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Anovulation

Anovulation is a condition where the ovaries fail to release an oocyte (egg) during the menstrual cycle.
This can lead to infertility and other reproductive health issues.
PubCompare.ai enhances anovulation research by leveraging AI-driven protocol optimization to identify the best treatment protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
Researchers can use PubCompare.ai to conduct data-driven comparisons and improve thier research outcomes, leading to more accurate and reproducible anovulation studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Anovulation»

1
Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PCOS is a common disorder with systemic metabolic manifestations. Its etiology is complex, heterogeneous, and poorly understood. There are three definitions for PCOS currently in use that variably rely on androgen excess, chronic anovulation, and PCO to make the diagnosis (Table 1). However, all criteria are consistent in that PCOS is considered a diagnosis of exclusion. All three sets of diagnostic criteria include hyperandrogenism, either clinical or biochemical, and anovulation (6 – (link)9 (link)). The Rotterdam criteria were the first to incorporate ovarian morphology on ultrasound as part of the diagnostic criteria (8 (link), 9 (link)).
The panel from a recent National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored Evidence-Based Methodology workshop on PCOS endorsed the Rotterdam criteria, although they identified the strengths and weaknesses of each of the three cardinal features (Table 2). These criteria allow the diagnosis to be made clinically (based upon a history of hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation) as well as biochemically with androgen assays or with ultrasound examination of the ovaries. We do not endorse the need for universal screening with androgen assays or ultrasound if patients already meet two of the three criteria clinically. It is recommended that the features leading to the diagnosis are documented. We recommend using the current definition of the Rotterdam criteria to document PCO morphology (at least one ovary with 12 follicles of 2–9 mm or a volume >10 mL in the absence of a dominant follicle >10 mm), in the absence of age-based criteria.
Disorders that mimic PCOS are comparatively easy to exclude; therefore, all women should be screened with a TSH, prolactin, and 17-OHP level (Table 3) (10 (link)– (link)12 (link)). Hyperprolactinemia can present with amenorrhea or hirsutism (13 (link), 14 (link)). Thyroid disease may present with irregular menstrual cycles. In women with hyperandrogenism, nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia should be excluded because it can be found in 1.5–6.8% of patients presenting with androgen excess (15 (link), 16 ). In select women who present with amenorrhea, virilization, or physical findings not associated with PCOS, such as proximal muscle weakness (Cushing's syndrome) or frontal bossing (acromegaly), other diagnoses should be considered and excluded (Table 4).
Legro R.S., Arslanian S.A., Ehrmann D.A., Hoeger K.M., Murad M.H., Pasquali R, & Welt C.K. (2013). Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 98(12), 4565-4592.
Publication 2013
Acromegaly Androgens Anovulation Biological Assay Cushing Syndrome Debility Diagnosis Genetic Heterogeneity Hirsutism Hyperandrogenism Hyperprolactinemia Late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia Metabolic Diseases Muscle Weakness Ovarian Follicle Ovary Patients Physical Examination Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Prolactin Thyroid Diseases Ultrasonics Virilism Woman
2
Diagnostic Criteria for PCOS and Related Conditions
We defined PCOS in our study using the NIH[33 ], Rott.[34 (link)] and AES criteria[35 ]. Using the NIH criteria, PCOS was defined as the combination of chronic anovulation (ANOVU) and clinical hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia (HA). By Rott. criteria, PCOS was defined by the presence of two or more of the following: 1) Oligo/anovulation (ANOVU), 2) Hyperandrogenemia and/or hyperandrogenism (HA), and 3) Polycystic ovaries (PCO). Using the AES definition, PCOS was diagnosed by the presence of clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA) with ovarian dysfunction defined as oligo/anovulation (ANOVU) and/or polycystic ovaries (PCO). Hyperprolactinemia, thyroid dysfunction, and nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency were excluded in all of the women who achieved the other criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS.
ANOVU was considered as vaginal bleeding episodes at no less than 35-day intervals [36 (link),37 (link)]. HA was determined as clinical hyperandrogenism (CH) and/or biochemical hyperandrogenemia (BH). CH was defined by the presence of hirsutism (mF-G ≥8)[30 (link)], acne, or the presence of androgenic alopecia. BH was detected by FAI and/or DHEAS and/or A4 level, above the upper 95th percentile for the 362 women studied, who were not on any hormonal medication and had no clinical evidence of hyperandrogenism, ANOVU and PCO. Specifically, the upper normal limits were total T = 0.88 ng/ml, A4 = 2.3 ng/ml, DHEAS = 246 μg/dL and FAI = 5.47
