> Disorders > Congenital Abnormality > Thymic aplasia

Thymic aplasia

Q: What is Thymic aplasia?

Thymic aplasia is a rare congenital condition characterized by the complete absence of the thymus gland. This defect can lead to severe immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to infections. Affected individuals may require early diagnoses and specialized treatments to manage their condition.

Q: Are there different variations or types of Thymic aplasia?

Yes, there can be different variations or types of Thymic aplasia. Some cases may involve a partial absence of the thymus gland, while others may be characterized by a complete absence. The specific presentation and severity of the condition can vary depending on the extent of the thymus gland abnormality and the individual's immune system response.

Thymic aplasia: A rare congenital condition characterized by the complete absence of the thymus gland.
This defect can lead to severe immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to infections.
Affected individuals may require early diagnoses and specialized treatments to manage their condition.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered insights can help researchers optimize protocols and identify the most effective interventions for thymic aplasia, streamlining this critical area of immunology reseach.

Most cited protocols related to «Thymic aplasia»

Establishment of LuCaP Patient-Derived Xenograft

All animal procedures were approved by UW Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and according to NIH guidelines. Harvested tumor tissues were evaluated by pathologists, viable tumor tissue was macro dissected to minimize content of stroma, fat and necrotic tissue. The tumor pieces were then immediately placed in ~10 mL of Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) with 20 mg/ml of Gentamicin for 5 minutes, rinsed with DPBS and cut into ~20 mg pieces (about 3–4 mm per cubed side) for implantation. Tumor bits were implanted subcutaneously in 6–8 weeks old intact male athymic Nu/Nu (NU-Foxn1nu) or CB-17 SCID (CB17/Icr-Prkdcscid/IcrCrl) mice (Charles River Laboratory) [18 (link)–20 (link)]. Mice were monitored for up to 18 months post implantation for initial growth. Tumors that grew were passaged into new intact male mice. We set three passages as an indication of an established PDX line. Tumor samples were harvested from later passages (>3) and frozen or embedded in paraffin for characterization. LuCaP PDXs are maintained by constant passaging in SCID mice.

Nguyen H.M., Vessella R.L., Morrissey C., Brown L.G., Coleman I.M., Higano C.S., Mostaghel E.A., Zhang X., True L.D., Lam H., Roudier M., Lange P.H., Nelson P.S, & Corey E. (2017). LuCaP Prostate Cancer Patient‐Derived Xenografts Reflect the Molecular Heterogeneity of Advanced Disease and Serve as Models for Evaluating Cancer Therapeutics. The Prostate, 77(6), 654-671.

Publication 2017

Animals Freezing Gentamicin Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Males Mice, Laboratory Mice, Nude Necrosis Neoplasms Ovum Implantation Paraffin Embedding Pathologists Phosphates pralatrexate Rivers Saline Solution SCID Mice Thymic aplasia Tissues

Establishment of SCLC Patient-Derived Xenografts

Over an 18 month period, discarded tissue from 3 chemo-naive SCLC patients undergoing therapeutic bronchoscopy for acute bronchial obstruction was obtained fresh and transported to the laboratory in 1X PBS at 4°C. All samples were anonymized, and obtained in accordance with the Johns Hopkins University Institutional Review Board. Due to the small amount of material available, the entire sample was used to generate a xenograft. Under aseptic conditions, tumor samples were finely minced with razor blades, vigorously triturated in 1XPBS, passed through a 60μm filter, centrifuged and then resuspended in 500μl of Matrigel (BD Biosciences) at 4°C. Cells were then injected subcutaneously in the flanks of 5 NOD/SCID mice that were monitored for tumor growth. When the P0 tumors reached 1cm in diameter, the mouse was sacrificed and the tumor divided into sections for snap freezing, frozen section, formalin fixation, conventional cell culture or serial passage. All animal studies were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the Johns Hopkins University Animal Care and Use Committee.
Serial passage in vivo was performed by disaggregating the tumor as described above. Aliquots of cells were then injected into the flanks of athymic nude mice in Matrigel, or cryopreserved in 90% RPMI (Invitrogen)/10% DMSO (Sigma). Conventional cell lines were established by seeding an aliquot of disaggregated cells in culture with Advanced RPMI (Invitrogen)/1% Bovine Calf Serum (Invitrogen). Cell lines were passaged and cryopreserved in standard fashion for SCLC cultures. Publically available SCLC cell lines were obtained from ATCC and cultured in Advanced RPMI (Invitrogen)/1% Bovine Calf Serum. Xenografts derived from these conventional cell lines were grown in the flanks of nude mice as described above. Orthotopic xenografts were generated by dorsoscapular, transcutaneous injection of cells suspended in Matrigel into the right lung of nude mice, essentially as described (12 (link)).

