Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Disorders > Disease or Syndrome > Asymptomatic Infections

Asymptomatic Infections

Asymptomatic Infections refer to infections where the affected individual does not exhibit any noticeable symptoms.
These types of infections can be challenging to detect and monitor, as they may go unnoticed without specialized screening or testing.
Researchers studying asymptomatic infections face unique challenges in optimizing protocols and ensuring reproducible results.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-driven platform that empoweres researchers to locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, allowing for seamlness comparisons to identify the optimal approaches.
By using PubCompare.ai, researchers can enhance their productivity and reliability when conducting asymptomatic infection studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Asymptomatic Infections»

1
Emulating Target Trial of BNT162b2 Vaccine
We designed this observational study to emulate a target trial of the causal effect of the BNT162b2 vaccine on Covid-19 outcomes.4 (link) Eligibility criteria included an age of 16 years or older, not having a previously documented positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) test, and being a member of the health care organization during the previous 12 months.
Population groups in which internal variability in the probability of exposure or the outcomes is high and controlling for the high variability is not feasible (e.g., high variability in infection risk among patient-facing health care workers in dedicated Covid-19 wards as compared with administrative staff) were excluded. Such population groups are persons not having a documented geostatistical living area, those who have had interactions with the health care system during the preceding 3 days that may indicate the start of symptomatic disease and may preclude vaccination, nursing home residents, persons medically confined to the home, or health care workers.
Each day during the period from December 20, 2020, to February 1, 2021, all newly vaccinated persons were matched in a 1:1 ratio to unvaccinated controls. For each person, follow-up ended at the earliest of the following events: occurrence of an outcome event, death unrelated to Covid-19, vaccination (for unvaccinated controls), vaccination of the matched control (for vaccinated persons), or the end of the study period. Newly vaccinated persons were eligible for inclusion in the study, even if they had previously been selected as a control.
We matched vaccine recipients and controls on variables associated with the probability of both vaccination and infection or severity of Covid-19: age, sex, sector (general Jewish, Arab, or ultra-Orthodox Jewish), neighborhood of residence (since disease activity and vaccination uptake vary greatly across defined geostatistical areas), history of influenza vaccination during the preceding 5 years (0, 1 or 2, 3 or 4, or ≥5 vaccinations), pregnancy (a potential risk factor for severe Covid-195 (link) and associated with the rate of vaccination owing to evolving vaccination guidelines for pregnant women), and the total number of coexisting conditions that had been identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as risk factors for severe Covid-19 as of December 20, 2020.6 ,7 (See Supplementary Methods 3 for additional information about the matching process. The protocol and statistical analysis plan are available at NEJM.org.)
The five outcomes of interest were documented SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by positive PCR test, documented symptomatic Covid-19, hospital admission for Covid-19, severe Covid-19 (according to National Institutes of Health criteria)8 and death from Covid-19. Each of these outcomes includes the outcomes that follow it. In a supplementary analysis, we also evaluated an additional outcome, SARS-CoV-2 infection without documented symptoms, as an imperfect proxy for asymptomatic infection (since mild symptoms may not be documented).
Table S1 provides details on definitions of variables. Persons with missing data for smoking status or body-mass index (BMI) were dropped from the analysis.
Dagan N., Barda N., Kepten E., Miron O., Perchik S., Katz M.A., Hernán M.A., Lipsitch M., Reis B, & Balicer R.D. (2021). BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting. The New England Journal of Medicine.
Publication 2021
A 195 Arabs Asymptomatic Infections BNT162B2 COVID 19 Eligibility Determination Health Personnel Index, Body Mass Infection Patients Polymerase Chain Reaction Population Group Pregnancy Pregnant Women SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Vaccines Virus Vaccine, Influenza
2
Quantifying Dengue Virus Incubation Periods
Relevant literature was collected by searching the PubMed, Ovid, and the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Literature Retrieval System databases using combinations of search terms including Aedes aegypti, Stegomyia fasciata (previous name for Ae. aegypti), Aedes albopictus, dengue, experiment, import, incubation, transmission, temperature, and travel. We did not restrict the search based on time of publication or language. Further material was found by reviewing references from identified papers.
