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Fetal Anomalies

Fetal Anomalies refer to a wide range of structural or functional abnormalities that occur during prenatal development.
These anomalies can involve various organ systems and may be detected prenatally or at birth.
Fetal Anomalies can have a significant impact on a child's health and development, underscoring the importance of early detection and appropriate management.
This MeSH term encompasses a diverse array of conditions, including neural tube defects, congenital heart disease, skeletal dysplasias, and chromosomal abnormalities.
Reserchers and clinicians can leverage PubCompare.ai's innovative tools to optimze their workflow, enhance reproducibility, and unlock insights that advance the understanding and treatment of fetal anomalies.

Most cited protocols related to «Fetal Anomalies»

1
Mild Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluation of Treatment
Women were invited to participate in this study if, between 24 weeks 0 days and 30 weeks 6 days of gestation, they had a blood glucose concentration between 135 and 200 mg per deciliter (between 7.5 and 11.1 mmol per liter) 1 hour after a 50-g glucose loading test. Women were excluded if they had preexisting diabetes, an abnormal result on a glucose screening test before 24 weeks of gestation, prior gestational diabetes, a history of stillbirth, multifetal gestation, asthma, or chronic hypertension; if they were taking corticosteroids; if there was a known fetal anomaly; or if imminent or preterm delivery was likely because of maternal disease or fetal conditions. All the women who pa rticipated in the study provided written informed consent. The study was approved by the human subjects committee at each participating center.
After an overnight fast, eligible women completed a blinded 3-hour 100-g oral glucose-tolerance test. Samples were analyzed at a central laboratory, and results were forwarded to the data coordinating center. Mild gestational diabetes mellitus was defined as a fasting glucose level of less than 95 mg per deciliter (5.3 mmol per liter) and two or three timed glucose measurements that exceeded established thresholds: 1-hour, 180 mg per deciliter (10.0 mmol per liter); 2-hour, 155 mg per deciliter (8.6 mmol per liter); and 3-hour, 140 mg per deciliter (7.8 mmol per liter).10 (link) Women who met these criteria were randomly assigned by the coordinating center, with the use of the simple urn method,11 (link) stratified by clinical center. The urn method minimizes the degree of imbalance in the number of patients assigned to each group by increasing the probability of a patient’s assignment to the group that has previously been selected least often. Women were assigned to receive either formal nutritional counseling and diet therapy,12 (link) along with insulin if required (treatment group) or usual prenatal care (control group). In addition, a cohort of women who had a positive result on the 50-g glucose loading test but a normal result on a subsequent oral glucose-tolerance test and who were matched with the study cohort according to race and body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters), dichotomized as less than 27 or 27 or more, were enrolled by the data coordinating center in the group that received usual prenatal care. By including this group of women who did not have gestational diabetes mellitus, the patients, their caregivers, and the study staff were unaware of whether women in the control group met the criteria for the diagnosis of mild gestational diabetes mellitus. Women with a fasting glucose level of 95 mg per deciliter or more on the diagnostic oral glucose-tolerance test were excluded from the study, and their condition was made known to their health care providers.
Ultrasonography was performed in all subjects before the oral glucose-tolerance test to confirm the gestational age. Women who were receiving treatment performed daily self-monitoring of their blood glucose (fasting and 2-hour postprandial measurements) with the use of a portable memory-based reflectance meter. Insulin was prescribed if the majority of fasting values or postprandial values between study visits were elevated (fasting glucose level, ≥95 mg per deciliter or 2-hour postprandial glucose level, ≥120 mg per deciliter [6.7 mmol per liter]). If, during a prenatal visit, there was a clinical suspicion of hyperglycemia in a patient who was in the control group, the blood glucose level could be measured at the discretion of the provider. If a random blood glucose level of 160 mg per deciliter (8.9 mmol per liter) or more or a fasting glucose level of 95 mg per deciliter or more was detected, the patient’s caregiver initiated treatment and notified the local principal investigator and study personnel.
Nonstress testing, biophysical profile testing, and ultrasonography to assess fetal growth were not performed routinely in the treatment group but were reserved for standard obstetrical indications. However, all the women who were enrolled in the study were instructed regarding the daily assessment of fetal activity.13 (link) If delivery was not the result of spontaneous labor, the rationale for the timing and method of delivery was documented.
Landon M.B., Spong C.Y., Thom E., Carpenter M.W., Ramin S.M., Casey B., Wapner R.J., Varner M.W., Rouse D.J., Thorp JM J.r., Sciscione A., Catalano P., Harper M., Saade G., Lain K.Y., Sorokin Y., Peaceman A.M., Tolosa J.E, & Anderson G.B. (2009). A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes. The New England journal of medicine, 361(14), 1339-1348.
