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> Disorders > Disease or Syndrome > Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive liver disease characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue.
This condition can lead to a range of complications, including portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices, and hepatic encephalopathy.
Cirrhosis has numerous potential causes, including chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune disorders.
Early detection and appropriate management are crucial for slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.
Ongoing research aims to better understand the pathophysiology of cirrhosis and develop more effective treatment strategies.

Most cited protocols related to «Cirrhosis»

1
Standardized Blinded Review of NASH Biopsies
Biopsies from adult patients enrolled in either the Database study or pretreatment biopsies from the adult treatment trial (Pioglitazone versus Vitamin E versus Placebo for the Treatment of Nondiabetic Patients with NASH) (PIVENS) were reviewed in a standardized blinded fashion by the Pathology Committee of the NASH CRN, composed of a pathologist from each of the 8 clinical centers, and one from the National Cancer Institute. Assignment of a diagnostic category was based on consensus recognition of the distinctive features of SH independent of the degree of NAFLD severity as indicated by the NAS. Biopsies that had been classified by the Pathology Committee during Central Review as “cirrhosis with or without features of NAFLD or NASH” were excluded from this analysis, as it is well recognized that the active lesions of steatohepatitis may not be retained in cirrhosis. Biopsies with the zone 1 borderline pattern were also excluded as this is a pattern that most commonly occurs in pediatric NAFLD and was rare among our adult cases. When more than one biopsy for a subject was available, only the first biopsy was used in the analysis. Histologic and clinical data were analyzed as described below.
Brunt E.M., Kleiner D.E., Wilson L.A., Belt P, & Neuschwander-Tetri B.A. (2011). The NAS and The Histopathologic Diagnosis in NAFLD: Distinct Clinicopathologic Meanings. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 53(3), 810-820.
Publication 2010
Adult Biopsy Cirrhosis Diagnosis Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Pathologists Patients Pioglitazone Placebos Steatohepatitis Vitamin E
2
Estimating Causes of Death Mortality
Alternative estimation strategies were used to model a subset of causes of death with unique epidemiology, large changes in reporting over time, or particularly limited data availability, including HIV/AIDS, malaria, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, meningitis, dementia, and atrial fibrillation. Alternative strategies included prevalence-based models, incidence and case fatality models, and sub-cause proportion models as described in appendix 1 (section 7). Mortality-incidence ratio models based on registry data were used to estimate mortality from 32 cancers (appendix 1 section 3.3). Negative-binomial models were used for eight causes of death with typically low death counts or causes that typically have no deaths in countries with a high Socio-demographic Index (SDI), including ascariasis, cystic echinococcosis, cysticercosis, diphtheria, iodine deficiency, other intestinal infectious diseases, schistosomiasis, and varicella and herpes zoster virus. Once underlying cause of death estimates and accompanying uncertainty were generated, these models were combined with the cause of death correction procedure (CoDCorrect) to establish estimates consistent with all-cause mortality levels for each age-sex-year location.
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. (2018). Lancet (London, England), 392(10159), 1736-1788.
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Publication 2018
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Ascariasis Atrial Fibrillation Cancer of Liver Chronic Kidney Diseases Cirrhosis Communicable Diseases Cyst, Hydatid Cysticercosis Dementia Diphtheria Human Herpesvirus 3 Intestines Iodine Malaria Malignant Neoplasms Meningitis Schistosomiasis
3
Classifying Causes of Death: A Modified Protocol
To classify the conditions leading to death, we used a modified version of the protocol developed by Lunney and colleagues,13 (link) with two major differences (Table 1). First, we added advanced dementia as a condition leading to death. Second, rather than defining frailty on the basis of any nursing home admission during the follow-up period, we used data from the comprehensive assessments to define the frailty phenotype according to the description by Fried et al.10 (link),14 (link) In addition, we made two modifications to the protocol developed by Lunney et al. in the category of organ failure. First, we included chronic kidney disease or cirrhosis, in addition to congestive heart failure and chronic lung disease. Second, to enhance specificity, we required that these diagnoses appear as the immediate or underlying cause of death, rather than in any diagnosis field, on the death certificate.