The moment when a mosquito becomes infectious is not directly observable, so observations of the EIP are restricted to the window between exposure(s) and transmission experiment(s), defined by a minimum and maximum EIP. For example, if a mosquito is shown to be infectious 10 days after exposure, the EIP must be between 0 and 10 days. If the same mosquito is tested at day 5 and does not transmit DENV at that time, the EIP is between 5 and 10 days. For each observation, the maximum EIP was defined as the time from the first infectious blood meal to the first successful transmission of DENV. If transmissibility was tested and never successful, the maximum EIP is unknown. The minimum EIP was the time from the last infectious blood meal to the last negative transmission experiment or zero if there were no negative transmission experiments.
Acceptable transmission assays involved the confirmation of transmission to a naïve individual as evidenced by the onset of dengue or by laboratory evidence of infection such as hemagglutination inhibition or plaque reduction neutralization assays. Because dengue is used as an indicator, there may be some false-negative tests resulting from asymptomatic infections. We initially assume that all negative tests are truly negative and revisit this assumption later.
Observations of the EIP were limited to those in which Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus were fed on viremic humans or non-human primates. We also excluded observations in which infection of the mosquito was attained by injection or by feeding on animal blood or artificial media seeded with DENV, as these may not realistically mimic natural transmission.
Temperature data were recorded for each EIP observation when available. For observations with no temperature data, we obtained temperature data for the location of the study at the time of year when the study was undertaken from the Climate Research Unit 30-year mean climatology dataset (CL 2.0) [27] . The available temperature data was used to calculate a spatially and seasonally matched mean temperature for each observation.
The IIP analysis was restricted to events in which humans became sick after being experimentally infected by Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus or after being naturally exposed to DENV within a defined period of time by travelling into or out of an area with ongoing DENV transmission. In this case, the end event, the onset of symptoms, was always observed, but the exact exposure time is only known in the case of experimental infections. In those cases, the IIP was directly observed and therefore uncensored. In other cases, the maximum and minimum IIP were defined as the time from the first and last potential exposures, respectively, to the onset of illness. For example, a traveler who became sick 3 days after returning from a 10-day trip may have been exposed at any time during the trip, so the IIP must be between 3 and 13 days.
Further ancillary data collected for the analyses included the serotype of virus when known. The data is available in Text S1.
Chan M, & Johansson M.A. (2012). The Incubation Periods of Dengue Viruses. PLoS ONE, 7(11), e50972.
Publication 2012
Aedes Animals Asymptomatic Infections Biological Assay BLOOD Climate Culicidae Dengue Fever Dental Plaque Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests Homo sapiens Infection Laboratory Infection Military Personnel Primates Transmission, Communicable Disease TRIP10 protein, human Vasculitis Viremia Virus
3
Modeling SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccination Impacts
We extended a previously developed modeling framework structured by age (in 5-year age bands, with no births, deaths, or aging due to the short time scales modeled) and by geographical region (10 (link), 15 (link)) to include two variants of SARS-CoV-2 (VOC 202012/01 and non-VOC 202012/01). The model is a discrete-time deterministic compartmental model that allows for arbitrary delay distributions for transitions between compartments. We fitted this model to multiple regionally stratified data sources across the seven NHS England regions as previously: deaths, hospital admissions, hospital bed occupancy, ICU bed occupancy, daily incidence of new infections, PCR prevalence of active infection, seroprevalence, and daily frequency of VOC 202012/01 across each of the regions as measured by S gene target failure frequency corrected for false positives. The model assumes that individuals with clinical symptoms are more infectious than individuals with subclinical infection (19 (link)). We assume that vaccinated individuals have a lower probability of both clinical and subclinical infection (fig. S9), but that vaccinated individuals who do develop clinical or subclinical infection are as infectious as unvaccinated individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. To model school closure, we removed all school contacts from our contact matrix based on POLYMOD data and varying over time according to Google Mobility indices, as described (10 (link)). See supplementary materials for details of Bayesian inference including likelihood functions and prior distributions.