PCO was diagnosed by the presence of 12 or more follicles in each ovary, measuring 2-9 mm in diameter and/or increased ovarian volume (10 cm3) [38 (link),39 (link)].
Idiopathic hirsutism(IH) was defined as hirsutism without ANOVU and/or PCO[24 (link)]. BH plus hirsutism was defined as hirsutism with BH without PCOS, using the Rott.definition [40 (link)].
Primary infertility was defined as the having the history of trying to conceive for at least one year without success despite of regular sexual intercourse, no use of contraception and no previous pregnancy.
Tehrani F.R., Simbar M., Tohidi M., Hosseinpanah F, & Azizi F. (2011). The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample of Iranian population: Iranian PCOS prevalence study. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E, 9, 39.
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Publication 2011
Acne Vulgaris Androgenetic Alopecia Anovulation Coitus Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency Contraceptive Methods Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Hirsutism Hyperandrogenism Hyperprolactinemia Oligonucleotides Ovarian Follicle Ovary Pharmaceutical Preparations Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Sterility, Reproductive Thyroid Gland Woman
3
Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles in PCOS
The study and all experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital according to the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. All participants were recruited from the Reproductive Medical Center at Peking University Third Hospital between September 2015 and December 2016. For cohort 1, we recruited 50 individuals with PCOS and 43 controls of Chinese ancestry. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Women with PCOS were diagnosed according to the 2003 Rotterdam criteria, which require the presence of at least two of the following: (1) oligo-ovulation and/or anovulation; (2) clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism; and (3) polycystic ovaries. Diagnoses of PCOS were made after the exclusion of other etiologies for hyperandrogenemia or ovulatory dysfunction (Cushing syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, thyroid disease, androgen-secreting tumors, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and hyperprolactinemia). All individuals with PCOS were first-visit patients and had not received PCOS-related treatment. The control subjects were from the general community and had regular menstrual cycles, normal ovarian morphology and normal levels of hormones. Women who were breastfeeding or pregnant within the past year or who took medication within the past 3months were excluded from the study.
Height, body weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured, and the body mass index (kgm−2) and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects during days 2–4 of spontaneous cycles after an overnight fast.
Levels of serum FSH, luteinizing hormone and SHBG were tested by radioimmunoassays. The levels of estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione and DHEA sulfate were measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (Sciex Triple Quad 6500+). The free androgen index was defined as (testosterone (nmoll−1)×100)/SHBG (nmoll−1). The levels of fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured using an autoanalyzer (Beckman Coulter AU5800). The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated using homeostasis model assessment methods, defined as fasting insulin (mIUl−1)×fasting glucose (mmoll−1)/22.5.
Qi X., Yun C., Sun L., Xia J., Wu Q., Wang Y., Wang L., Zhang Y., Liang X., Wang L., Gonzalez F.J., Patterson A.D., Liu H., Mu L., Zhou Z., Zhao Y., Li R., Liu P., Zhong C., Pang Y., Jiang C, & Qiao J. (2019). Gut microbiota–bile acid–interleukin-22 axis orchestrates polycystic ovary syndrome. Nature medicine, 25(8), 1225-1233.
Publication 2019
Androgens Androstenedione Anovulation BLOOD Body Weight Chinese Cholesterol Cholesterol, beta-Lipoprotein Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency Cushing Syndrome Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Diagnosis Estradiol Ethics Committees, Clinical Glucose High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Homeostasis Hormones Hyperandrogenism Hyperplasia, Congenital Adrenal Hyperprolactinemia Index, Body Mass Insulin Insulin Resistance Liquid Chromatography Luteinizing hormone Mass Spectrometry Menstrual Cycle Neoplasms Oligonucleotides Ovary Ovulation Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Radioimmunoassay Reproduction Serum Testosterone Thyroid Diseases Triglycerides Waist-Hip Ratio Waist Circumference Woman
4
Cardiovascular Assessment in Reproductive Disorders
All patients with a reproductive disorder undergo regular cardiovascular screening at a specialized vascular outpatient clinic in one of the participating hospitals as part of standard care for cardiovascular diseases. The study population consists of women aged 45-55 years within three different groups:

Women with PCOS defined by Rotterdam consensus criteria, requiring the presence of at least two of the following criteria: (i) oligo−/anovulation, (ii) clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and (iii) polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography.

Women with POI defined as women with secondary amenorrhea for at least 4 months accompanied by elevated FSH levels above 40 IU/L, occurring prior to 40 years of age.

Women with a history of HPD (PIH, early-onset PE (i.e. delivery before 34 weeks of gestation) and late-onset PE (i.e. delivery after 34 weeks of gestation)) according to the ISSHP criteria, verified in clinical records.

Patients with any serious illness that can compromise study participation, patients with high risk for contrast nephropathy (renal dysfunction with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) or patients with a history of myocardial infarction are excluded from the study.
After written informed consent is obtained, patients will undergo cardiovascular imaging assessment by CCT imaging, biomarkers and a non-invasive vascular measurement.
Zoet G.A., Meun C., Benschop L., Boersma E., Budde R.P., Fauser B.C., de Groot C.J., van der Lugt A., Maas A.H., Moons K.G., Roeters van Lennep J.E., Roos-Hesselink J.W., Steegers E.A., van Rijn B.B., Laven J.S., Franx A, & Velthuis B.K. (2017). Cardiovascular RiskprofilE - IMaging and gender-specific disOrders (CREw-IMAGO): rationale and design of a multicenter cohort study. BMC Women's Health, 17, 60.
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Publication 2017
Anovulation Biological Markers Blood Vessel Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Glomerular Filtration Rate Hyperandrogenism Kidney Kidney Diseases Myocardial Infarction Obstetric Delivery Oligonucleotides Patients Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Pregnancy Reproduction Ultrasonography Woman
5
Lifestyle Intervention for Fertility Treatment Eligibility
As soon as patients in the intervention arm have finished their six-month lifestyle program, or have met their target weight reduction of 5-10% or when their BMI has decreased below 29 kg/m2 , conventional fertility treatment will be started according to their individual prognosis based on the Hunault model [36 (link)]. If the estimated chance of spontaneous conception in ovulatory women is less than 30% in the forthcoming year, or when the couple has been subfertile for more than 3 years, fertility treatment is offered according to the guidelines of the Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NVOG). Fertility treatment can either be IUI, IVF or ICSI, whatever is indicated according to the Dutch guidelines. When the Hunault model shows a prognosis of more than 30% pregnancy chance in the forthcoming year and patients are less than three years subfertile, expectant management will be proposed. In case of chronic anovulation, ovulation induction will be started using clomiphene or gonadotropins (Figure 1).
Mutsaerts M.A., Groen H., ter Bogt N.C., Bolster J.H., Land J.A., Bemelmans W.J., Kuchenbecker W.K., Hompes P.G., Macklon N.S., Stolk R.P., van der Veen F., Maas J.W., Klijn N.F., Kaaijk E.M., Oosterhuis G.J., Bouckaert P.X., Schierbeek J.M., van Kasteren Y.M., Nap A.W., Broekmans F.J., Brinkhuis E.A., Koks C.A., Burggraaff J.M., Blankhart A.S., Perquin D.A., Gerards M.H., Mulder R.J., Gondrie E.T., Mol B.W, & Hoek A. (2010). The LIFESTYLE study: costs and effects of a structured lifestyle program in overweight and obese subfertile women to reduce the need for fertility treatment and improve reproductive outcome. A randomised controlled trial. BMC Women's Health, 10, 22.
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Publication 2010
Anovulation Clomiphene Conception Fertility Gonadotropins Ovulation Ovulation Induction Patients Pregnancy Prognosis Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Anovulation»

1
Comparison of PCOS and Healthy Women

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Publication 2023
Androgens Anovulation Azoospermia Chinese Cushing Syndrome Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Clinical Hyperandrogenism Hyperplasia, Congenital Adrenal Hyperprolactinemia Hypogonadism, Hypogonadotropic Males Menstrual Cycle Metabolic Diseases Neoplasms Oligonucleotides Ovarian Failure, Premature Ovary Ovulation Pharmaceutical Preparations Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Reproduction System, Endocrine Thyroid Gland Tubal Sterilization Woman
2
Ovarian Hyperandrogenism in PCOS: Tissue Analysis

