Eosinophilia refers to an abnormal increase in the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the body.
This condition can be associated with a variety of disorders, including allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and certain types of cancer.
Eosinophilia may cause symptoms such as tissue inflammation, organ damage, and complications depending on the underlying cause.
Effective diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilia requires a thorough understanding of the potential etiologies and appropriate management strategies.
PubCompare.ai provides a powerful AI-driven platform to optimize research protocols and locate the best information on eosinophilia, helping researchers make informed decisions to advance their studies.
The University of North Carolina (UNC) EoE clinico-pathologic database was used for this study. This database contains clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic characteristics on over 1,200 patients with esophageal eosinophilia from any cause from 2000 to 2007. It also contains information on patients in whom esophageal eosinophilia was excluded with a normal esophageal biopsy. Because this study was designed primarily to test reliability of determining eosinophil counts, subjects were selected based on their initial eosinophil counts (eos/hpf) performed for clinical care, and specifically chosen to represent a wide range of esophageal eosinophil counts, from 0 to >300 eos/hpf. The esophageal eosinophilia could have been from any cause, including EoE or gastroesophageal reflux disease, and clinical characteristics were not relevant for the purposes of this study. After identification of appropriate patients, archived pathology slides were pulled for review. This study was approved by the University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board.
Dellon E.S., Fritchie K.J., Rubinas T.C., Woosley J.T, & Shaheen N.J. (2009). Inter- and Intraobserver Reliability and Validation of a New Method for Determination of Eosinophil Counts in Patients with Esophageal Eosinophilia. Digestive diseases and sciences, 55(7), 1940-1949.
Study participants were patients diagnosed with epilepsy by the Department of Neurology in Ningxia Medical University General Hospital. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ① Ningxia resident with no history of marriages with other ethnic groups for more than three generations; ② Clear indications for AEDs treatment; ③ Have not been administered oral AEDs, and potential adverse drug reactions declared in patients or their guardians, after which signed informed consents were obtained; and ④ The initial dose and increasing dose of AEDs determined according to the “Pharmacopeia of People's Republic of China” (2010 edition). The exclusion criteria were as follows: ① Having a history of alcohol-related epilepsy; ② Having a treatable cause (such as metabolic disorders, poisoning, and infection); ③ With progressive brain or central nervous system diseases, such as encephalitis, tumors, or degenerative diseases; ④ Suffering from other diseases and the emergence of allergy during the follow-up period; and ⑤ Having to discontinue or substitute medications and not completing 12 weeks of prescribed oral AEDs. Four hundred and fifteen patients were followed up bi-weekly for 12 weeks after initiating oral AEDs. The initial dosage of PHT, LTG, CBZ, and valproate (VPA) was 200, 500, 12.5, 100 mg/d, and 5 mg/kg/d, respectively. They were examined for symptoms and signs of cADRs in an epileptic clinic every 2 weeks. AEDs tolerance was defined as patients who were able to tolerate AEDs without cADRs manifestation. If cADRs manifested, the AEDs were discontinued immediately and a dermatologist was consulted to diagnose and treat the patients (Figure 1). Two attending or one chief physician from the Department of Dermatology examined the patients. The criteria for the diagnosis and classification of cADRs were as follows: ① MPE: a rash, not involving the mucosa, no organ or system damage, and resolved after 1–2 weeks; ② HSS: in addition to skin rash, numerous viscera involvement with systemic manifestations, such as fever, arthralgia, eosinophilia, and lymphadenopathy; ③ SJS: the occurrence of skin exfoliation, involving a range of no <10% of the body area, with or without other organ or system damage; ④ TEN: the presence of skin exfoliation, involving more than 30% of the body area, with or without other organ or system damage; and ⑤ SJS/TEN: the presence of skin exfoliation, involving a range of 10–30% of the total body area. The patients were treated for skin damage based on the severity as determined by a dermatologist after cADRs diagnosis was confirmed. These patients were assigned to the AEDs-cADRs group. Nested case-control design is the most common way to reduce the costs of exposure assessment in prospective epidemiological studies. They can also reduce the sample size through matching (10 (link)). In this study, 15 patients with epilepsy who developed cADRs were defined as the AEDs-cADRs group. For each patient with AEDs-cADRs, two patients with AEDs tolerance were selected and matched by AEDs, gender, age (±3 years), and ethnicity.
Wang X., Chao L., Liu X., Xu X, & Zhang Q. (2019). Association Between HLA Genotype and Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Antiepileptic Drugs Among Epilepsy Patients in Northwest China. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 1.
