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> Disorders > Congenital Abnormality > Female Pseudohermaphroditism

Female Pseudohermaphroditism

Female Pseudohermaphroditism is a rare condition where individuals with female external genitalia have internal male reproductive organs.
This can be due to genetic or hormonal factors that alter sexual differentiation during development.
Effective research into the underlying causes and optimal treatment approaches is crucial for improving outcomes for those affected.
PubCompare.ai can help streamline your Female Pseudohermaphroditism research by locating the most relavent protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and providing in-depth comparisons to identify the best methodologies.
Enhance your research reproducibility and accuarcy with this powerful AI-powered platform.

Most cited protocols related to «Female Pseudohermaphroditism»

1
Gender Role Classification Methodology
In the literature there are multiple methods for classifying people into gender roles. The most common method uses the median split. This method was used in a recent study of an elderly population [19 (link)] and avoids methodological issues that occur when other approaches are used [37 ]. Therefore the median split method was used to classify the gender roles of these participants. First the median for the whole sample was established for both the masculine and the feminine scales. Then individual scores for each participant on the femininity scale and the masculinity scale were calculated and compared to the median. Scores that fell at the median were classified as “high” rather than “low” scores. If the individual’s mean score was below the median on both the feminine and masculine scales, he/she was classified as undifferentiated. If the individual’s mean scores on both the masculine and feminine scales were equal to or above the median that individual was classified as androgynous. Those people who were equal to or higher than the median on the feminine scale and lower on the masculine scale were classified as feminine. Finally, those who were equal to or higher than the median on the masculine scale and lower on the feminine scale were classified as masculine (see Figure 2).
Carver L.F., Vafaei A., Guerra R., Freire A, & Phillips S.P. (2013). Gender Differences: Examination of the 12-Item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12) in an Older Brazilian Population. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e76356.
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Publication 2013
Aged Female Pseudohermaphroditism Femininity Masculinity
2
Transgender Identity Categorization in Research
Gender assigned at birth was assessed as male, female, or intersex. Intersex participants were excluded because of a low base rate (n = 11) and difficulty categorizing them as either male or female assigned at birth, a key component for the current study. Participants selected all gender identities that were applicable: “male,” “female,” “transgender,” “female-to-male transgender/FTM,” “male-to-female transgender/MTF,” “trans male/transmasculine,” “trans female/transfeminine,” “genderqueer,” “gender expansive,” “intersex,” “androgynous,” “nonbinary,” “two-spirited,” “third gender,” “agender,” “not sure,” and “other.” A 7-category gender identity variable was created, including cisgender male; cisgender female; transgender male (including participants who reported female gender assigned at birth and male, female-to-male transgender/FTM, and/or trans male or transmasculine identities); transgender female (including participants who reported male gender assigned at birth and female, male-to-female transgender/MTF, and/or trans female or transfeminine identities); nonbinary assigned female at birth; nonbinary assigned male at birth; and questioning gender identity (including participants who selected not sure and no other gender identities). Adolescents were categorized as nonbinary if they reported a genderqueer, gender expansive, intersex, androgynous, nonbinary, two-spirited, third gender, or agender gender identity and no binary gender identities. In other words, adolescents were not categorized as “nonbinary” if they selected any of the binary identities. This approach to categorization was supported by post hoc analyses examining group means of suicidality outcomes, which indicated that TGAs who selected a combination of binary and nonbinary identities were more similar to TGAs who selected only binary identities than to TGAs who selected only nonbinary identities. Questioning adolescents could not be divided by gender assigned at birth because of small cell sizes.