Our individual transmission model fits to separate NHS regions of England produced independent estimates of parameters such as relative transmissibility and differences in odds of hospitalization or death resulting from infection with VOC 202012/01. To produce overall estimates for these parameters, we modeled posterior distributions from individual NHS regions as draws from a mixture distribution, comprising a normally distributed top-level distribution from which central estimates for each NHS region are drawn. We report the mean and credible intervals of the top-level distribution when reporting model posterior estimates for England.
In model fitting, we assume that our deterministic transmission model approximates the expectation over stochastic epidemic dynamics. This is not exact (41 ), but the error in this approximation is small for the population-level processes we are modeling, as it decays with 1/N (42 ). This approach is well developed for state-space models of communicable disease dynamics that fit an epidemic process to observed data via a stochastic observation process.
Davies N.G., Abbott S., Barnard R.C., Jarvis C.I., Kucharski A.J., Munday J.D., Pearson C.A., Russell T.W., Tully D.C., Washburne A.D., Wenseleers T., Gimma A., Waites W., Wong K.L., van Zandvoort K., Silverman J.D., Diaz-Ordaz K., Keogh R., Eggo R.M., Funk S., Jit M., Atkins K.E, & Edmunds W.J. (2021). Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England. Science (New York, N.y.), 372(6538), eabg3055.
Publication 2021
Asymptomatic Infections Epidemics Hospitalization Infection Range of Motion, Articular SARS-CoV-2 variants Transmission, Communicable Disease
4
Seasonal Malaria Transmission Patterns
A total of 6 surveys were conducted: 3 during rainy seasons, which were considered to be times of high transmission of malaria (July 1999, July 2000, and June 2001), and 3 during dry seasons, which were considered to be times of low transmission of malaria (March 2000, October 2000, and March 2001). Thick and thin blood smears were performed and axillary temperatures were recorded for all consenting participants. The blood smears performed during these cross-sectional surveys were not analyzed immediately unless the participants were clinically ill. As a result, participants with asymptomatic infections did not receive treatment.
Mwangi T.W., Ross A., Snow R.W, & Marsh K. (2005). Case Definitions of Clinical Malaria under Different Transmission Conditions in Kilifi District, Kenya. The Journal of infectious diseases, 191(11), 1932-1939.
Publication 2005
Asymptomatic Infections Axilla BLOOD Malaria Rain Transmission, Communicable Disease
5
Cultivation and Virus Testing of Key Tropical Crops
All plants used in the study were grown under greenhouse conditions at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The varieties of cassava and tomato used were Albert and Moneymaker, respectively, while sweet potato and cotton were local landraces. All greenhouse plants were grown in pots with a soil mix of forest soil and manure mixed in a 4:1 ratio. Plants were typically 20–30 cm tall or with a minimum of five leaves. “Albert” is known to be preferred by whiteflies, while the tomato cultivar—Moneymaker—is extensively used in the scientific literature.
Considering the numerous reports of vector feeding behavior manipulation by viruses, it was important to ensure the use of virus-free cassava plants (Liu et al., 2013 (link); Moreno-Delafuente et al., 2013 (link); Lu et al., 2017 (link)). All cassava planting material was obtained from CMD and CBSD asymptomatic fields in Mtwara Region, Tanzania. Furthermore, leaf samples were taken from each stem and tested for the presence of Cassava Brown Streak Ipomoviruses using real-time RT-PCR to exclude the possibility of asymptomatic infections. The CBSI virus testing was done using the protocol described for cassava by Shirima et al. (2017 (link)). Leaf samples in the form of the middle leaflet were taken from the fifth youngest leaf from each cassava stem cutting used for planting. Samples were dried between two sheets of paper at room temperature for 4 days. Total RNA was extracted using the acetyltrimetyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol, cassava complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthetized and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers, probes, and cycling conditions described in Shirima et al. (2017 (link)). “Albert” is resistant to CMD, and since only symptomless plants were selected for planting material, the risk of infection was considered low and the material was not tested for the presence of CMBs. The assumption of the absence CMD was further supported as none of the grown plants exhibited the symptoms. Sweet potato plants were asymptomatic. Vegetative material used to plant them has been maintained under insect-proof screenhouse conditions, without symptoms of virus infection, for 3 years. Tomato and cotton were grown from certified seed.
Milenovic M., Wosula E.N., Rapisarda C, & Legg J.P. (2019). Impact of Host Plant Species and Whitefly Species on Feeding Behavior of Bemisia tabaci. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1.
Publication 2019
ammonium bromide Asymptomatic Infections Cetrimonium Bromide Cloning Vectors DNA, Complementary Feeding Behaviors Forests Gossypium Infection Insecta Ipomoea batatas Ipomovirus Lycopersicon esculentum Manihot Marijuana Abuse Oligonucleotide Primers Plant Leaves Plants Plant Viruses Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Stem, Plant Training Programs Virus Virus Diseases Whiteflies

