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> Disorders > Disease or Syndrome > Cardiomyopathies

Cardiomyopathies

Cardiomyopathies are a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively.
These conditions can be inherited or acquired, and they can lead to a variety of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heartbeats.
Cardiomyopathies can be classified into different types based on the underlying cause and the specific changes in the heart muscle.
Reseachers and clinicians use a variety of tools and techniques to study and manage cardiomyopathies, including genetic testing, imaging studies, and medication therapies.
Understaning the latest advancements in cardiomyopathy research and treatment is crucial for providing the best possible care for patients affected by these complex and challenging conditions.

Most cited protocols related to «Cardiomyopathies»

1
Early ART in HIV-Infected Infants
The Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy (CHER) trial is a phase 3, randomized, open-label trial conducted by the Comprehensive International Program for Research in AIDS — South Africa in collaboration with the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, United Kingdom, and the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The study is being conducted in two centers in South Africa: the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, in Soweto, and the Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, in Cape Town.
We enrolled infants 6 to 12 weeks of age who had HIV infection (defined by a positive polymerase-chain-reaction [PCR] test for HIV-1 DNA and a plasma HIV-1 RNA level on PCR of >1000 copies per milliliter) and a CD4 percentage of 25% or more. Exclusion criteria are listed in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at www.nejm.org. Infants were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments: early limited antiretroviral therapy for 96 weeks, early limited antiretroviral therapy for 40 weeks, or deferred therapy. Immunologic criteria for initiating antiretroviral therapy in the deferred-therapy group or reinitiating antiretroviral therapy in the early-therapy groups were a CD4 percentage of less than 20%5 or, in the case of children younger than 12 months, a CD4 percentage of less than 25% or a CD4 count of less than 1000 cells per cubic millimeter, according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines updated in 2006.6 Clinical criteria for initiating or reinitiating antiretroviral therapy7 were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stage C or investigator-selected (severe) stage B events (see the Supplementary Appendix), including symptomatic lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis, bronchiectasis, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and failure to thrive. GlaxoSmithKline provided lamivudine and zidovudine, and the South African Department of Health provided lopinavir–ritonavir. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all the infants. The authors vouch for the completeness and accuracy of the data.
Violari A., Cotton M.F., Gibb D.M., Babiker A.G., Steyn J., Madhi S.A., Jean-Philippe P, & McIntyre J.A. (2008). Early Antiretroviral Therapy and Mortality among HIV-Infected Infants. The New England journal of medicine, 359(21), 2233-2244.
Publication 2008
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Bronchiectasis Cardiomyopathies CD4+ Cell Counts Cells Child Communicable Diseases Cuboid Bone Early Therapy Failure to Thrive Group Therapy HIV-1 HIV Infections Infant Kidney Diseases Lamivudine Legal Guardians lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia Parent Plasma Polymerase Chain Reaction Southern African People Therapeutics Youth Zidovudine
2
Cardiovascular Evaluation in Outpatients
The study participants were symptomatic outpatients without diagnosed CAD whose physicians believed that nonurgent, noninvasive cardiovascular testing was necessary for the evaluation of suspected CAD. Additional inclusion criteria were an age of more than 54 years (in men) or more than 64 years (in women) or an age of 45 to 54 years (in men) or 50 to 64 years (in women) with at least one cardiac risk factor (diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, current or past tobacco use, hypertension, or dyslipidemia). Exclusion criteria were an unstable hemodynamic status or arrhythmias that required urgent evaluation for suspected acute coronary syndrome, a history of CAD or evaluation for CAD within the previous 12 months, or clinically significant congenital, valvular, or cardiomyopathic heart disease, or any reason that the patient could not be randomly assigned to either group safely (Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available at NEJM.org).
Douglas P.S., Hoffmann U., Patel M.R., Mark D.B., Al-Khalidi H.R., Cavanaugh B., Cole J., Dolor R.J., Fordyce C.B., Huang M., Khan M.A., Kosinski A.S., Krucoff M.W., Malhotra V., Picard M.H., Udelson J.E., Velazquez E.J., Yow E., Cooper L.S, & Lee K.L. (2015). Outcomes of Anatomical versus Functional Testing for Coronary Artery Disease. The New England journal of medicine, 372(14), 1291-1300.
Publication 2015
Acute Coronary Syndrome Cardiac Arrhythmia Cardiomyopathies Cardiovascular System Cerebrovascular Disorders Diabetes Mellitus Dyslipidemias Heart Heart Diseases Hemodynamics High Blood Pressures Outpatients Patients Peripheral Vascular Diseases Physicians Woman