Thoma B.C., Salk R.H., Choukas-Bradley S., Goldstein T.R., Levine M.D, & Marshal M.P. (2019). Suicidality Disparities Between Transgender and Cisgender Adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(5), e20191183.
Publication 2019
Adolescent Childbirth Female Pseudohermaphroditism Females Gender Identity Genitalia, Female Male Genital Organs Males Transgendered Persons
3
Gender Identification in Research Authorship
We use US Social Security Administration records to determine gender from first names. The US Social Security Administration website (http://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/) makes available the top 1000 names annually for each of the 153 million boys and 143 million girls born from 1880–2010. (These data acknowledge only two genders.) We assume we can identify an author's gender if the author's first name is associated with a single gender in social security records at least 95% of the time, as with ‘Mary’, or ‘John’. Otherwise, as with ‘Leslie’ or ‘Sidney’, we are unable to identify the gender and do not include that author in our analysis. Since in any given era, androgynous names are more likely to be females, this may slightly downwardly bias our estimates of women [17] . Similarly, we are unable to classify names that never appear in the top 1000 for either gender in the US records. As a result, authors of some nationalities may be underrepresented in our data set. In a few rare cases national differences may cause misleading assignments for non-US authors (e.g. ‘Andrea’ is typically a female name in the US but a male name in Italy). By this method we are able to assign genders to 6879 unique first names: 3809 female and 3070 male.
We extracted the first names of all authors in the JSTOR network dataset, discarding those authors who list only initials. An instance of authorship consists of a person and a paper for which the person is designated as a co-author. There are 3.6 million authorships in the JSTOR network dataset; of these we are able to extract a full first name for 2.8 million authorships (77%) associated with 1.5 million papers. (The exclusion of authors with only first initials may exclude women authors disproportionately, particularly in early eras when women may have been more likely than men to publish with initials to avoid potential discrimination.) Of these 2.8 million authorships with full first names, we are able to confidently assign gender to 73.3%. The remaining authorships involve names not in the US social security top 1000 lists (24.3%), or names associated with both genders (2.4%). The final data analyzed include all papers where we know the gender of one or more authors.
West J.D., Jacquet J., King M.M., Correll S.J, & Bergstrom C.T. (2013). The Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship. PLoS ONE, 8(7), e66212.
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Publication 2013
Boys Childbirth Discrimination, Psychology estrogen receptor alpha, human Female Pseudohermaphroditism Females Males Woman
4
Foot Volatiles Attract Anopheles gambiae
Skin emanations from each individual were collected twice on three different days by rubbing six glass beads [9] (link) (15 mm in diameter, contained in a Teflon holder, Figure S1) for 10 min. against the underside of the left foot. Feet produce volatiles that are attractive to An. gambiae and there is evidence that this body part produces volatiles that influence the selection of biting sites by this mosquito species [18] (link). Beads with skin emanations were tested for attractiveness to female An. gambiae in a dual-choice olfactometer (1.60×0.66×0.43 m) against a standard ammonia concentration of 136 ppm for six times in total: two consecutive assays on each of three mornings [9] (link). Release of test stimuli was alternated between left and right ports of the trapping devices of the olfactometer to rule out any positional effects. Air speed at the ports was 0.21±0.01 m/s. The experimental room was maintained at a temperature of 27.9±0.7°C and a relative humidity of 62.3±5.8%. The temperature inside the flight chamber was 27.9±1.7°C and the humidity 69.0±4.6%. The humidity of the air led into the trapping devices was maintained above 80% and its temperature was 28.0±1.5°C.After use, the trapping devices were washed in a dishwasher at 45°C with biological soap (Sonnett tabs, Sonnet OHG, Germany). The glass beads were cleaned by rinsing in a solution of 10% Helmanex® II cleaning concentrate (Hellma GmbG & Co KG, Germany) in water, subsequently in distilled water, and finally in ethanol (99.8% purity; Merck, Germany). The rinsed beads were dried in an oven at 200°C for at least one h. Between experiments, the Teflon holder was cleaned with 70% ethanol and quick-dried with a heat gun (Ferm B.V., The Netherlands).