Most recents protocols related to «Asymptomatic Infections»

1
Chlamydia: Diagnosis, Transmission, and Impacts
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

Chlamydia is a common STI that is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Transmission occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, but the bacterium can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. It is estimated that about 1 million individuals in the United States are infected with this bacterium, making chlamydia one of the most common STIs worldwide. Like gonorrhea, chlamydial infection is asymptomatic for a majority of women. If symptoms are present, they include unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge, pain in the abdomen, painful sexual intercourse, fever, painful urination or the urge to urinate more frequently than usual. Of those who develop asymptomatic infection, approximately half may develop PID. Infants born to mothers with chlamydia may suffer from pneumonia and conjunctivitis, which may lead to blindness. They may also be subject to spontaneous abortion or premature birth.

Diagnosis of chlamydial infection is usually done by nucleic acid amplification techniques, such as PCR, using samples collected from cervical swabs or urine specimens (Gaydos et al., J. Clin. Microbio., 42:3041-3045; 2004). Treatment involves various antibiotic regimens.

In some embodiments, the disclosed device can be used to detect chlamydial infections from menstrual blood or cervicovaginal fluids.

US11864740B2. Sample collection and preservation devices, systems and methods (2024-01-09). NextGen Jane, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Ridhi Tariyal [US], Stephen K. Gire [US].
Patent 2024
Abdominal Pain Antibiotics Anus Asymptomatic Infections Bacteria Blindness Blood Childbirth Chlamydia Chlamydia Infections Chlamydia trachomatis Coitus Conjunctivitis Diagnosis Dysuria Fever Gonorrhea Infant Medical Devices Menstruation Mothers Neck Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques Pain Patient Discharge Pneumonia Premature Birth Sexually Transmitted Diseases Spontaneous Abortion Transmission, Communicable Disease Treatment Protocols Urine Vagina Woman
2
Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Model
Not available on PMC !

Example 51

The NOD SCID gamma mouse model of chronic, asymptomatic C. parvum infection was used to test in vivo compound efficacy. NOD SCID gamma mice were infected with ˜1×105 C. parvum oocysts by oral gavage 5-7 days after weaning. The infected animals begin shedding oocysts in the feces 1 week after infection, which is measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Based on experience with the positive control compound paromomycin, four mice are required per experimental group to achieve 80% power to detect an 80% percent reduction in parasite shedding after four days of drug compound. In additional to the experimental drug regimen groups, additional negative (gavage with DMSO/methylcellulose carrier) and positive (paromomycin 2000 mg/kg once daily) control groups are included in each experiment. Mice are infected 5-7 days after weaning (day −6), infection is confirmed 1 week later (day 0), and experimental compounds are dosed by oral gavage on days 1-4. The dosing frequency was as indicated. Treatment efficacy was assessed by measurement of fecal oocyst shedding by qPCR on day 5.

US11866441B2. Compounds and methods for the treatment of parasitic diseases (2024-01-09). THE BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. [US], PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE [US]. Inventors: Eamon Comer [US], Nobutaka Kato [US], Marshall Morningstar [US], Bruno Melillo [US].
Patent 2024
Animals Asymptomatic Infections Biological Assay Chronic Infection Drug Compounding Feces Gamma Rays Infection Investigational New Drugs Methylcellulose Mice, Inbred NOD Mus Oocysts Parasites Paromomycin SCID Mice Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Treatment Protocols Tube Feeding
3
Two-Dose Vaccine Efficacy Modeling