3
Consensus Guidelines for Feline Cardiomyopathy
A modified Delphi method was applied to a series of statements produced by members of the committee that summarized the most important issues related to cardiomyopathy in cats. A combination of online anonymous voting with free text comments, face‐to‐face meetings and video‐conferences was used to modify the statements. Consensus was defined as ≧6 of the 9 committee members agreeing with a statement. A PubMed search using the MeSH terms “feline” and “cardiomyopathies” yielded 475 references, and further references were identified using other databases and other search terms. References documenting peer‐reviewed published studies containing original data were reviewed by the panel and graded. For each statement for which consensus was reached, a level of evidence (low/medium/high), was determined based on review of the literature (Table 1), and a class (strength) of recommendation was assigned (is recommended/should be considered/may be considered/is not recommended) according to the results of voting (Table 2).
Luis Fuentes V., Abbott J., Chetboul V., Côté E., Fox P.R., Häggström J., Kittleson M.D., Schober K, & Stern J.A. (2020). ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification, diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 34(3), 1062-1077.
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Publication 2020
Cardiomyopathies Committee Members Face Felidae Felis catus
4
Global Burden of Disease Cause Hierarchy
For GBD, each death is attributed to a single underlying cause—the cause that initiated the series of events leading to death—in accordance with ICD principles. This categorical attribution of causes of death differs from the counterfactual approach, which calculates how many deaths would not have occurred in the absence of disease. GBD also differs from approaches involving excess mortality in people with disease monitored through cohort or other studies. Deaths in such studies might be assigned as the underlying cause, be causally related to the disease, or include deaths with confounding diagnoses.3 (link)
The GBD cause list is organised as a hierarchy (appendix 1 p 477), with each level composed of causes of death that are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive. The GBD cause hierarchy, with corresponding ICD9 and ICD10 codes, is detailed in appendix 1 (p 300). GBD Level 1 causes are grouped as three broad categories: communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases; NCDs; and injuries. Level 2 causes contain 21 cause groups, including subsets of CMNN causes, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and types of injuries (eg, transport injuries, self-harm, and interpersonal violence). Individual causes are primarily recorded at Level 3 (eg, malaria, asthma, and road injuries), while a subset of Level 3 causes are disaggregated further to Level 4 causes (eg, four sub-causes within chronic kidney disease).
For GBD 2016, we disaggregated some Level 3 causes to expand the cause hierarchy used for GBD 2015 by 18 causes of death. GBD cause list expansion was motivated by two main factors: inclusion of causes that result in substantial burden and inclusion of causes that are of high policy relevance. New causes for GBD 2016 included Zika virus disease, congenital musculoskeletal anomalies, urogenital congenital anomalies, and digestive congenital anomalies. Other leukaemia was added as a Level 4 subcause to leukaemia rather than being estimated in the Level 3 residual category of other neoplasms. The Level 3 cause of collective violence and legal intervention was separated into “executions and police conflict” and “conflict and terrorism”. Disaggregation of existing Level 3 causes resulted in the addition of 11 detailed causes at Level 4 of the cause hierarchy: drug-susceptible tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis; drug-susceptible HIV–tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant HIV–tuberculosis, and extensively drug-resistant HIV–tuberculosis; alcoholic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and other cardiomyopathy; and self-harm by firearm, and self-harm by other means. Within each level of the hierarchy the number of collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive causes for which the GBD study estimates fatal outcomes is three at Level 1, 21 at Level 2, 145 at Level 3, and 212 at Level 4. For GBD 2016, separate estimates were developed for a total of 264 unique causes and cause aggregates.
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. (2017). Lancet (London, England), 390(10100), 1151-1210.
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Publication 2017
Asthma Cardiomyopathies Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic Cardiovascular Diseases Chronic Kidney Diseases Digestive System Abnormality Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Fatal Outcome Infant, Newborn Injuries Interpersonal Violence Leukemia Malaria Malignant Neoplasms Mothers Musculoskeletal Abnormality Myocarditis Neoplasm, Residual Nutrition Disorders P-300 Pharmaceutical Preparations Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Urogenital Abnormalities Zika Virus Infection
5
Early Limited ART for HIV-Infected Infants