Verhulst N.O., Qiu Y.T., Beijleveld H., Maliepaard C., Knights D., Schulz S., Berg-Lyons D., Lauber C.L., Verduijn W., Haasnoot G.W., Mumm R., Bouwmeester H.J., Claas F.H., Dicke M., van Loon J.J., Takken W., Knight R, & Smallegange R.C. (2011). Composition of Human Skin Microbiota Affects Attractiveness to Malaria Mosquitoes. PLoS ONE, 6(12), e28991.
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Publication 2011
Ammonia Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Culicidae Ethanol Female Pseudohermaphroditism Foot Humidity Medical Devices Parts, Body Skin Teflon Woman
5
Recombinant Expression and Purification of MyTH4-FERM Cassette
A DNA fragment encoding the MyTH4–FERM cassette (residues 1486–2058) of human myosin-X was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into the pET47b [+] vector (Novagen). To prevent degradation, nucleotides encoding residues 1872–1891 of the extra loop were deleted from the plasmid using inverse PCR. The PCR-amplified nucleotides encoding human DCC (residues 1390–1447), α1A-tubulin (399–451), β2B-tubulin (390–445) and integrin β5 cytoplasmic tail (743–799) were cloned into the pET49b [+] vectors (Novagen). All plasmids were verified by DNA sequencing and transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21Star (DE3) (Invitrogen) cells for protein expression.
Protein expression was performed at 20°C in Luria-Bertani medium containing 0.1 mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Cells expressing the myosin-X MyTH4–FERM cassette were harvested, suspended in 20 mM Tris–HCl buffer (pH 8.5) containing 150 mM NaCl and disrupted by sonication. After ultracentrifugation, the supernatant was applied onto a Ni-NTA resin (Qiagen) and treated with HRV3C protease to remove the N-terminal hexahistidine tag. Eluted proteins were further purified by cation exchange (HiTrap SP HP, GE Healthcare) and gel filtration (Superdex 200 pg, GE healthcare) chromatography. For preparation of the DCC P3, tubulin tail and integrin peptides, wet cells expressing proteins were suspended in 20 mM Tris–HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 150 mM NaCl and disrupted by sonication. Following ultracentrifugation, the supernatant was purified by glutathione-Sepharose 4B column (GE Healthcare), anion exchange (HiTrap Q HP, GE Healthcare) and gel filtration (Superdex 75 pg, GE Healthcare) chromatography. For crystallization, the GST-fused DCC P3 peptide was treated with HRV3C protease to remove the N-terminal GST tag. Separately purified myosin-X MyTH4–FERM cassette and DCC P3 peptide were mixed and the 1:1 complex was purified using gel filtration chromatography.
For structure determination, protein expression of the selenomethione (SeMet)-labelled MyTH4–FERM cassette was performed in M9 medium containing SeMet under conditions inhibiting the methionine biosynthesis pathway (Doublié, 1997 ). The expression conditions and purification procedures were the same as those used for the native protein. The purified proteins were verified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI–TOF-MS; Bruker Daltonics).
Hirano Y., Hatano T., Takahashi A., Toriyama M., Inagaki N, & Hakoshima T. (2011). Structural basis of cargo recognition by the myosin-X MyTH4–FERM domain. The EMBO Journal, 30(13), 2734-2747.
Publication 2011
Anions Biosynthetic Pathways Cells Chromatography Cloning Vectors Crystallization Cytoplasm DNA, A-Form Escherichia coli Female Pseudohermaphroditism Gel Chromatography Glutathione His-His-His-His-His-His Homo sapiens Integrins Inverse PCR Methionine Myosin ATPase Nucleotides Peptide Hydrolases peptide P3 Peptides Plasmids Polymerase Chain Reaction Proteins Resins, Plant Sepharose 4B Sodium Chloride Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Strains Tail Tromethamine Tubulin Ultracentrifugation