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2023
Asymptomatic Infections Cardiac Arrest DDTA Infection Transmission, Communicable Disease Vaccination Vaccines Virus
4
Molecular Screening of Hematodinium Infection in Carcinus maenas
Carcinus maenas (n = 58) were collected using baited pots immersed in the Prince of Wales Dock, Swansea Bay (Wales, UK) in July 2021. Crab carapace width (mm) was measured with a Vernier callipers, and biometric data including moult stage (inter- or post-moult) sex (male, female), missing/damaged limbs, presence/absence of fouling or ectoparasites, and shell disease were recorded. Haemolymph (~550 µL) was accessed by inserting a 22-gauge hypodermic needle attached to a sterile syringe through the arthrodial membrane of a walking leg. For each crab, two haemolymph aliquots of ~100 µL and~300 µL (including haemocytes) were placed into separate sterile micro-centrifuge tubes and frozen immediately at −70°C for subsequent molecular work (DNA extraction, PCR), extracellular vesicle (EV) and proteomic measurements, respectively. An additional 25 µL of freshly withdrawn haemolymph was placed onto a glass slide for inspection of known microparasites via microscopy (e.g. yeast-like fungi, Haplosporidium spp.). Haemocytes were allowed to settle/adhere onto the glass slide for~10 minutes prior to inspection under phase contrast settings using an Olympus B×41 microscope. Hematodinium sp. presence was confirmed based on their appearance – the parasites retain their refractivity and do not spread (Figure 1(a,b)). Within a field of view, the ratio of Hematodinium to haemocytes was recorded. Finally, ~100 µL haemolymph was added to an equal volume of sterile 3% NaCl (w/v) solution and spread onto tryptone soya agar (TSA) plates (prepared with an additional 2% NaCl) to determine if cultivable bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) were present. TSA plates were incubated at 25°C for 48 h prior to CFU enumeration.

Hematodinium sp. morphotypes in the haemolymph of shore crabs, Carcinus maenas. Freshly withdrawn haemolymph was inspected using phase contrast microscopy. a) Appearance of haemolymph absent Hematodinium sp. b) Hematodinium sp. (white arrows) are highly refractile compared to shore crab haemocytes (H). When in contact with a surface, the haemocytes settle, spread, and lose their refractile properties. c) Higher magnification views of Hematodinium sp. variation; small (S) and large uninucleate, irregular and elongate shapes. Scale bars represent 20 µm (a, b) and 25 µm (c).

Genomic DNA was extracted from the haemolymph of six Hematodinium-positive crabs (3 male, 3 female) and six apparent Hematodinium-negative crabs (3 male, 3 female) and screened for subclinical Hematodinium spp. infection as described in [6 (link),7 (link)]. Briefly, genomic DNA (~3 µg per reaction) was amplified using validated PCR oligonucleotides (Hemat-For-1487 and Hemat-Rev-1654) targeting the 18S rRNA subunit [44 (link)] and thermo-cycling conditions: initial denaturation for 10 min at 94°C, followed by 30 rounds of 94°C for 15 s, 54°C for 15 s, and 72°C for 30 s, and a final elongation step of 72 °C for 10 min.
Coates C.J., Kraev I., Rowley A.F, & Lange S. (2023). Extracellular vesicle signatures and protein citrullination are modified in shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) infected with Hematodinium sp. Virulence, 14(1), 2180932.
Publication 2023
Agar Animal Shells Asymptomatic Infections Bacteria Brachyura Carcinus maenas Extracellular Vesicles Females Freezing Fungi Genome Hemolymph Hypodermic Needles Males Marijuana Abuse Microscopy Microscopy, Phase-Contrast Molting Ocular Refraction Oligonucleotides Parasites Protein Subunits RNA, Ribosomal, 18S Rumex Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sodium Chloride Soybeans Sterility, Reproductive Syringes Tissue, Membrane
5
Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination
Forty-four healthy adult volunteers (n = 44) were randomly selected for follow-up visits before, one month after each of the three doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccination BBIBP-CorV, and were randomly selected for follow-up visits before immunization (before the first dose, i.e., healthy subjects, V1), one month after the first injection (V1+30), one month after the second injection (V2+30), and one month after the booster injection (V3+30). Out of these 44 volunteers, 22 had a hypoimmune response, indicating that no effective neutralizing antibody (NAb) was produced one month after the second dose, defined as virus neutralization test (VNT) <8, while the remaining 22 volunteers exhibited a hyperimmune response (VNT ≥16).
Furthermore, 61 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and hospitalized in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, were divided into three groups according to the severity of their disease: 18 asymptomatic patients (AP), 33 mildly-symptomatic patients (MP), and 10 severely-symptomatic patients (SP). As asymptomatic infections do not develop symptoms, the day on which the nucleic acid test was first positive was defined as day 0.
Zheng P., Ma J., Yang J., Liao B., Cheng Z.J., Xue M., Li S., Fang Y., Lin R., Zhang G., Huang H., Hu F., Ma H, & Sun B. (2023). Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 antibody reactivity to natural exposure and inactivated vaccination with peptide microarrays. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1079960.
Publication 2023
Adult Antibodies, Neutralizing Asymptomatic Infections BBIBP-CorV COVID 19 Healthy Volunteers Immunization Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Neutralization Tests Nucleic Acids Patients Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Secondary Immunization Vaccination Virus Voluntary Workers