Daniel V.C., Marchionni L., Hierman J.S., Rhodes J.T., Devereux W.L., Rudin C.M., Yung R., Parmigani G., Dorsch M., Peacock C.D, & Watkins D.N. (2009). A Primary Xenograft Model of Small Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Irreversible Changes in Gene Expression Imposed by Culture In-Vitro. Cancer research, 69(8), 3364.

Publication 2009

Animals Asepsis Bos taurus Bronchi Bronchoscopy Cell Culture Techniques Cell Lines Cells Cryoultramicrotomy Ethics Committees, Research Formalin Heterografts Lung matrigel Mice, Inbred NOD Mice, Nude Mus Neoplasms Patients SCID Mice Serum Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Therapeutics Thymic aplasia Tissues

Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer

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Publication 2016

Breast Everolimus Growth Factor matrigel MCF-7 Cells Mice, Nude Mus Neoplasms Pad, Fat Pharmaceutical Preparations Rivers Short Hairpin RNA Thymic aplasia

Brain Colonization Assay for Metastatic Cancer

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Publication 2014

Biological Assay Brain Cell Lines Cells derivatives herstatin protein, human Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Ketamine Left Ventricles Luciferins Mice, Laboratory Thymic aplasia Woman Xylazine

Intracranial Transplantation of GSCs for GBM Xenografts

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Publication 2011

Animals Brain Cells Cloning Vectors Heterografts Infection Infection Control Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mice, Nude Mus Neoplasms Ovum Implantation SCID Mice Short Hairpin RNA Thymic aplasia Transplantation

Most recents protocols related to «Thymic aplasia»

Evaluating Tucaresol and Checkpoint Inhibitors in Xenograft Models

Not available on PMC !

Example 7

Five groups including tucaresol, tucaresol plus PD-1 or PD-L1 antibody, tucaresol plus CTLA-4 antibody, CTLA-4 antibody plus PD-1 or PD-L1 antibody, and tucaresol plus plinabulin are tested to determine their effect in an animal xenograft model.

The combined treatment with tucaresol and the checkpoint inhibitor(s) is tested in comparison with the treatment with tucaresol alone, the treatment with checkpoint inhibitor alone, or combination of checkpoint inhibitors. The tests are performed using seven to ten-week old athymic (nu/nu) mice that were injected subcutaneously with human tumor cell lines (of either solid or liquid tumor origin, for example of breast, lung, colon, brain, liver, leukemia, myeloma, lymphoma, sarcoma, pancreatic or renal origin). Six to ten testing groups are prepared, and each group includes 10 mice.

Each treatment starts at tumor size between 40-150 mm³and continues until Day 24-56, when the animals are necropsied. To determine the efficacy of each treatment, the following data are collected: mortality; the body weight of the mice assessed twice weekly both prior to treatments; the rate of tumor growth as determined by the tumor size measurement (twice every week); the tumor growth index; overall survival rate; the tumor weight at necropsy; and the time required to increase tumor size 10 fold.

US11857522B2. Compositions containing tucaresol or its analogs (2024-01-02). BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Ramon Mohanlal [US], Lan Huang [US], George Kenneth Lloyd [US].