Most recents protocols related to «Female Pseudohermaphroditism»

1
Students' Perceptions of AI Teachers in Elementary Schools
Convenience sampling was used in this study to select pupils in grades 3–6 from six elementary schools. Their educational environments and resources were similar. A total of 734 questionnaires were distributed on site, and 684 were collected, with effective recovery of 93%. There were no missing values or errors in recording. 19 records were deleted because they showed outliers. As shown in Table 2, the participants included 341 boys and 324 girls, ranging in age from 9 to 12. Among them, 398 participants did not know about AI teachers until watching the video, the rest of them (267) had known AI teachers six months ago. Some 641 participants had never used AI teachers before. As to the sex of AI teachers, 90 participants preferred male, 206 preferred female, 129 wanted androgynous, 127 did not care, and the rest (113) thought it should depend on subject areas that AI teachers took charge of.

Characteristics of the participants

QuestionsFrequencyRatio
Sex
  ①Boy34151.3%
  ②Girl32448.7%
  Total665100%
When did you know that educational service robots could be used as teachers?
  ①In six months39859.8%
  ②Six months to a year7311.0%
  ③After watching the video6910.4%
  ④One year to three years456.80%
  ⑤More than three years8012.0%
  Total665100%
Have you ever used AI teachers in school?
  ①Never used64196.3%
  ②1–3 times81.2%
  ③4–6 times111.7%
  ④More than 6 times50.8%
  Total665100%
Which sex of AI teachers do you prefer?
  ①Male9013.5%
  ②Female20631.0%
  ③Androgynous12919.4%
  ④I don’t care12719.1%
  ⑤Depend on subjects taught by AI teachers11317.0%
  Total665100%
Chen S., Qiu S., Li H., Zhang J., Wu X., Zeng W, & Huang F. (2023). An integrated model for predicting pupils’ acceptance of artificially intelligent robots as teachers. Education and Information Technologies.
Publication 2023
Boys Female Pseudohermaphroditism Females Males NRG2 protein, human Pupil Teaching Woman
2
Measuring Gender and Personality Traits
Gender categories, femininity scores, and masculinity scores were derived from a modified version of the 12-item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), which has been used and validated in populations of older adults in multiple different cultures in the past decade (31 (link)–35 (link)). The 12-item BSRI includes six instrumental/masculine (I/M) traits (leadership abilities, strong personality, acts as leader, dominant, makes decisions easily, defends own beliefs) and six expressive/feminine (E/F) traits (warm, gentle, affectionate, sympathetic, sensitive to other’s needs, tender)(31 (link)). Following this scoring methods, participants typically evaluate the extent to which a series of traits apply to them using a seven-point Likert scale (31 (link)). To facilitate questionnaire administration over the phone during the COVID-19 pandemic, a five-point Likert scale was used. Each participant’s mean E/F and I/M scores were calculated and then compared to the sample median (31 (link)). Those who were above the median on E/F traits but below on I/M traits were classified as feminine, while those above the median on I/M traits but below on E/F traits were classified as masculine. Individuals who were above or below the median on both E/F and I/M traits were classified as androgynous or undifferentiated, respectively.
Shapiro J.R., Seddu K., Park H.S., Lee J.S., Creisher P.S., Yin A., Shea P., Kuo H., Li H., Abrams E., Leng S.X., Morgan R, & Klein S.L. (2023). The intersection of biological sex and gender in adverse events following seasonal influenza vaccination in older adults. Research Square.
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Publication Preprint 2023
Aged COVID 19 Female Pseudohermaphroditism Femininity Gender Masculinity Population Group SERPINA3 protein, human
3
Diverse Sexual and Gender Identities
From the 2019 data set (n = 808), there were 26.36% (n = 213) individuals that identify as gay, 24.13% (n = 195) identify as bisexual, 23.89% (n = 193) identify as queer, 13.99% (n = 113) identify as lesbian, 9.65% (n = 78) identify as other, and 1.98% (n = 16) identified as heterosexual/straight (Table 1). Out of the total participants, 58.91% did not use the any of the gender identity terms, 9.16% identified as transgender man, 7.55% identified as other, 6.31% identified as genderqueer, 5.69% identified as gender nonconforming, 3.96% identified as fluid, 2.85% identified as transgender, 1.61% identified as androgynous, and 1.36% identified as female to male (Table 2). There was only 0.99% that identified as transgender woman, 0.87% identified as two-spirit, and 0.62% identified as male to female.
Questions pertaining to demographics of the participants were placed at the end of the survey, for the age of the participant question only 789 responses were reported due to survey fatigue. The age of participants (n = 789) was 34.85% (n = 282) were 18–20 years of age, 32.70% (n = 264) were 21–30 years of age, 23.32% (n = 188) were less than 18 years of age, and 6.46% (n = 52) of participants identified as 31–40 years of age (Table 3). There were 19 individuals who did not respond to the question of age. The race of participants was 50.9% identified as Caucasian, 16.63% identified as Latino, 10.46% identified as Black or African American, 7.37% identified as Biracial/Multiracial, 7.27% identified as Asian, Pacific Islander, or Indian, 3.98% identified as Native American (including Alaska or Hawaii), 1.89% identified as other, and 1.49% preferred not to identify as race (Table 4).
Tillewein H., Shokeen N., Powers P., Rijo Sánchez A.J., Sandles-Palmer S, & Desjarlais K. (2023). Silencing the Rainbow: Prevalence of LGBTQ+ Students Who Do Not Report Sexual Violence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2020.