TNM6 (Sobin and Wittekind, 2002 ) was used in staging and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria in grading the differentiation (Hamilton et al, 2010 ). The SACs were detected by the WHO 2010 criteria as described earlier (Hamilton et al, 2010 ; Sajanti et al, 2014 (link)), including saw-toothed epithelial serrations, clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei with distinct nucleoli, well-preserved polarity, and abundant mucin production. Tumour growth pattern at the advancing tumour border was classified using the earlier described criteria (Jass et al, 1996 (link)), briefly diffuse, irregular clusters or small glands or cords of cells infiltrating to surrounding tissue vs expanding, well-circumscribed margins. Lymphatic invasion was defined as tumour cells present in vessels with an endothelial lining but lacking a muscular wall, and blood vessel invasion was evaluated positive if there were tumour cells in vessels with a thick muscular wall or in vessels containing red blood cells. The areal percentage of tumour necrosis was visually estimated by inspecting manually all available tumour slides. The method was otherwise analogous with two previous studies (Pollheimer et al, 2010 (link); Richards et al, 2012 (link)), but no predetermined cutoff scores were utilised in this study. Tumour necrosis in haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections was specified as an area with increased eosinophilia and nuclear shrinkage, fragmentation and disappearance, with shadows of tumour cells visible to variable extent (Figure 1). Neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate at the boundaries of an area was considered to support the classification of that area as necrotic but was not required by definition. Intraluminal necrosis fulfilled the criteria and was included in the evaluation of tumour necrosis percentage. All the histological analyses were performed blinded to the clinical data.
Väyrynen S.A., Väyrynen J.P., Klintrup K., Mäkelä J., Karttunen T.J., Tuomisto A, & Mäkinen M.J. (2016). Clinical impact and network of determinants of tumour necrosis in colorectal cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 114(12), 1334-1342.
Nasal Cytology was performed by scraping the middle part of the inferior turbinate. For the sampling we used a sterile disposable curette (Nasal scraping®, Ep Medica (RA), Italy). The sample was immediately smeared on a glass slide, air dried and then stained with May–Grunwald–Giemsa preparation. The following reading by an optical microscope Nikon E600 (Nikon, Ontario, Canada) allowed us to identify the presence of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and mast cells) in nasal mucosa. We analyzed a minimum of 50 microscopic fields at x 1000 in oil immersion and the count of each cell type was expressed by a semi-quantitative grading (from 0 to 4 (link)) (13 (link),14 (link)). During the nasal cytological examination at T0, the clinical-cytologic grading was also calculated for each patient. Since CRswNP is a pathology with an elevated risk of relapse and poor control despite conventional therapy, negative prognostic factors responsible of relapses and lack of symptoms control were identified (15 (link)). Many studies demonstrated that allergy, asthma, and acetylsalicylate (ASA) sensitivity are determining factor for negative outcomes. The correlation between these clinical parameters and nasal cytology results (nasal eosinophilia, neutrophilia, mastocytosis) led to the development of a score, called clinical-cytologic grading (CCG), whose value defines the relapse prognostic index, classified in low, intermediate, or high (Table 1) (16 (link)).
Santomasi C., Buonamico E., Dragonieri S., Iannuzzi L., Portacci A., Quaranta N, & Carpagnano G.E. (2023). Effects of benralizumab in a population of patients affected by severe eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a real-life study. Acta Bio Medica : Atenei Parmensis, 94(1), e2023028.
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. The paired series involved a comparison test used to assess duration of effectiveness, pre- and postoperative differences in nasal obstruction VAS, olfactory disorders VAS and pre- and postoperative differences in NPS. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all analyses. The highest NPS from both the right and left nasal fossae was used for statistical analyses. Student’s mean comparison test was used to evaluate the influence of factors potentially affecting our results. Gender, asthma or AERD, history and number of sinus surgeries, preoperative NPS, hypereosinophilia, cardiovascular history and diabetes were tested. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method to determine non-recurrence. The log-rank test was performed to evaluate the influence of factors potentially affecting recurrence.
Mimari C., Radulesco T., Penicaud M., Dessi P, & Michel J. (2023). Surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps under local anaesthesia: indications and results. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 43(1), 42-48.