Top products related to «Asymptomatic Infections»

1
Vaxzevria by AstraZeneca
Sourced in United Kingdom
Vaxzevria is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by AstraZeneca. It is designed to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies and T cells that target the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19.
2
Architect sars cov 2 igg nucleocapsid protein assay by Abbott
Sourced in United States
The Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG nucleocapsid protein assay is a laboratory equipment product designed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in patient samples. It utilizes the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as the target antigen.
3
Stata 14 by StataCorp
Sourced in United States, Denmark, United Kingdom, Belgium, Japan, Austria, China
Stata 14 is a comprehensive statistical software package that provides a wide range of data analysis and management tools. It is designed to help users organize, analyze, and visualize data effectively. Stata 14 offers a user-friendly interface, advanced statistical methods, and powerful programming capabilities.
4
Anti spike elisa by Abbott
The Anti-spike ELISA is a laboratory equipment product developed by Abbott. It is designed to detect the presence of antibodies against the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. The product utilizes the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to measure the levels of these antibodies in a sample.
5
Anti n assay system by Abbott
The Anti-N assay system is a laboratory equipment designed for the detection of anti-N antibodies. It is a core function of the system to provide a quantitative measurement of anti-N antibody levels in biological samples.
6
Cobas e411 analyzer by Roche
Sourced in Germany, Switzerland, United States, Japan, France
The Cobas e411 analyzer is a fully automated, random-access immunoassay analyzer designed for clinical diagnostics. It is capable of performing a variety of immunoassay tests to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions.
7
Matlab r2021a by MathWorks
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
MATLAB R2021a is a high-performance numerical computing environment and programming language developed by MathWorks. It provides a wide range of tools for data analysis, algorithm development, and visualization. MATLAB R2021a offers a user-friendly interface and is commonly used in various scientific and engineering fields.
8
Spss version 26 by IBM
Sourced in United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Canada, Belgium, Spain
SPSS version 26 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It is designed to perform advanced statistical analysis, data management, and data visualization tasks. The software provides a wide range of analytical tools and techniques to help users understand and draw insights from their data.
9
Comirnaty by Pfizer
Sourced in United States, Germany
Comirnaty is a nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) vaccine used for the prevention of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The vaccine consists of a lipid nanoparticle formulation that encapsulates a single-stranded, 5'-capped messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes the viral spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2.
10
Stata version 15 by StataCorp
Sourced in United States, Denmark, Austria, United Kingdom, Japan
Stata version 15 is a data analysis and statistical software package. It provides a range of tools for data management, statistical analysis, and visualization. Stata version 15 supports a variety of data types and offers a comprehensive set of statistical procedures.

More about "Asymptomatic Infections"

Asymptomatic infections, also known as silent or covert infections, refer to infectious diseases where the affected individual does not exhibit any noticeable symptoms.
These types of infections can be challenging to detect and monitor, as they may go unnoticed without specialized screening or testing procedures.
Researchers studying asymptomatic infections face unique challenges in optimizing their protocols and ensuring reproducible results.
PubCompare.ai is an innovative AI-driven platform that empowers researchers to locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, allowing for seamless comparisons to identify the optimal approaches.
By utilizing this powerful tool, researchers can enhance their productivity and reliability when conducting asymptomatic infection studies.
In addition to asymptomatic infections, related topics include Vaxzevria (the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine), the Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG nucleocapsid protein assay, Stata 14 (a statistical software package), Anti-spike ELISA (an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), Anti-N assay systems, the Cobas e411 analyzer, MATLAB R2021a (a programming and numerical computing environment), SPSS version 26 (a statistical software package), Comirnaty (the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine), and Stata version 15 (another statistical software package).
By leveraging these tools and technologies, researchers can improve the accuracy and reliability of their asymptomatic infection studies.