Publication 2009
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Asthma Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring Care, Prenatal Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Fetal Anomalies Fetal Diseases Fetal Growth Fetal Movement Gestational Age Gestational Diabetes Glucose High Blood Pressures Homo sapiens Hyperglycemia Index, Body Mass Insulin Memory Mothers Obstetric Delivery Obstetric Labor Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Patients Pregnancy Premature Birth Therapy, Diet Ultrasonography Woman
2
Preterm Delivery Prevention with Magnesium
This trial was conducted at 20 participating Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network sites across the United States. Women were eligible if they were carrying singletons or twins at 24 through 31 weeks of gestation and were at high risk for spontaneous delivery because of rupture of the membranes occurring at 22 through 31 weeks of gestation or because of advanced preterm labor with dilatation of 4 to 8 cm and intact membranes. They were also eligible if an indicated preterm delivery was anticipated within 2 to 24 hours (e.g., because of fetal growth restriction). Women were not eligible if delivery was anticipated within less than 2 hours or if cervical dilatation exceeded 8 cm; in such cases, the intervention was assumed to have little chance of achieving an effect.10 (link) Additional exclusion criteria included rupture of the membranes before 22 weeks, unwillingness of the obstetrician to intervene for the benefit of the fetus, major fetal anomalies or death, maternal hypertension or preeclampsia, maternal contraindications to magnesium sulfate (e.g., severe pulmonary disorders), and receipt of intravenous magnesium sulfate within the previous 12 hours. The use of tocolytic drugs after randomization was proscribed.
The duration of gestation was determined at entry to the trial according to a previously described algorithm11 (link) that uses the date of the last menstrual period (if reliable) and the results of the earliest available ultrasound examination. The study was approved by the institutional review boards of each clinical site and the data coordinating center. All participants gave written informed consent before enrollment.
Rouse D.J., Hirtz D.G., Thom E., Varner M.W., Spong C.Y., Mercer B.M., Iams J.D., Wapner R.J., Sorokin Y., Alexander J.M., Harper M., Thorp JM J.r., Ramin S.M., Malone F.D., Carpenter M., Miodovnik M., Moawad A., O'Sullivan M.J., Peaceman A.M., Hankins G.D., Langer O., Caritis S.N, & Roberts J.M. (2008). A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Magnesium Sulfate for the Prevention of Cerebral Palsy. The New England journal of medicine, 359(9), 895-905.
Publication 2008
Dilatation Dilatations, Cervical Ethics Committees, Research Fetal Anomalies Fetal Growth Retardation Fetus High Blood Pressures Lung Diseases Menstruation Mothers Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician Pharmaceutical Preparations Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Premature Birth Premature Obstetric Labor Rupture, Spontaneous Sulfate, Magnesium Tissue, Membrane Tocolytic Agents Twins Ultrasonography Woman
3
Prenatal Surgery for Myelomeningocele
We conducted the trial at three maternal–fetal surgery centers — the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Vanderbilt University, and the University of California, San Francisco — together with an independent data-coordinating center at George Washington University and with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. All other fetalintervention centers in the United States agreed not to perform prenatal surgery for myelomeningocele while the trial was ongoing. The trial was approved by the institutional review board at each center. The study protocol, including the statistical analysis plan and full inclusion and exclusion criteria, is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
Inclusion criteria were a singleton pregnancy, myelomeningocele with the upper boundary located between T1 and S1, evidence of hindbrain herniation, a gestational age of 19.0 to 25.9 weeks at randomization, a normal karyotype, U.S. residency, and maternal age of at least 18 years. Major exclusion criteria were a fetal anomaly unrelated to myelomeningocele, severe kyphosis, risk of preterm birth (including short cervix and previous preterm birth), placental abruption, a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 35 or more, and contraindication to surgery, including previous hysterotomy in the active uterine segment.
Adzick N.S., Thom E.A., Spong C.Y., Brock JW I.I.I., Burrows P.K., Johnson M.P., Howell L.J., Farrell J.A., Dabrowiak M.E., Sutton L.N., Gupta N., Tulipan N.B., D'Alton M.E, & Farmer D.L. (2011). A Randomized Trial of Prenatal versus Postnatal Repair of Myelomeningocele. The New England journal of medicine, 364(11), 993-1004.