Whole hearts were fixed in 10% buffered formalin at the end of each experiment, and sectioned transversely at midventricle, with samples taken from the anterior to lateral free LV wall for histological assessment. These were paraffin‐embedded, sectioned at 4 μm, and stained with H&E, and immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor (vWF). H&E‐stained sections were quantitatively scored in a blinded fashion by a pathologist. The extent of myocardial hemorrhaging on each section was scored as 0 (none), 1 (<10%), 2 (10%–50%), or 3 (>50%), with endocardial and epicardial hemorrhage also scored as 0 (none), 1 (<5%), 2 (5%–10%), or 3 (>10%). Contraction bands and/or hypereosinophilic myocytes were also assessed as 0 (absent), 1 (present). Staining for vWF was used as a marker for endothelial cell injury. After deparaffinization and rehydration, antigen retrieval (Dako Target Retrieval Solution, pH9, Agilent) was performed for subsequent probing with an anti‐vWF antibody (GA527, 1:400, Dako). An anti‐rabbit secondary antibody (VECTASTAIN Elite ABC‐Peroxidase kit, Vector Laboratories) and 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (SigmaFAST DAB, Sigma‐Aldrich) were used for detection and staining. Hematoxylin was used for counterstaining. vWF density was expressed as a pixel unit and calibrated by the sum of inner perimeters of vessels in each section using Adobe Photoshop 2020 (Adobe, CA). The same threshold density for vWF‐positive staining was applied to all sections. To assess apoptosis, a TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin‐dUTP nick end labeling) assay was performed as per manufacturer's instructions (ApopTag Plus Fluorescein In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit, EMD Millipore Corporation, CA), and the number of TUNEL‐positive nuclei was quantified in 6 randomly picked fields/sections with an open‐source digital image analysis software (QuPath v0.2.3) at 20X and averaged. TUNEL‐positive nuclei were expressed as a percentage of total nuclei.
Kadowaki S., Siraj M.A., Chen W., Wang J., Parker M., Nagy A., Steve Fan C., Runeckles K., Li J., Kobayashi J., Haller C., Husain M, & Honjo O. (2023). Cardioprotective Actions of a Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist on Hearts Donated After Circulatory Death. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 12(3), e027163.
Tissue samples were fixed in formalin, processed routinely, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histologic scores and diagnoses were made by consensus (LAJH or LS, and JLC) without knowledge of the gross diagnosis or microbiology data. All lung sections were scored for the presence or absence of specified histologic lesions (Supplemental Tables S4 and S5). The duration of cranioventral and caudodorsal lung lesions was classified as acute (absence of fibrosis), subacute (presence of immature granulation tissue), or chronic (presence of mature fibrosis that was densely eosinophilic with fewer and smaller fibroblast nuclei). Histologic criteria for diagnosis of bronchopneumonia were neutrophils and macrophages filling the lumen of alveoli and bronchioles. Histologic criteria for alveolar and bronchiolar damage (a form of interstitial/bronchointerstitial lung disease) were alveoli lined by hyaline membranes or type II pneumocytes and loss of bronchiolar epithelium with attenuation of remaining epithelial cells, respectively. Cases were diagnosed as BIP if bronchopneumonia was a predominant histologic lesion in sections of cranioventral lung and alveolar and bronchiolar damage were prominent in sections of caudodorsal lung. However, the lesion types were not required to be anatomically segregated: The cranioventral lung sections of some BIP cases had alveolar and bronchiolar damage in addition to the bronchopneumonia required for the diagnosis of BIP, and the caudodorsal lung sections of some BIP cases had bronchopneumonia in addition to the alveolar and bronchiolar damage required for the diagnosis of BIP.
Haydock L.A., Fenton R.K., Sergejewich L., Veldhuizen R.A., Smerek D., Ojkic D, & Caswell J.L. (2023). Bronchopneumonia with interstitial pneumonia in beef feedlot cattle: Characterization and laboratory investigation. Veterinary Pathology, 60(2), 214-225.