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Patent 2024

Animal Model Animals Autopsy Body Weight Brain Breast CD274 protein, human Cell Cycle Checkpoints Cell Line, Tumor Colon Combined Modality Therapy CTLA4 protein, human Genes, Neoplasm GZMB protein, human Heterografts Homo sapiens Immunoglobulins inhibitors Kidney Leukemia Liver Lung Lymphoma Mice, Nude Multiple Myeloma Mus Neoplasms Pancreas plinabulin Sarcoma Thymic aplasia tucaresol

Evaluating PIP and DOX in Osteosarcoma

Female Balb/c athymic mice (5–6 weeks old) were purchased from Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology (Beijing, China).This study was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (no. SYDWLS 2022014, 2022-05-10). All animal experimental practices were in accordance with the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The right axilla (forearm) of each mouse was injected with 5 × 10⁷ 143B cells (log phase) suspended in 0.15 ml PBS. When tumors grew to approximately 100 mm³, rats were randomized into four groups (n = 5): control (saline), PIP (30 mg/kg), DOX (3 mg/kg), and PIP + DOX (30 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg, respectively). PIP was administered intraperitoneally once a day, while DOX was administered intraperitoneally every three days. The same volume of saline was injected intraperitoneally daily in the controlled group. Vernier callipers were used to conduct tumour size survey on third day basis. Tumour volumetric calculation was calculated as follows:

Tumour volume = 0.5 \times L \times W^{2}

L and W were the long and short diameter of the tumour.The experiment was terminated when the tumour volume reached up to 2000 mm³. Tumour-bearing mice were weighed, and the primary tumour of each mouse was removed for further study.

Qi Y., Yao L., Liu J, & Wang W. (2023). Piperine improves the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 180.

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Publication 2023

Animals Animals, Laboratory Axilla Cells Ethics Committees, Clinical Females Forearm Mice, House Mice, Inbred BALB C Neoplasms Rattus norvegicus Rivers Saline Solution Thymic aplasia

PDX Model Establishment and Drug Efficacy

HB214 PDX establishment and drug efficacy studies were performed as described previously^{31 (link),47 (link)}. HB214 tumor fragments were engrafted in the interscapular region of 6–12-week-old female athymic nude mice (Athymic NudeFoxn1nu, ENVIGO, Gannat, France). After latency period, mice bearing tumor of 62–256 mm³ were randomly assigned to each treatment arm according to their tumor volume to obtain homogenous mean and median tumor volume in each arm. The control group was not treated during all the course of the experiment. Irinotecan HCl trihydrate (MedChem, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey) (dissolved in 99% NaCl 0.9%; 2.5 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally daily for five consecutive days per week for three weeks or first for three consecutive days then one day off followed by five consecutive days per week for two weeks. MK-1775 (MedChem) (dissolved in 0.5% Methylcellulose; 60 mg/kg) was administrated orally three time per week for three or four weeks. Treatments were stopped prematurely if toxicity causing >15% body weight loss was observed. Tumor volumes were measured two to three time per week depending on the tumor growth. Tumors diameters (length and width) are measured with a caliper (digimatic Solaire, IP67) and tumor volume (TV) is calculated using the formula TV (mm³) = [length (mm) × width (mm)²]/2, where the length and the width are the longest and the shortest diameters of the tumor measured perpendicularly, respectively. All animals were weighed at tumor measurement time and were observed every day for physical, behavior, and clinical signs. Control and drug-treated tumors were collected for standard protein and paraffin block preparation.

Brown A., Pan Q., Fan L., Indersie E., Tian C., Timchenko N., Li L., Hansen B.S., Tan H., Lu M., Peng J., Pruett-Miller S.M., Yu J., Cairo S, & Zhu L. (2023). Ribonucleotide reductase subunit switching in hepatoblastoma drug response and relapse. Communications Biology, 6, 249.