Publication 2011
Abruptio Placentae Care, Prenatal Cervix Uteri Ethics Committees, Research Fetal Anomalies Gestational Age Hernia Hindbrain Hysterotomy Index, Body Mass Karyotyping Kyphosis Meningomyelocele Operative Surgical Procedures Pregnancy Premature Birth Residency Uterus
4
Healthy Pregnancy Cohort Study
Participants without known health, environmental, and/or socioeconomic constraints were invited to participate in the study. Further inclusion criteria were used: living at an altitude lower than 1,500 m and near the study area (intended to promote compliance for the duration of the study and any possible follow-up studies); age ≥ 18 y and ≤ 40 y; body mass index (BMI) 18–30 kg/m2; singleton pregnancy; gestational age at entry between gestational week 8+0 d and 12+6 d according to reliable information on last menstrual period (LMP) and confirmed by ultrasound measurement of fetal crown–rump length; no history of chronic health problems; no long-term medication (including fertility treatment); no environmental or economic constraints likely to impede fetal growth; not smoking currently or in the previous 6 mo; no history of recurrent miscarriages; no previous preterm delivery (<37 wk) or birthweight < 2,500 g; and no evidence in the present pregnancy of congenital disease or fetal anomaly at study entry. Fetal anomalies detected during pregnancy or at birth were noted and verified postnatally. Pregnancies in which small-for-gestation-age fetuses were observed or intrauterine growth restriction was suspected were also noted. All mothers recruited were followed up until the end of the study, apart from those withdrawing consent.
Kiserud T., Piaggio G., Carroli G., Widmer M., Carvalho J., Neerup Jensen L., Giordano D., Cecatti J.G., Abdel Aleem H., Talegawkar S.A., Benachi A., Diemert A., Tshefu Kitoto A., Thinkhamrop J., Lumbiganon P., Tabor A., Kriplani A., Gonzalez Perez R., Hecher K., Hanson M.A., Gülmezoglu A.M, & Platt L.D. (2017). The World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts: A Multinational Longitudinal Study of Ultrasound Biometric Measurements and Estimated Fetal Weight. PLoS Medicine, 14(1), e1002220.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2017
Abortion, Habitual Birth Birth Weight Congenital Disorders Fertility Fetal Anomalies Fetal Growth Fetal Growth Retardation Fetal Ultrasonography Fetus Gestational Age Healthy Volunteers Index, Body Mass Menstruation Mothers Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Premature Birth
5
Umbilical Cord Lactate for Neonatal Outcomes
This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive deliveries at Washington University in St. Louis Medical Center from 2009 to 2014. The study was approved by the Washington University School of Medicine Human Research Protection Office.
Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies at term, vertex presentation, and labor prior to delivery. Multiple gestations and pregnancies with fetal anomalies were excluded. Term pregnancy was defined as gestational age ≥37 weeks. Pregnancies were dated by a woman’s last menstrual period and confirmed with first or second trimester ultrasound [14 (link)]. Demographic information, medical and surgical history, obstetric and gynecologic history, prenatal history and detailed labor and delivery information were abstracted from patients’ charts by trained research nurses.
Umbilical cord blood was collected immediately after infant delivery, prior to knowledge of neonatal outcomes as previously described [7 (link)]. Briefly, a policy of universal umbilical cord gas and lactate measurement was instituted prior to the study. Both arterial and venous blood samples are obtained from a clamped segment of cord immediately after delivery. Umbilical blood lactate is measured from whole blood using an automated benchtop analyzer (DXC-800 Automated Chemistry Analyser, Beckman Coulter). As previously reported the coefficient of variation of the lactate assay in our laboratory is 2.9% [7 (link)]. Umbilical arterial blood samples were validated to be arterial or venous by ensuring that pH was at least 0.02 lower in the artery than the vein [15 (link)].
The outcome measures were arterial lactic acidemia and a composite neonatal outcome. Umbilical arterial lactic acidemia was defined as arterial lactate >3.9 mmol/L based on a prior study in our institution [7 (link)]. The composite neonatal outcome was made up of neonatal death and any of a number of neonatal morbidities including endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, meconium aspiration syndrome, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and therapeutic hypothermia as previously reported [7 (link)]. Components of the composite were diagnosed by the attending neonatologist, without knowledge of the umbilical cord lactate levels. Meconium aspiration syndrome was diagnosed based on the presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid, neonatal respiratory distress, and characteristic radiographic abnormalities [16 (link)]. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was diagnosed based on the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) criteria [17 (link)]. Administration of therapeutic hypothermia was indicated for neonates meeting the following criteria per institutional protocol: ≥36 weeks gestational age at birth, moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with or without seizures, and any one of 10-minute Apgar score <5, prolonged resuscitation at birth, severe acidosis (pH < 7.1) on cord or neonate blood gas analysis within 60 minutes of birth, or base deficit (>12 mmol/L) on cord or neonate blood gas analysis within 60 minutes of birth [18 (link)]. Only one morbidity was counted per patient for the composite.