Because the conditions leading to death are not all mutually exclusive, we initially forced assignment of the decedents to unique groups by sequentially identifying each group and removing those decedents from the pool before identifying the next group, according to the modified version of the protocol developed by Lunney et al. The hierarchy of conditions leading to death (i.e., from cancer to advanced dementia to organ failure to frailty)13 (link) was based on the premise that cancer is the predominant illness when it is listed as the immediate or underlying cause of death.
Gill T.M., Gahbauer E.A., Han L, & Allore H.G. (2010). Trajectories of Disability in the Last Year of Life. The New England journal of medicine, 362(13), 1173-1180.
Publication 2010
Chronic Kidney Diseases Cirrhosis Congestive Heart Failure Dementia Diagnosis Disease, Chronic Lung Lung Diseases Malignant Neoplasms Phenotype
4
Histological Evaluation of NAFLD
All patients enrolled in this study underwent percutaneous liver biopsy under ultrasonic guidance. The liver specimens were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome. The minimum biopsy size was 20 mm and the number of portal areas was 10. The liver biopsy specimens were reviewed by two hepatopathologists (T.O. and Y.S.) who were blinded to the clinical data. Fatty liver was defined as the presence of steatosis in at least 5% hepatocytes, while steatohepatitis was diagnosed by steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning [2 (link),3 (link),26 (link)]. The individual parameters of NASH histology, including fibrosis, were scored independently using the NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN) scoring system developed by the NASH CRN [26 (link)]. Advanced fibrosis was classified as stage 3 or 4 disease (bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis).
Sumida Y., Yoneda M., Hyogo H., Itoh Y., Ono M., Fujii H., Eguchi Y., Suzuki Y., Aoki N., Kanemasa K., Fujita K., Chayama K., Saibara T., Kawada N., Fujimoto K., Kohgo Y., Yoshikawa T, & Okanoue T. (2012). Validation of the FIB4 index in a Japanese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease population. BMC Gastroenterology, 12, 2.
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Publication 2012
Biopsy Cirrhosis Eosin Fatty Liver Fibrosis Hepatocyte Inflammation Liver Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Paraffin Embedding Patients Steatohepatitis Ultrasonics
5
Trends in Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer Mortality
Data were obtained from the CDC WONDER platform (see supplemental material for more details).17 (link) Our primary aim was to describe temporal trends in death rates attributable to cirrhosis (ICD-10 (international classification of diseases, 10th revision) codes K70.3, K74.5, and K74.6) and hepatocellular carcinoma (C22.0) as the primary or underlying cause of death for adults in the USA. We adjusted rates for age—that is, age specific mortality was weighted according to the age distribution in a standard year (2000).18 (link) We also sought to describe how these trends differed based on demographic subgroups; age, sex, race (Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American (designated as “American Indian” in the census database) or Alaska Native, black or African American, and white American), Hispanic ethnicity, and geographic area of residence. We also aimed to describe trends in causes of death related to specific complications associated with cirrhosis. Specifically, we examined death due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage (ICD-10 K25-K28, K92.0-K92.2, I85.0), peritonitis (K65), sepsis (A41), hepatorenal syndrome (K76.7), and traumas (V01-Y89). Given the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and complications of the metabolic syndrome such as cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease (I20-I25, I60-I69),19 (link) we evaluated trends in mortality due to cirrhosis comorbid with these conditions. We also compared trends in deaths due to alcohol use disorder (F10).
To test for unmeasured secular trends, we compared all findings with death rates due to causes other than cirrhosis. Specifically, we examined the trends in deaths due to infections (ICD-10 A00-B99), neoplasia (C00-C48, not including hepatocellular carcinoma, C22), cardiovascular disease (I00-I99), and respiratory disease (J00-J98). Finally, we assessed overall trends in several US states that were observed to have the greatest increase or highest death rates due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (eg, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming).