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Publication 2023
African American American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Persons Bisexuals Caucasoid Races Fatigue Female Pseudohermaphroditism Gender Gender Identity Heterosexuals Homosexuals Latinos Lesbians Males Pacific Islander Americans Transgendered Persons Woman
4
C. butyricum FERM BP-2789 Feed Additive Assessment
The present assessment is based on data submitted by the applicant in the form of a technical dossier4 in support of the authorisation request for the use of C. butyricum FERM BP‐2789 (Miya‐Gold®) as a feed additive.
In accordance with Article 38 of the Regulation (EC) No 178/20025 and taking into account the protection of confidential information and of personal data in accordance with Articles 39 to 39 e of the same Regulation, and of the Decision of EFSA's Executive Director laying down practical arrangements concerning transparency and confidentiality,6 a non‐confidential version of the dossier has been published on Open.EFSA.7According to Article 32c(2) of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 and to the Decision of EFSA's Executive Director laying down the practical arrangements on pre‐submission phase and public consultations,8 EFSA carried out a public consultation on the non‐confidential version of the application from 28 November to 19 December 2022. Two entries were registered but the comments submitted dimmed as not relevant to the scope of the public consultation, and therefore, were not considered further.
The FEEDAP Panel used the data provided by the applicant together with data from other sources, such as previous risk assessments by EFSA or other expert bodies, to deliver the present output.
The European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) considered that the conclusions and recommendations reached in the previous assessment regarding the methods used for the control of the C. butyricum in animal feed are valid and applicable for the current application.9
Bampidis V., Azimonti G., Bastos M.D., Christensen H., Dusemund B., Durjava M., Kouba M., López‐Alonso M., López Puente S., Marcon F., Mayo B., Pechová A., Petkova M., Ramos F., Sanz Y., Villa R.E., Woutersen R., Brozzi R., Pettenati E., Revez J., Anguita M., Galobart J, & Ortuño J. (2023). Modification of the conditions of the authorisation of Clostridium butyricum FERM BP‐2789 (Miya‐Gold®) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and minor avian species (excluding laying birds) (Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd). EFSA Journal, 21(2), e07818.
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Publication 2023
Female Pseudohermaphroditism Gold Health Risk Assessment Human Body
5
Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Clostridium butyricum
The approach followed by the FEEDAP Panel to assess the safety and the efficacy of Clostridium butyricum FERM BP‐2789 (Miya‐Gold®) is in line with the principles laid down in Regulation (EC) No 429/200810 and the relevant guidance documents: Guidance on the identity, characterisation and conditions of use of feed additives (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2017 (link)) and Guidance on the assessment of the efficacy of feed additives (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2018 (link)).
Bampidis V., Azimonti G., Bastos M.D., Christensen H., Dusemund B., Durjava M., Kouba M., López‐Alonso M., López Puente S., Marcon F., Mayo B., Pechová A., Petkova M., Ramos F., Sanz Y., Villa R.E., Woutersen R., Brozzi R., Pettenati E., Revez J., Anguita M., Galobart J, & Ortuño J. (2023). Modification of the conditions of the authorisation of Clostridium butyricum FERM BP‐2789 (Miya‐Gold®) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and minor avian species (excluding laying birds) (Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd). EFSA Journal, 21(2), e07818.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Clostridium butyricum Female Pseudohermaphroditism Gold Safety

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More about "Female Pseudohermaphroditism"

Female pseudohermaphroditism, also known as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), is a rare condition where individuals with female external genitalia have internal male reproductive organs.
This can be caused by genetic or hormonal factors that alter sexual differentiation during development.
Effective research into the underlying causes and optimal treatment approaches is crucial for improving outcomes for those affected.
PubCompare.ai can help streamline your research on female pseudohermaphroditism by locating the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and providing in-depth comparisons to identify the best methodologies.
This powerful AI-powered platform can enhance your research reproducibility and accuracy.
Researchers investigating female pseudohermaphroditism may also find the following relevant information useful: PHY300PLK is a high-fidelity DNA polymerase that can be used for accurate DNA amplification, while E2621 is a gentamicin antibiotic that may be used in treatment.
Ciprofloxacin is another antibiotic that could be relevant, and BL21 (DE3) E. coli is a common bacterial strain used in research.
The Oxi/Ferm Pluri Test and VITEK®2 GN identification cards can be used for bacterial identification, and Motility Test Agar can assess bacterial motility.
Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that may also play a role in treatment approaches for female pseudohermaphroditism.
By incorporating these relevant terms and concepts, researchers can deepen their understanding of this condition and optimize their investigations.