Baseline characteristics were calculated for the entire cohort and compared between women with and without the composite neonatal outcome. Continuous variables were compared using the Student’s t test while categorical variables were compared using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Normality of distribution of the continuous variables was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
We used linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between umbilical cord arterial and venous lactate. We constructed receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves to assess the predictive ability of umbilical venous lactate for arterial lactic acidemia, and to compare the predictive ability of venous and arterial lactate for the composite neonatal outcome. The ‘optimal’ cut-point of venous lactate for predicting arterial lactic acidemia was estimated based on the maximal Youden index [19 (link)]. The cut-point corresponding to the maximal Youden index maximizes the correct classification of subjects [20 (link)]. The area under the ROC curves for venous and arterial lactate were compared using the method described by Delong et al. [21 (link)]. We calculated and compared predictive characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihod ratios) of arterial and venous lactate for neonatal morbidity based on the ‘optimal’ cut-points. Sensitivities and specificities were compared using an extension of the McNemar test [22 (link)]. To explore the effects of using different cut-points of venous lactate on prediction of the composite neonatal outcome, we calculate predictive characteristics for different venous lactate cut-points. These included the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds from the current cohort as well as venous lactate thresholds estimated from arterial lactate thresholds in the literature [2 (link), 23 (link)].
We did not estimate the sample size a priori; all consecutive patients meeting the inclusion criteria during the study period were included. All statistical tests were 2-tailed and P<0.05 was considered significant. Analyses were conducted using STATA software package, version 12, Special Edition (College Station, TX).
Tuuli M.G., Stout M.J., Macones G.A, & Cahill A.G. (2016). Umbilical Cord Venous Lactate for Predicting Arterial Lactic Acidemia and Neonatal Morbidity at Term. Obstetrics and gynecology, 127(4), 674-680.
Publication 2016
Acidosis Amniotic Fluid Apgar Score Arteries Biological Assay Birth BLOOD Blood Gas Analysis Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2 Congenital Abnormality Fetal Anomalies Gestational Age Homo sapiens Hypersensitivity Hypothermia, Induced Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Infant Infant, Newborn Intubation, Intratracheal Lactates Mechanical Ventilation Meconium Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Menstruation Neonatologists Nurses Obstetric Delivery Obstetric Labor Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Prognosis Respiratory Rate Resuscitation Seizures Student Ultrasonography Umbilical Cord Umbilical Cord Blood Umbilical Vein Umbilicus Veins Woman X-Rays, Diagnostic

Most recents protocols related to «Fetal Anomalies»

1
Prenatal Anomalies Screening Protocol
This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Approval number: EC-KT-202210). All the participants provided written informed consent. All participants were recruited from the prenatal diagnosis center of Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2021 to March 2022. Inclusion criterion: Pregnant women who had an indication for amniocentesis, including structural anomalies and a positive result from maternal serum screening or non-invasive prenatal testing. Exclusion criteria: (1) abnormal karyotype or chromosomal microarray analysis results; gestational age beyond 140-154 days; (3) multiple pregnancies; (4) other risk factors for prenatal diagnoses. Finally, 294 participants were included and separated into the discovery (n= 137, from June 2021 to October 2021) and validation (n= 157, from November 2021 to March 2022) cohorts. Fetuses with structural anomalies were categorized into three phenotypic groups based on abnormalities in different organ systems detected by ultrasound, including cardiac, central nervous systems, and renal anomalies. The control group in this study included women with singleton pregnancies whose fetuses had no structural malformations, but who had indications for amniocentesis, including a positive result from maternal serum screening or non-invasive prenatal testing.
Yuan H., Liu C., Wang X., Huang T., Liu D., Huang S., Wu Z., Liu Y., Yin P, & Yang B. (2023). Association between aberrant amino acid metabolism and nonchromosomal modifications fetal structural anomalies: A cohort study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1072461.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Amniocentesis Central Nervous System Children's Health Chromosomes Congenital Abnormality Ethics Committees Fetal Anomalies Fetus Gestational Age Heart Intrauterine Diagnoses Kidney Microarray Analysis Mothers Phenotype Pregnancy Pregnant Women Serum Ultrasonics Woman
2
Repeat Cesarean Delivery Outcomes
This retrospective cohort study included women with one previous LSCS who followed up and delivered their current pregnancy at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia, between January 01, 2016, and December 31, 2017. Hospital USM is a public tertiary care hospital. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of USM, Malaysia, and relevant permissions were obtained from the Director of Hospital USM to review the medical records.