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Publication 2013
Birth Weight Bronchiectasis Cardiomyopathies CD4+ Cell Counts Cells Communicable Diseases Congenital Abnormality Creatinine Electrolytes Ethics Committees, Research Failure to Thrive Hemoglobin HIV Infections Infant Kidney Diseases Legal Guardians Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia Neutrophil Oral Candidiasis Oxygen Parent Pneumonia Therapeutics Transaminases

Most recents protocols related to «Cardiomyopathies»

1
Acute Pulmonary Embolism Prognosis Factors
A total of 225 hospitalized patients who underwent CTPA examination between May 2018 and November 2021 in our hospital were diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism and were followed up for 30 days. Follow up information was collected via phone calls. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with APE according to the 2019 European Heart Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism,[4 (link)] 256-slice spiral CTPA examination, clinical data, and follow-up data. The exclusion criteria were other cardiac diseases that caused cardiac enlargement, including chronic pulmonary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and poor computed tomographic angiography image quality.
All participants were divided into 2 groups, the death group and the non-death group, according to the prognosis data obtained 30 days after onset.
The Wells score, D-dimer, CK, and CK-MB data were also collected when the patients were diagnosed with APE. The Wells score criteria[3 (link)] were as follows: history of pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis, heart rate ≥ 100 beats/minutes, history of operation or braking in the past 4 weeks, hemoptysis, active stage of malignant tumor, DVT-related symptoms, and low possibility of diagnosis other than pulmonary embolism. Each item is counted at 1 point. The normal D-dimer reference value was 0 to 0.243μg/mL. The blood and myocardial enzymes, including CK-MB, had normal reference values < 24MB.
Hu J., Tian X., Liu X., Ma G, & Li C. (2023). Right ventricular area predicts short-term mortality in acute pulmonary embolism based on CT pulmonary angiography: A retrospective study. Medicine, 102(10), e33116.
Publication 2023
4-((1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradec-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid BLOOD Cardiomyopathies Computed Tomography Angiography Congenital Heart Defects Cor Pulmonale Diagnosis Enzymes Europeans fibrin fragment D Heart Heart Diseases Hemoptysis Isoenzyme CPK MB Myocardium Patients Prognosis Pulmonary Embolism Rate, Heart Rheumatic Heart Disease Staging, Cancer
2
Cardiac Safety in HER2+ Breast Cancer
The study will be conducted in HER2-positive breast cancer patients (stage I-IV) receiving a non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen in combination with a HER2-targeted agent (e.g. trastuzumab, pertuzumab, or ado-trastuzumab emtansine). The primary exclusion criteria are: (1) prior treatment with anthracyclines or HER2-targeted therapy; (2) baseline LVEF < 53% (or institutional lower limit of normal); (3) systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mmHg or ≥ 90 mmHg, respectively; and (4) history of heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or other significant CVD associated with increased cardiotoxicity risk (e.g. atrial fibrillation, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, significant valvular heart disease, etc.). Following approval by the primary medical oncologist, written informed consent will be obtained from each patient prior to study enrollment. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study are presented in Table 1.

Main eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteriaExclusion criteria