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Publication 2023

Animals Homozygote Human Body Irinotecan Hydrochloride Methylcellulose Mice, Nude MK-1775 Mus Neoplasms Normal Saline Paraffin Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Proteins Thymic aplasia Woman

Mammary Tumor Xenograft Assay in Mice

Three or five million cells in 0.1 ml 50% Matrigel (BD Biosciences) were implanted in the mammary fat pads of 4–6 weeks old non-pregnant female athymic nude mice (The Jackson Laboratory). Tumor growth was monitored using calipers weekly for up to 10 weeks. Tumor volume was calculated as length x width x depth/2 (Luan et al., 2018 (link)). Mice were euthanized when control tumors reached 2 cm³ in volume or showed signs of ill health, as per institutional IACUC guidelines. At the end of the experiment the primary tumor, liver and lungs were resected, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded for further analyses.

Luan H., Bielecki T.A., Mohapatra B.C., Islam N., Mushtaq I., Bhat A.M., Mirza S., Chakraborty S., Raza M., Storck M.D., Toss M.S., Meza J.L., Thoreson W.B., Coulter D.W., Rakha E.A., Band V, & Band H. (2023). EHD2 overexpression promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by regulating store-operated calcium entry. eLife, 12, e81288.

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Publication 2023

Breast Cells Formalin Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Liver Lung matrigel Mice, Nude Mus Neoplasms Pad, Fat Paraffin Embedding Pregnant Women Thymic aplasia

Tumor Growth in Nude Mice Model

All animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the Scientific Research and New Technology Ethical Committee of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (No. 2018PS136K). Five-week-old female BALB/c athymic nude mice were purchased from HFK Bioscience Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) and housed in specific pathogen-free conditions. The mice were randomly grouped and subcutaneously injected 1 × 10⁶ endometrial cancer non-stem cells or ECSCs into the axilla of each nude mouse. The growth of the transplanted tumor was recorded every 4 days after injection. The tumor volume was observed continuously for 4 weeks and calculated according to the following formula: tumor volume (mm³) = length × width²/2. The nude mice were then sacrificed, and their transplanted tumors were removed for other experiments. If the nude mice showed signs of pain during the process of tumor growth, such as significant weight loss, lethargy, or tumor rupture, the nude mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation.

Li Q., Kong F., Cong R., Ma J., Wang C, & Ma X. (2023). PVT1/miR-136/Sox2/UPF1 axis regulates the malignant phenotypes of endometrial cancer stem cells. Cell Death & Disease, 14(3), 177.

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Publication 2023

Axilla Cancer Stem Cells Endometrium Joint Dislocations Lethargy Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Nude Mus Neck Neoplasms Pain Specific Pathogen Free Thymic aplasia Woman

Top products related to «Thymic aplasia»

Matrigel by BD

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Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.

Matrigel by Corning

Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, France, Netherlands, Montenegro, Switzerland, Austria, Australia, Colombia, Spain, Morocco, India, Azerbaijan

Matrigel is a complex mixture of extracellular matrix proteins derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells. It is widely used as a basement membrane matrix to support the growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of various cell types in cell culture applications.

Balb c nude mice by Charles River Laboratories

Sourced in China, Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy

BALB/c nude mice are an inbred strain of mice that lack a functional immune system due to a genetic mutation. They are athymic, meaning they lack a thymus gland, which is essential for the development of T cells. This results in a severely compromised adaptive immune response. BALB/c nude mice are commonly used in biomedical research for the study of human diseases, the evaluation of new therapies, and the development of xenograft models.

Athymic nude mice by Charles River Laboratories

Sourced in United States, China, France, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom

Athymic nude mice are a strain of laboratory mice that lack a functional thymus gland, resulting in a deficiency of T cells. This genetic characteristic makes them useful as models for studying the immune system and for transplantation research.

Balb c athymic nude mice by Charles River Laboratories

Sourced in China, Japan

BALB/c athymic nude mice are a strain of laboratory mice that lack a functional thymus gland. This results in a deficiency of T cells, leading to a compromised immune system. These mice are commonly used in research applications that require an immunodeficient animal model.