Women who were aged ≥18 years, had singleton pregnancy, and had previously undergone an LSCS for their last delivery were included. Those with a classical CS (previously or in the current pregnancy), presenting for preterm birth (<37 weeks) in the current pregnancy, non-cephalic pregnancy, lethal fetal anomalies, with uterine rupture, with severe pre-eclampsia, and those who underwent elective CS for any other reason in the current pregnancy were excluded from the study.
Wan-Nur-Hajidah W.M., Siti-Azrin A.H., Norsa'adah B., Fauziah J, & Wan-Nor-Asyikeen W.A. (2023). Predictors of Repeat Cesarean Section in Women with One Previous Lower Segment Cesarean Section: A Retrospective Study from Malaysia. Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences, 11(1), 67-72.
Publication 2023
Ethics Committees, Research Fetal Anomalies Homo sapiens Obstetric Delivery Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Premature Birth Uterine Rupture Woman
3
Maternal COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire
This questionnaire consists of five items that evaluate maternal anxiety concerning COVID-19 infection to self and baby as well as pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, fetal anomaly, and preterm birth. This questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of 0.928 (21 (link)). The total score ranged between 5 to 25, and a 50% cut-off level (score ≥13) indicates greater maternal anxiety.
Kalok A., Razak Dali W., Sharip S., Abdullah B., Kamarudin M., Dasrilsyah R.A., Abdul Rahman R, & Kamisan Atan I. (2023). Maternal COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Malaysian pregnant women: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1092724.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Anxiety COVID 19 Fetal Anomalies Infant Miscarriage Mothers Pregnancy Complications Premature Birth Spontaneous Abortion
4
Nationwide Cohort Study of Congenital Heart Disease in Denmark
We designed a nationwide cohort study including all liveborn children with CHD in Denmark from 2008 to 2018, using the following registers: The Danish National Patient Register (21 (link), 22 (link)), with data on all hospital admissions and diagnoses; The Danish Medical Birth Register, with data on all births in Denmark and linkage of child and mother (23 (link), 24 (link)); The Danish Cytogenetic Central Regiser (25 ), with data on all cytogenetic tests in Denmark.
Since 1968 all Danes have been provided with a unique personal identification number that allows for linkage across these national registers (21 (link), 22 (link), 24 (link)).
As part of access to tax-funded public free healthcare in Denmark, pregnant women are offered a first trimester combined screening and a second trimester scan for fetal anomalies. More than 90% of all pregnant Danish women participate in the screening program (2 (link), 26 (link)). Our cohort was matched with the Danish Fetal Medicine Database which holds prenatal screening information including the NT measurements (2 (link), 27 (link)).
Kristensen R., Omann C., Gaynor J.W., Rode L., Ekelund C.K, & Hjortdal V.E. (2023). Increased nuchal translucency in children with congenital heart defects and normal karyotype—is there a correlation with mortality?. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1104179.
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Publication 2023
Child Diagnosis Fetal Anomalies Mothers Patients Pregnant Women Radionuclide Imaging
5
Fetal and Newborn Head Circumference

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Publication 2023
Care, Prenatal Fetal Anomalies Infant, Newborn Mothers Parts, Body Pregnancy Radionuclide Imaging Ultrasonography

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More about "Fetal Anomalies"

Fetal Anomalies, also known as Congenital Abnormalities or Birth Defects, refer to a wide range of structural or functional irregularities that occur during prenatal development.
These anomalies can involve various organ systems, including the neural tube, cardiovascular, skeletal, and chromosomal systems, and may be detected prenatally or at birth.
Early detection and appropriate management of Fetal Anomalies are crucial, as they can have a significant impact on a child's health and development.
Researchers and clinicians can leverage innovative tools, such as those provided by PubCompare.ai, to optimize their workflow, enhance reproducibility, and unlock insights that advance the understanding and treatment of these conditions.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven approach can help locate the best research protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents through intelligent comparisons.
This can be particularly useful for studying Fetal Anomalies, which encompass a diverse array of conditions, including neural tube defects, congenital heart disease, skeletal dysplasias, and chromosomal abnormalities.
By utilizing PubCompare.ai's tools, researchers can explore the future of Fetal Anomaly research, optimizing their workflow and enhancing reproducibility.
This may involve the use of technologies like the Voluson E8 system, Red tiger-top gel separator tubes, BD Vacutainer SST tubes, Ham's F12 media, Stata 13 software, MACS technology, as well as the incorporation of key supplements such as L-glutamine, Penicillin, Streptomycin, and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS).
Through the integration of these innovative tools and resources, researchers and clinicians can deepen their understanding of Fetal Anomalies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and a brighter future for those affected by these complex conditions.