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Publication 2023
Anovulation Cyst Cystadenoma, Mucinous Cystadenoma, Serous Endometrium Ethics Committees, Research Hyperandrogenism Oligonucleotides Operative Surgical Procedures Ovariectomy Ovary Ovulation Paraffin Embedding Patients Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Specimen Collection Tissues Woman
3
Ovarian Granulosa Cell Profiling in PCOS
From January 2020 to December 2022, ovarian granulosa cells of 50 PCOS patients, 13 normal ovulatory women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) at the ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University were collected. The diagnosis of PCOS met the Rotterdam 2003 diagnostic criteria: oligoovulation and/or anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing’s syndrome, or androgen-secreting tumors were excluded. Control patients received IVF treatment for tubal disease, but had normal hormone levels, regular menstrual cycles, and normal ovarian morphology. COCs were isolated via ultrasound-guided vaginal puncture and washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Granulosa cells were selected from COCs. All the participants were under 40 years of age. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the ShengJing Hospital of CMU, and informed consent was obtained from all participants (No. 2020PS198K). The baseline information about all patients with PCOS is shown in Supplementary Table 1.
Lin S., Jin X., Gu H, & Bi F. (2023). Relationships of ferroptosis-related genes with the pathogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1120693.
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Publication 2023
Androgens Anovulation Cushing Syndrome Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Clinical Fertilization in Vitro Granulosa Cell Hormones Hyperandrogenism Hyperplasia, Congenital Adrenal Menstrual Cycle Neoplasms Ovary Ovulation Patients Phosphates Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Punctures Saline Solution Ultrasonics Vagina Woman
4
Follow-up of M-ovin RCT: Anovulation Treatments
This study is a follow-up study of the M-ovin trial, a two-by-two factorial RCT in 48 Dutch hospitals that compared live birth rates after ovulation induction with gonadotrophins or CC, with or without IUI, in normogonadotropic anovulatory women with CC failure. Between December 2009 and December 2015, a total of 666 women were included. Subfertile women of at least 18 years of age with normogonadotropic anovulation who had been ovulatory for six cycles on CC, but who had not conceived, were eligible for the trial. Couples with severe male subfertility or double-sided tubal pathology were not eligible.
After written informed consent, women were randomly allocated to six cycles of gonadotrophins plus IUI, six cycles of gonadotrophins plus intercourse, six cycles of CC plus IUI or six cycles of CC plus intercourse on a 1:1:1:1 basis. We used a two-by-two factorial design to compare two pairs of interventions: a switch to ovulation induction with gonadotrophins versus continuing CC, and IUI versus intercourse. The primary outcome measure was conception leading to live birth within 8 months after randomization. A live birth was defined as any baby born alive after a gestational age beyond 24 weeks. During the study, the data were collected by research nurses and after the last live birth, we closed the database. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis alongside the study. Further details about the study design, sample size calculation, study procedures and outcomes have been described previously (Nahuis et al., 2013 (link); Weiss et al., 2018 (link)).
All previously included women, for whom we had contact details, were asked by e-mail to participate in this follow-up study. They were all asked for informed consent and they received a digital questionnaire. The first contact was made by the principal investigators or representatives of the centres where the women were included. Women who did not respond were sent a second e-mail, followed by telephone contact. Collection of the follow-up data occurred between 02 December 2020 and 18 March 2022.
Bordewijk E.M., Jannink T.I., Weiss N.S., de Vries T., Nahuis M., Hoek A., Goddijn M., Mol B.W, & van Wely M. (2023). Long-term outcomes of switching to gonadotrophins versus continuing with clomiphene citrate, with or without intrauterine insemination, in women with normogonadotropic anovulation and clomiphene failure: follow-up study of a factorial randomized clinical trial. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 38(3), 421-429.
Publication 2023
Anovulation Childbirth Coitus Conception Fingers Gestational Age Gonadotropins Infant Nurses Ovulation Ovulation Induction Subfertility, Male Woman
5
Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
A confirmed diagnosis of PCOS was in accordance with the revised diagnostic criteria of PCOS set in the 2003 Rotterdam consensus workshop [10 (link)]: (1) sporadic ovulation or anovulation; (2) clinical symptoms (including hirsutism and/or acne) or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism (total testosterone >3.5 mmol/L); (3) polycystic ovarian lesions detected using the ultrasound method: ≥10–12 follicles with a diameter of 2–9 mm in each ovary and/or an ovarian volume of ≥l0 mL. Patients meeting either of the above criteria were diagnosed with PCOS.
Xu D., Lu M., Liu Y., Chen W., Yang X., Xu M., Zhou H., Wei X., Zhu Y, & Song Q. (2023). An Analysis of the Clinical Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Data Mining. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2023, 6198001.
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Publication 2023
Acne Vulgaris Anovulation Consensus Workshops Hair Follicle Hirsutism Hyperandrogenism Ovary Ovulation Patients Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Testosterone Ultrasonics

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More about "Anovulation"

Anovulation, or the failure to ovulate, is a condition where the ovaries do not release an egg (oocyte) during the menstrual cycle.
This can lead to infertility and other reproductive health issues.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, enhances anovulation research by optimizing treatment protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai to conduct data-driven comparisons and improve their research outcomes, leading to more accurate and reproducible anovulation studies.
The platform utilizes advanced technologies like the Voluson 730 Expert ultrasound system, ABSceix 5500 tandem mass spectrometer, and the PrimeScript RT reagent kit to analyze and compare anovulation treatment protocols.
Additionally, tools such as the Immulite 2000xp, PR-100SA, Architect i2000SR, and DPC Immulite 2000 analyzer can be used to assess hormonal imbalances and other reproductive health markers associated with anovulation.
Statistical software like SPSS ver. 20.0, Stata 14, and Pregnyl can further enhance data analysis and visualization, aiding researchers in identifying the most effective anovulation treatments.
By leveraging the power of AI and cutting-edge technologies, PubCompare.ai empowers researchers to optimize their anovulation studies, leading to more reliable and reproducible results that can ultimately improve reproductive health outcomes for those affected by this condition.