1. Female

2. Age ≥ 18 years

3. Pathologically confirmed HER2-positive invasive breast carcinoma (stage I-IV)

4. Anticipated treatment with HER2-targeted therapy for ≥ 12 months

5. Normal LV systolic function (LVEF ≥ institutional lower limit of normal)

6. Willing and able to provide written informed consent and comply with the requirements of the protocol

1. Anticipated treatment with anthracycline chemotherapy

2. Prior treatment with anthracycline chemotherapy

3. History of cardiomyopathy, heart failure, or other clinically significant cardiovascular disease

4. Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg

Yu A.F., Dang C.T., Jorgensen J., Moskowitz C.S., DeFusco P., Oligino E., Oeffinger K.C., Liu J.E, & Steingart R.M. (2023). Rationale and design of a cardiac safety study for reduced cardiotoxicity surveillance during HER2-targeted therapy. Cardio-oncology, 9, 13.
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Publication 2023
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine Anthracyclines Atherosclerosis Atrial Fibrillation Breast Carcinoma Cardiomyopathies Cardiotoxicity Cardiovascular System Combination Drug Therapy Congestive Heart Failure Eligibility Determination erbb2 Gene High Blood Pressures Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Oncologists Patients pertuzumab Pressure, Diastolic Systole Systolic Pressure Trastuzumab Treatment Protocols Valve Disease, Heart
3
Baduanjin Exercise Trial for Chronic Heart Failure
This was a cross-sectional study as well as a part of the Baduanjin-Eight-Silken-Movement with Self-efficacy Building for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (BESMILE-HF) trial (NCT03180320, ClinicalTrials.gov, registration date: 08/06/2017) [6 (link)]. Patients with CHF were prospectively recruited between February 2019 and July 2022 if they fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (1) ≥ 18 years of age; (2) met the diagnostic criteria for CHF [7 (link)]; (3) clinically stable, defined as symptoms/signs that remained generally unchanged for ≥ 1 month; (4) New York Heart Association class II or III; (5) used beta-blockers; and (6) provided informed consent [8 (link)].
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients with contraindications for exercise testing, namely, early phase after acute coronary syndrome (up to 6 weeks), life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, acute heart failure (during the initial period of hemodynamic instability), uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 200 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 110 mmHg), advanced atrioventricular block, acute myocarditis and pericarditis, moderate to severe aortic valve/mitral stenosis, severe aortic valve/mitral regurgitation, severe hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, acute systemic illness, or intracardiac thrombus; (2) patients with serious acute or chronic diseases affecting major organs or with mental disorders; (3) patients with a history of cardiac surgery, cardiac resynchronization therapy, intracardiac defibrillation, or implantation of a combined device within the previous 3 months; (4) patients with a history of cardiac arrest within 1 year; (5) patients with a history of peripartum cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroid heart disease, or primary pulmonary hypertension; and (6) patients unable to perform a recumbent bicycle stress test (Fig. 1) [6 (link)].

Flow chart of this study

Eligible participants underwent clinical evaluation (including history of cardiac risk factors and medications), height and weight measurements, blood testing, and electrocardiography. They then underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and transthoracic echocardiography assessment at rest on the same day (Fig. 2A, B). The BESMILE-HF study[6 (link)] was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Approval No. B2016-202-01). All of the participants provided written informed consent.

Illustration of speckle-tracking echocardiography examination (A) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (B). Strain analysis of the left atrium in the locally enlarged apical four-chamber view and the LA strain curve throughout the cardiac cycle (C). The curves of VO2 and VCO2 with time and work rate, respectively (D). LA, left atrial; VO2, oxygen uptake; VCO2, carbon dioxide uptake; VO2max/pre, ratio of maximum to predicted oxygen uptake, WR, work rate