Hsd athymic nude foxn1nu by Inotiv

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

The Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu is a mouse model that lacks a functional thymus gland, resulting in a deficiency of T cells. This model is commonly used in research involving the study of immune system function and the development of cancer therapies.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal

Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Matrigel matrix by BD

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Matrigel matrix is a complex mixture of extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells. It provides a substrate that mimics the natural extracellular environment, supporting cell attachment, growth, migration, and differentiation.

Female athymic nude mice by Charles River Laboratories

Sourced in United States, China, Canada

Female athymic nude mice are a laboratory animal model used in biomedical research. They are characterized by the absence of a functional thymus gland, resulting in a lack of T cells and an impaired immune system. This model is commonly utilized in studies involving tumor growth, tissue transplantation, and the evaluation of immunotherapies.

Balb c female athymic nude mice by Charles River Laboratories

Sourced in China, Japan

BALB/c female athymic nude mice are a laboratory mouse model characterized by the lack of a functional thymus gland, resulting in a deficiency of T cells and a compromised immune system. This model is commonly used in research applications where a reduced immune response is desired, such as the study of tumor growth and the evaluation of xenografts.

What is Thymic aplasia?

How can PubCompare.ai assist with Thymic aplasia research?

PubCompare.ai allows researchers to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform can help researchers identify the most effective protocols related to Thymic aplasia for their specific research goals. PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling researchers to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy.

Are there different variations or types of Thymic aplasia?

What are some common applications of Thymic aplasia research?

Thymic aplasia research is critical for understanding and managing severe immunodeficiency disorders. Researchers may investigate the underlying genetic causes, explore new treatment approaches, and develop early diagnostic tools to improve outcomes for affected individuals. Additionally, the study of Thymic aplasia can provide valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms of thymus gland development and immune system function.

How can researchers optimize their Thymic aplasia protocols using PubCompare.ai?

PubCompare.ai's AI-powered insights can help researchers optimize their Thymic aplasia protocols in several ways. The platform allows users to efficiently screen and compare protocol literature, including published studies, pre-prints, and patents. By leveraging PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analysis, researchers can identify the most effective protocols, pinpoint critical differences, and choose the best option for their specific research needs. This can streamline the research process and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of Thymic aplasia studies.

More about "Thymic aplasia"

Thymic aplasia, also known as congenital athymia, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the complete absence or malformation of the thymus gland.
This critical immune organ plays a vital role in the development and maturation of T cells, which are essential for a functional adaptive immune system.
Without a properly functioning thymus, individuals with thymic aplasia experience severe immunodeficiency, leaving them highly susceptible to recurrent and life-threatening infections.
Thymic aplasia can be caused by genetic mutations affecting the development of the thymus, such as in DiGeorge syndrome or CHARGE syndrome.
These conditions can also involve other congenital abnormalities, further complicating the clinical presentation and management of the disease.
In research settings, animal models such as BALB/c nude mice, Athymic nude mice, and BALB/c athymic nude mice (also known as Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu) are commonly used to study the effects of thymic aplasia and test potential therapies.
These immunodeficient mouse strains lack a functional thymus, making them valuable tools for investigating the underlying mechanisms of the disease and evaluating novel treatments.
The use of cell culture systems, including the basement membrane matrix Matrigel, can provide additional insights into the behavior and development of T cells in the absence of a thymus.
Culturing cells in Matrigel matrix can mimic the three-dimensional environment of the thymus, allowing researchers to better understand the complex interactions and signaling pathways involved in T cell maturation.
Early diagnosis and specialized treatment are critical for individuals with thymic aplasia.
Potential interventions may include thymus transplantation, gene therapy, or immunomodulatory drugs.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered insights can help researchers optimize research protocols, identify the most effective interventions, and streamline this important area of immunology research, ultimately improving the outcomes for patients with this rare and debilitating condition.