We performed several sensitivity analyses. First we evaluated trends when the cause of death was labeled as any liver disease with or without cirrhosis (ICD-10 K70-K76). Next we evaluated trends when the death certificate included any mention of cirrhosis as a primary or contributory cause; a death certificate can have a primary or underlying cause and up to 20 contributing causes. Finally, we repeated the trend analysis that included age adjusted death rate estimates by standardizing rates to different years (2000, 2009, and 2010) and sex (men or women).
Tapper E.B, & Parikh N.D. (2018). Mortality due to cirrhosis and liver cancer in the United States, 1999-2016: observational study. The BMJ, 362, k2817.
Publication 2018
Adult African American Alaskan Natives Alcohol Use Disorder American Indian or Alaska Native American Indians Asian Americans Cardiovascular Diseases Cerebrovascular Disorders Cirrhosis Ethnicity Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Hepatocellular Carcinomas Hepatorenal Syndrome Hispanics Hypersensitivity Infection Liver Diseases Metabolic Syndrome X Myocardial Ischemia Neoplasms Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pacific Islander Americans Peritonitis Respiration Disorders Septicemia Woman Wounds and Injuries

Most recents protocols related to «Cirrhosis»

1
Liver Histopathology and Enzyme Levels
Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels were determined using Spectrum® (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). Liver tissue samples were fixed using 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), embedded in paraffin blocks, and stained for histological assessment. Masson’s trichrome stained liver sections were assessed by a liver pathologist in a blind manner. Fibrosis extent was graded as 0, absent; 1, enlarged, fibrotic portal areas; 2, periportal or portal-portal septa but intact architecture; 3, fibrosis with architectural distortion but no obvious cirrhosis; and 4, probable or definite cirrhosis.
Kim H.Y., Otgontenger U., Kim J.W., Lee Y.J., Kim S.B., Lim S.C., Kim Y.M, & Kang K.W. (2023). Anti-fibrotic effect of aurocyanide, the active metabolite of auranofin. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 46(3), 149-159.
Publication 2023
Alanine Cirrhosis Fibrosis Formalin Liver Paraffin Embedding Pathologists Tissues Transaminase, Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transferase Visually Impaired Persons
2
Tissue Microarray for Liver Pathology
Initial analysis was performed using normal liver tissue (HuFPT074), HCC tissue (HuCAT081), and iCCA tissue (HuCAT086; Biomax, Inc.). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains of each tissue were annotated by a pathologist with the tumor, adjacent to the tumor, and fibrotic regions. Subsequently, analysis was performed using a tissue microarray (TMA; #LV2081, Biomax, Inc) that contained 208 cores with 103 cases (duplicated cores per case): consisting of fifty HCC, twenty iCCA, one clear-cell carcinoma cyst, five metastatic HCC (spleen, chest wall, cerebrum, costal bone, and lymph node), two hepatic cyst, eight tissues with cirrhosis and dysplastic nodules, ten hepatitis-infected tissues, two adjacent normal tissues, and six independent normal tissues. The cores were 1.0 mm in diameter and validated by pathology. The validation tissue cohort TMA (DLV753, US Biolab) contained 75 cases with 75 cores: forty-five cases of HCC, twenty-three cases of iCCA, two cases of mixed carcinoma, and five cases of normal liver tissue. Cores were 1.5 mm in diameter and validated by pathology. All tissue samples were formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cut into a 5-μm-thick section and unstained before analysis. H&E stainings of all tissues and TMAs annotated by a pathologist for small duct and large duct classifications for each core are provided in Supplementary Fig. S1A–C. Clinical information for TMAs is listed in Supplementary Fig. S2A and S2B.
Ochoa-Rios S., Blaschke C.R., Wang M., Peterson K.D., DelaCourt A., Grauzam S.E., Lewin D., Angel P., Roberts L.R., Drake R, & Mehta A.S. (2023). Analysis of N-linked Glycan Alterations in Tissue and Serum Reveals Promising Biomarkers for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Research Communications, 3(3), 383-394.