Sun P., Cen H., Chen S., Chen X., Jiang W., Zhu H., Liu Y., Liu H, & Lu W. (2023). Left atrial dysfunction can independently predict exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure who use beta-blockers. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 23, 128.
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Publication 2023
Acute Coronary Syndrome Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Aortic Valve Insufficiency Aortic Valve Stenosis Atrioventricular Block Atrium, Left Carbon dioxide Cardiac Arrest Cardiac Arrhythmia Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Cardiomyopathies Chinese Diagnosis Disease, Chronic Echocardiography Electric Countershock Electrocardiography Ethics Committees, Clinical Exercise Tests Heart Heart Diseases Heart Failure Hemodynamics High Blood Pressures Hyperthyroidism Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Medical Devices Mental Disorders Movement Myocarditis Ovum Implantation Oxygen Patients Pericarditis Pharmaceutical Preparations Pressure, Diastolic Signs and Symptoms Silk Strains Surgical Procedure, Cardiac Systolic Pressure Thrombus
4
Exclusion Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary embolism, any type of malignancy and history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, history of coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac surgery with any indication, congenital heart disease, endocrine disorders, collagenous vascular disease, acute or chronic renal failure, end-stage liver disease, active inflammatory disease, history of cerebrovascular disease, moderate-to-severe valvular heart disease, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathies were determined as exclusion criteria.
Yilmaz A.S., Uslu A., Kara F., Kahraman F, & Cirakoglu O.F. (2023). Serum fibrinopeptide A is increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 10(1), 17-23.
Publication 2023
Blood Vessel Cardiomyopathies Cerebrovascular Disorders Chronic Kidney Diseases Collagen Diseases Congenital Heart Defects Coronary Artery Disease Endocrine System Diseases End Stage Liver Disease Inflammation Malignant Neoplasms Myocarditis Pharmacotherapy Pulmonary Embolism Radiotherapy Surgical Procedure, Cardiac Valve Disease, Heart
5
Standardized Cardiovascular MRI Protocols
All cardiovascular MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5-Tesla scanner (Signa HDx; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a 32-channel phased-array abdominal coil with electrocardiographic gating. Intravenous sedation was not administered during the examination. All the patients were trained how to take a breath before the examination. The weight and height of the patients were recorded before the examination to calculate body surface area to index ventricular volume.
All examinations were performed by two technologists and 10 years experienced radiologist trained in congenital cardiac imaging. After three plane localizers through thorax revealed by steady-state free precession sequence, cine-steady state free precession sequence of two-chambers, four-chambers, and short-axis views (Protocol 1) was revealed for all patients. Each set of images was acquired with retrospective gating and 20 reconstructed cardiac phases. All the images were acquired during one or two breath-hold of 8 to 12 s duration depending on the heart rate during end-expiratory breath-hold.
A 0.2 mmol/kg of gadolinium-based contrast agent was performed if the imaging protocol was required. Contrast agent material was used for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for great vessels (Protocol 3), myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (Protocol 4), tissue characterization (Protocol 5), perfusion imaging (Perfusion 6), and vasculitis assessment (Protocol 8). Contrast-enhanced MRA was used to prescribe the phase-contrast imaging of the pulmonary artery, aorta. The optimal velocity encoding value of the pulmonary artery was calculated by the calculation Bernoulli equation reported gradients in the echocardiography report. Late gadolinium enhancement sequences were revealed after 10 and 15 min of injection for the assessment of myocardial disease.
Protocols 1–4 were applied for the patients with the indication of CHD. Protocols 1, 3, and 4 were applied for the patients with the indication of myocardial disease, and Protocols 1 and 7 were applied for myocardial iron assessment. Protocols 1, 5, and 6 were applied for the patients with the indication of cardiac mass. Protocols 1, 2, 3, and 4 were applied for valvular disease; protocols 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were applied for pericarditis; protocols 1 and 9 were applied for coronary artery assessment; and protocols 1 and 3 were applied for MRA of great vessels.
Our institutional standardized cardiovascular MRI protocol demonstrated with imaging parameters was performed (Table 1).
Ozkok S., Yucel I.K., Sasmazel A, & Celebi A. (2023). Experience of 500 cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and systematic analysis of cases. Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 10(1), 108-121.
Publication 2023
Abdomen Aorta Artery, Coronary Blood Vessel Body Surface Area Cardiomyopathies Cardiovascular System Chest Echocardiography Electrocardiography Epistropheus Exhaling Gadolinium Heart Heart Ventricle Iron Magnetic Resonance Angiography Microscopy, Phase-Contrast Myocardium Patients Perfusion Pericarditis Physical Examination Pulmonary Artery Radiologist Rate, Heart Sedatives Tissues Vasculitis

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More about "Cardiomyopathies"

Cardiomyopathies are a group of devastating heart muscle disorders that impair the heart's ability to effectively pump blood.
These complex conditions can be inherited or acquired, leading to a variety of debilitating symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms.
Researchers and clinicians utilize an array of sophisticated tools and techniques to study and manage cardiomyopathies, including genetic testing, advanced imaging modalities like cardiac MRI (Gadovist), and medication therapies.
Understanding the latest advancements in cardiomyopathy research and treatment is crucial for providing optimal care for patients affected by these challenging diseases.
PubCompare.ai, an innovative AI-driven platform, is revolutionizing the way researchers approach cardiomyopathy studies.
By leveraging powerful comparison tools, scientists can easily locate the most effective protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, streamlining the research process and accelerating the discovery of new therapies.
Cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation sequencing (HiSeq 2500, MiSeq) and sophisticated data analysis software (SAS version 9.4, Stata 13, LabChart) play a crucial role in unraveling the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathies.
These tools enable researchers to identify novel disease-causing mutations, develop personalized treatment strategies, and monitor disease progression with greater precision.
Navigating the complex landscape of cardiomyopathy research and treatment can be challenging, but with the aid of innovative platforms like PubCompare.ai and the latest advancements in genetic and imaging technologies, clinicians and scientists can work together to provide the best possible care for patients affected by these debilitating heart muscle disorders.