring parts. The constant gradient of one linear zone is equal to the drilling speed of that linear zone. The drilling speeds of the eight linear zones in the coring part vary from 0.155 m/min (meter per minute) to 0.418 m/min. The corresponding average thrust pressure, average upward pressure, and average revolution of each zone in the coring part are set up to fluctuate in a small range of 2.688–2.958 MPa, 0.451–0.558 MPa, and 113–120 r/min (revolution per minute), respectively. The pulling drill chuck upward parts contain four zones (Zones a0∗ , a5∗ , a10∗ , and a12∗ ) with occasional auxiliary intermission (Zone a4∗ ). The pulling speed increases to the range of 2.548–2.645 m/min, the average thrust pressure decreases to the range of 0.615–0.646 MPa, and the average upward pressure increases to the range of 1.403–1.754 MPa.

Real-time factual data for the drilling process of hydraulic rotary coring along this drillhole.

Wang X.F., Zhang Z.J., Yue W.V, & Yue Z.Q. (2023). Digitalization of hydraulic rotary drilling process for continuously mechanical profiling of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Scientific Reports, 13, 3701.
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Publication 2023
Cerebrovascular Accident Drill Head Overbite Pressure
3
Healthy Female Participants in Craniofacial Study
Twenty-five healthy right-handed females (25.2 ± 4.5 years old; body weight, 51.7 ± 6.0 kg; body height, 162.7 ± 3.5 mm; and length of the left upper limb, 51.9 ± 1.9 mm) were recruited from the Fourth Military Medical University (FMMU). All subjects had 28–32 teeth that arranged well with the Class I molar relationship and optimal 2 to 5 mm overbite and overjet. The exclusion criteria included known signs, symptoms, or history of temporomandibular disorders, craniocervical disorders [17 (link)], previous craniofacial trauma, bruxism history, known periodontal problems, history of tooth restorations or orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery, gum-chewing habit (over 30 min a day) [18 (link)], or disease history of the upper limbs. All volunteers signed informed consent, and the FMMU Institutional Review Board Committee approved the procedures. The study was conducted following the ethical standards in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.
Zhou L., Li B., Zheng X., Guo S., Zhang Y., Chen C., Wang K, & Wang M. (2023). Uptight responses between clenching and forearm raising with factors of visual feedback and maintenance effort in healthy young women: An experimental study on factorial design. BMC Oral Health, 23, 98.
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Publication 2023
Body Height Body Weight Bruxism Females Military Personnel Molar Overbite Overjet, Dental Periodontium Surgeries, Maxillofacial Orthognathic Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Tooth Upper Extremity Voluntary Workers Wounds and Injuries
4
Prevalence and Factors of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Saudi Arabia
This is a cross-sectional observational study that was conducted using an online survey in the Al-Madinah region of Saudi Arabia from March 2022 to August 2022. The survey consisted of a well-structured questionnaire about the prevalence of ETD and its associated factors among the general public in the region. The questionnaire included items on the demographic characteristics of the respondents, factors related to ETD, and its effect on the quality of life of the population in Al-Madinah.
The inclusion criteria for the study included respondents in the region who were 18 years of age or older and who agreed to participate, while those who were under 18 and those who declined to participate were excluded. All participants with allergy, asthma, nasal polyps, tobacco use, ciliary dyskinesia, cystic fibrosis, a past history of ear disease, sensorineural hearing loss, OME, a history of ear infection, prior sinus surgery, exposure to cold/flu symptoms or self-reported allergic rhinitis, exposure to dental overbite, or a confirmed diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis were also excluded.
The sample size was calculated using the World Health Organization’s sample size calculator, a confidence level of 95% with a margin of error 5%, and a population size of 2,188,138 from the general public in the Al-Madinah region. The minimum sample size was 380.
This study was conducted on the general population. The questionnaire used in the study was approved by the institutional review board of King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia [13 ]. The ETDQ-7, a scoring system designed to evaluate the symptoms associated with obstructive ETD, was used in the study [12 (link),14 (link)]. It consists of seven items, each with a score ranging from 1 to 7, for a total score of between 7 and 49 points. A total score of 14.5 or above, or an individual mean score of 2.5 or above, is considered abnormal, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.
The original English version of the ETDQ-7 was translated into Arabic by two independent native Arabic doctors with excellent knowledge of English. The Arabic version was then translated back into English by two independent native English doctors with excellent knowledge of Arabic. The authors compared the back-translated version to the original English version and resolved any differences. This process was followed to ensure that all aspects of the questionnaire were clearly understood by readers. To avoid recall bias, participants were instructed to answer the questions on the ETDQ-7 based on the symptoms they had experienced in the past month.
The study received approval from the Ministry of Health, and participation was voluntary (Registration number: H-03-M-84). Participants were allowed to withhold their consent to participate, and all data from the questionnaire were kept confidential, with only the researchers having access to the participants’ information.
The data were organized in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA). Categorical variables were described using frequency tables, while continuous variables were described using means and standard deviations. Statistical significance was determined using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and the independent samples t-test. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Alshamani M.R., Alandijani H.A., Alhussaini O.M., Alharbi R.A., Almeshaly S.S., Alraddadi A.F., Zakareya B.F., Alrehaili R.D., Alkenani F.A, & Jorob S.M. (2023). Prevalence of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction and Its Associated Factors Among the General Public in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 15(1), e33748.
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Publication 2023
Asthma Ciliary Motility Disorders Common Cold Cystic Fibrosis Dental Health Services Diagnosis Ear Diseases Ear Infection Ethics Committees, Research Hypersensitivity Mental Recall Nasal Polyps Operative Surgical Procedures Overbite Physicians Rhinitis, Allergic Sensorineural Hearing Loss Sinuses, Nasal
5
Craniofacial Morphometry in Skeletal Discrepancies
Based on the Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA), which indicates the vertical skeletal discrepancies, the participants were divided into three groups: high-angle group (participants with an FMA ≥ 31.0°), average-angle group (FMA > 24.0° but <31.0°), and low-angle group (FMA ≤ 24.0°). From each cephalogram, 13 angular and 8 linear items were measured to evaluate the morphometry of the anterior cranial base, maxilla, and mandible, as shown in Figure 1. The angular and linear measurement items are defined as follows.
Angular measurement items:

SNA angle: anteroposterior maxillary position relative to the anterior cranial base.

SNB angle: anteroposterior mandibular position relative to the anterior cranial base.

ANB angle: the anteroposterior relationship between the maxilla and mandible.

Facial angle: chin prominence relative to the Frankfort horizontal plane.

Y-axis: angle between the sella-gnathion line and Frankfort horizontal plane.

Gonial angle: angle between the mandibular and ramus planes.

FMA: divergence of the mandibular plane relative to the Frankfort horizontal plane.

Occlusal plane angle: angle between the occlusal plane and the sella and nasion line.

Palatal plane angle: angle between the anterior and posterior nasal spine line and Frankfort horizontal plane.

U1 to SN: the labiolingual inclination of the maxillary central incisors relative to the anterior cranial base.

Interincisal angle: angle between the long axes of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors.

IMPA: labiolingual inclination of the mandibular central incisors relative to the mandibular plane.

FMIA: labiolingual inclination of the mandibular central incisors relative to the Frankfort horizontal plane.

Linear measurement items:

SN: anteroposterior length of the anterior cranial base.

Overbite: a vertical gap between the maxillary and mandibular central incisal edges along a line perpendicular to the occlusal plane.

Overjet: the anteroposterior gap between the maxillary and mandibular central incisal edges along the occlusal plane.

Wits appraisal: the anteroposterior distance between the lines extending perpendicular to the occlusal plane from points A and B.

N-Me: the distance between the nasion and menton, indicating anterior facial height.

Ar-Go: the distance between the articulare and gonion, indicating mandibular ramus height.

Ar-Me: the distance between the articulare and menton, indicating effective mandibular length.

Go-Me: the distance between the gonion and menton, indicating mandibular body length.

Sawada M., Suetake S., Yamada H., Higashino M., Abe S, & Tanaka E. (2023). Orthodontic Treatment Does Not Affect Frontal Sinus Development in Female Adults: A Clinical Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(3), 778.
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Publication 2023
Base of Skull Chin Epistropheus Face Human Body Incisor isopropyl methylphosphonic acid Mandible Maxilla Nose Occlusal Plane Overbite Overjet, Dental Skeleton Venous Catheter, Central Vertebral Column

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More about "Overbite"

Overbite, also known as overjet or malocclusion, is a common dental condition characterized by the upper teeth extending significantly beyond the lower teeth when the mouth is closed.
This misalignment can lead to various oral health issues, such as difficulty chewing, increased risk of tooth damage, and changes in facial appearance.
Overbite can be caused by genetic factors, habits like thumb-sucking, or developmental issues.
Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may involve orthodontic interventions like braces or clear aligners from Elyra PS.1 AxioObserver Z1, are important for maintaining good oral health and preventing further complications.
Effective management of overbite can help improve overall dental function and aesthetics.
SPSS Statistics version 21 and JMP 14 statistical software can be used to analyze data and assess the effectiveness of treatment options.
Materialize mimics and Proplan CMF may also be utilized in the planning and execution of orthodontic procedures.
Additionally, the IXon DU-897 and GE1000 imaging technologies can be employed to capture detailed visuals of the dentition, aiding in diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
The TruSeq Nano DNA Sample Prep Kit may be used to analyze genetic factors that contribute to overbite development.
By addressing overbite through a combination of clinical interventions and advanced technologies, individuals can enjoy improved chewing abilities, reduced risk of tooth damage, and enhanced facial appearance.
Proper management of this condition can lead to better overall oral health and quality of life.