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Publication 2023
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell Bones Carcinoma Cerebrum Cirrhosis Cyst Eosin Fibrosis Formalin Hematoxylin Hepatitis A Liver Microarray Analysis Neoplasms Nodes, Lymph Paraffin Embedding Pathologists Ribs Spleen Staining Tissues Tissue Stains Wall, Chest
3
Causes of Mortality in Brazil
The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included common causes of mortality and groups of avoidable causes of death.12 The ten highest causes of mortality in Brazil13 (link) include ischaemic heart diseases (IHD), stroke, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interpersonal violence, diabetes, Alzheimer's and other dementias, road injuries, chronic kidney disease and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Avoidable causes of death include vaccine-preventable and/or treatable infectious diseases (IDs), non-communicable diseases (NCDs), maternal causes, and external and violent causes (see Supplementary Table S1 for ICD-10 codes).
Pescarini J.M., Goes E.F., Pinto P.F., Dos Santos B.P., Machado D.B., Abubakar I., Rodrigues L.C., Brickley E.B., Smeeth L, & Barreto M.L. (2023). Mortality among over 6 million internal and international migrants in Brazil: a study using the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort. Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 20, 100455.
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Publication 2023
Cerebrovascular Accident Chronic Kidney Diseases Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Cirrhosis Communicable Diseases Dementia Diabetes Mellitus Disease, Chronic Injuries Interpersonal Violence Liver Liver Diseases Mothers Myocardial Ischemia Noncommunicable Diseases Respiratory Tract Infections Vaccines
4
Histopathological Evaluation of Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Liver Injury
All tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin blocks. Serial slices of 4-5 μm thickness were obtained from paraffin blocks. All sections were deparaffinized and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological examination. Liver injury due to BDL was evaluated semiquantitatively for the typical histopathological findings by light microscopy by a blinded pathologist. Histopathologic findings were as follows: portal inflammation, lobular inflammation, bile duct proliferation, and necrosis, which were scored as follows: 0: no, 1: mild, 2: intermediate, 3: manifest, and 4: severe. Additionally, bile-induced infarction was scored according to the degree of damage: 0: no infarction, 1: mild infarction, 2: intermediate infarction, 3: manifest infarction, and 4: severe infarction. Fibrosis was graded as follows: 0: no fibrosis, 1: portal enlargement, 2: septal formation, 3: manifest bridging fibrosis, and 4: cirrhosis. Microscopic images were obtained from each study group. Tissue samples were stained with immunohistochemical stains to show MCs. Slices of 4-5 μm thickness were taken from the paraffin blocks. Sections were deparaffinized and stained with “MC tryptase” mouse monoclonal primary antibody in an automatic immunohistochemical staining device after preapplication with citrate pH:7.0 by the microwave heating method. Reactive cells were counted in every high-power area (HPA) to determine MCs by a blinded pathologist.
Yurdakul Ertan H., Özbakış Dengiz G., Barut F., Yılmaz Ürün Y., Can M., Umer Hussen S, & Üstündağ Y. (2023). The Investigation of Therapeutic Implications of Mast Cell Stabilizer Cromolyn Sodium on Cholestasis and Cholestatic Pruritus in Experimental Cholestasis. The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 34(1), 62-72.
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Publication 2023
Bile Cells Cirrhosis Citrate Duct, Bile Eosin Fibrosis Formalin Infarction Inflammation Injuries Light Microscopy Liver Medical Devices Microscopy Microwaves Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Necrosis Paraffin Paraffin Embedding Pathologists Tissues Tryptase
5
Cirrhosis-related Hospital Utilization and Costs
Health service use data were obtained using the data linkage from the Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection database and the Emergency Data Collection database that contain information on all hospital episodes of care for patients admitted to Queensland public and private hospitals. Hospital admissions were categorized as “cirrhosis admissions” based on recorded ICD‐10‐AM codes (the Australian Modification of the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases codes) as previously described.33 Emergency presentations were categorized as “cirrhosis-related presentations” if they had a primary or other diagnosis of cirrhosis,33 cirrhosis-related diagnosis, or cirrhosis-related complications, namely chronic hepatic failure, portal hypertension, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, ascites, variceal bleeding, HE, jaundice, or alcohol-associated presentation (eg, alcohol-associated hepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease unspecified). Hospital data were available from CirCare recruitment to Dec-2019. The National Hospital Cost Data Collection database was the primary source of cost data for all hospital admissions at public and private hospitals. Costs included aggregated direct plus overhead costs.
Valery P.C., Stuart K.A., Bernardes C.M., Hartel G., Martin C., Gordon L, & Powell E.E. (2023). Higher levels of supportive care needs are linked to higher health service use and cost, poor quality of life, and high distress in patients with cirrhosis in Queensland, Australia. Hepatology Communications, 7(3), e0066.
Publication 2023
Alcoholic Liver Diseases Ascites Bacteria Chronic Liver Failure Cirrhosis Diagnosis Emergencies Episode of Care Ethanol Hepatitis, Alcoholic Hepatorenal Syndrome Icterus Patients Peritonitis Portal Hypertension

Top products related to «Cirrhosis»

1
Fibroscan by Echosens
Sourced in France, United States
FibroScan is a non-invasive diagnostic device that uses vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) technology to measure liver stiffness. The device transmits a mild vibration through the skin and measures the velocity of the resulting shear wave, which is directly related to the stiffness of the liver tissue. This information can be used to assess the degree of liver fibrosis.
2
Sas version 9 by SAS Institute
Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Cameroon, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, Israel, Denmark, Australia, New Caledonia, France, Argentina, Sweden, Ireland, India
SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.
3
18g temno 2 by Cardinal Health
Sourced in United States
The 18G Temno® II is a laboratory equipment product. It is a device used for obtaining tissue samples.
4
Acuson s2000 by Siemens
Sourced in Germany, United States, France, Japan
The Acuson S2000 is a diagnostic ultrasound system developed by Siemens. It is designed for general imaging applications, providing high-quality imaging capabilities.
5
Cellsens software by Olympus
Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Poland, Belgium
CellSens is a software application developed by Olympus for the acquisition, processing, and analysis of digital microscopic images. It provides a user-friendly interface for the control and management of Olympus microscopes and digital cameras.
6
Entellan by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Brazil, Japan, Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland
Entellan is a mounting medium for microscopy samples. It is designed to provide a transparent, long-lasting seal for the mounting of specimens on microscope slides.
7
Lightspeed by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
The LightSpeed is a high-performance computed tomography (CT) imaging system developed by GE Healthcare. It is designed to capture detailed images of the body's internal structures quickly and efficiently. The LightSpeed utilizes advanced technology to generate clear and accurate images for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes.
8
Novaultra sirius red stain kit by IHC World
Sourced in United States
The NovaUltra Sirius Red Stain Kit is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and quantification of collagen fibers in histological samples. It contains solutions for staining and mounting samples. The kit provides a simple and reliable method for visualizing collagen using standard light microscopy techniques.
9
Anti cd1c clone l161 by BioLegend
Sourced in United Kingdom
Anti-CD1c (clone L161) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD1c cell surface antigen. CD1c is a member of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules that present lipid and glycolipid antigens to T cells.
10
Live dead yellow by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Live/Dead Yellow is a fluorescent dye used in cell viability assays. It selectively stains dead cells, allowing for the differentiation between live and dead cells in a sample.

More about "Cirrhosis"

Cirrhosis is a severe, progressive liver condition characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue.
This chronic disease can lead to numerous complications, including portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices, and hepatic encephalopathy.
The primary causes of cirrhosis include chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune disorders.
Early detection and proper management are crucial for slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.
Advances in medical technology, such as FibroScan (a non-invasive method for assessing liver fibrosis), have revolutionized the diagnosis and monitoring of cirrhosis.
Additionally, software like SAS version 9.4 and CellSens are used for data analysis and image processing, while tools like the 18G Temno® II biopsy needle and the Acuson S2000 ultrasound system aid in the collection and visualization of liver samples.
Stains, such as the NovaUltra Sirius Red Stain Kit and Entellan, are used to highlight collagen fibers and facilitate histological analysis.
Ongoing research, including studies utilizing LightSpeed technology, aims to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of cirrhosis and develop more effective treatment strategies.
By incorporating these advancements, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and a better understanding of this complex liver disease.