In this part, we outline our suggested method for having the virtual doctor produce responses to patient inquiries that are appropriate from a medical standpoint. Figure 2 depicts the detailed model architecture proposed for the task of medical dialogue generation. We use the BioBERT BASE43 (link) as the pre-trained language model to dynamically build contextualised representations for the input sequences using graphical knowledge. With the conversation sequence C in hand, we first mask the tokens for which we acquire a medical graph in accordance with section “Construction of the medical entity graph”, and instead of predicting the token itself, we infer the tail entities extracted from the corresponding graphs. We call this as the MED model. For example, given the triples: ’(cough, treats, eosinophilia)’, ’(blockage, occurs in, pulmonologist)’, we mask the tokens cough and blockage in the dialogue context, as “i am continuously suffering from [MASK] due to feeling of some [MASK] in upper wind pipe”; the model then predicts the tail entity corresponding to the masked tokens cough and blockage i.e eosinophilia and pulmonologist. We choose the tail token from the first triple in the sequence , associated with the m-th masked token and denote it as . Given the input sequence, I (Each token in I is first passed through a series of three embedding layers (Token, Segment, and Position). The resulting embeddings are concatenated and denoted as ), we first attempt to predict by using BERT based token classification model which returns the hidden states, , for the input sequence which is usually the representation of the [CLS] token. While predicting any masked token, information from nearby words is utilized. Our approach directly utilizes the dialogue context, (I) , simultaneously incorporating the knowledge triples. We first form the flattened token sequence for the input utterance with the masked entities: The corresponding ground truth label, , for token classification is shown as follows: where the [CLS] token is inserted at the beginning of the sequence as an indicator of the start of the sentence. The [SEP] token distinguishes one sequence from the next and indicates the end of a sentence. The BioBERT-based decoder generates text by predicting one word at a time, using the hidden state at each time step. During training, the decoder is provided with the actual next word in the sequence, taken from the set , as input. However, during inference, the decoder uses the word it has previously predicted as input. To start the decoding process, the first input to the decoder is taken from the first token in . The BioBERT model uses its hidden state from the top layer, passed through a linear layer, to predict the next token in the target (output) sequence. where is a learnable weight matrix and is the bias. The decoder loss is the cross-entropy between the output distribution and the reference distribution, , denoted as .
MED architecture: The proposed architecture first encodes the conversation history using a BioBERT encoder as shown in the left. We first attempt to predict the sequence \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$M_L$$\end{document}ML using the token classification task that provides the hidden states, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$H_{k,i}$$\end{document}Hk,i, for the input sequence. This input sequence is then fed into a BioBERT decoder to generate the response.
Varshney D., Zafar A., Behera N.K, & Ekbal A. (2023). Knowledge grounded medical dialogue generation using augmented graphs. Scientific Reports, 13, 3310.
The OVA (grade V) is a lab equipment product from Merck Group. It is designed for laboratory use and serves a core function in the research and analysis processes. Due to the technical nature of this product, a detailed description while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach cannot be provided. Therefore, a more comprehensive description is not available.
The Eosinophil Isolation Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the isolation of eosinophils from whole blood samples. The kit utilizes a density gradient centrifugation method to separate eosinophils from other blood cells.
The BX43 is a light microscope designed for routine clinical and laboratory applications. It features a trinocular observation tube, allowing for the attachment of a camera or other imaging device. The microscope is equipped with high-quality optics and a sturdy, ergonomic design to provide reliable performance in a variety of settings.
Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Belgium, United Kingdom, Cameroon, China, Denmark, Canada, Israel, New Caledonia, Germany, Poland, India, France, Ireland, Australia
SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.
The Eclipse light microscope is a high-quality optical instrument designed for detailed observation and analysis. It features advanced optics and a durable construction to provide clear, high-resolution images. The Eclipse is a versatile tool suitable for a wide range of laboratory applications.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, Belgium, Israel, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Italy, France, Austria, Sweden, Switzerland, Ireland, Finland
Prism 6 is a data analysis and graphing software developed by GraphPad. It provides tools for curve fitting, statistical analysis, and data visualization.
Sourced in United States, Germany, France, China, United Kingdom
Aluminum hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula Al(OH)3. It is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is insoluble in water. Aluminum hydroxide is primarily used as a food additive, antacid, and in the production of other aluminum compounds.
Sourced in United States, Denmark, United Kingdom, Belgium, Japan, Austria, China
Stata 14 is a comprehensive statistical software package that provides a wide range of data analysis and management tools. It is designed to help users organize, analyze, and visualize data effectively. Stata 14 offers a user-friendly interface, advanced statistical methods, and powerful programming capabilities.
The EasySep™ Human Eosinophil Enrichment Kit is a magnetic cell separation system designed to isolate eosinophils from human peripheral blood or bone marrow samples. The kit utilizes monoclonal antibodies and magnetic particles to selectively label and remove unwanted cells, allowing for the isolation of highly purified eosinophils.
Eosinophilia refers to an abnormal increase in the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the body. This condition can be associated with a variety of disorders, including allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and certain types of cancer. Eosinophilia may cause symptoms such as tissue inflammation, organ damage, and complications depending on the underlying cause.
PubCompare.ai allows you to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. It can help researchers identify the most effective protocols related to Eosinophilia for their specific research goals. The platform's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accruacy.
Eosinophilia can be classified into different types based on the underlying cause. These include allergic eosinophilia, parasitic eosinophilia, idiopathic eosinophilia, and neoplastic eosinophilia. Each type has its own unique characteristics and requires specific diagnostic and treatment approaches.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers optimize their research protocols for Eosinophilia in several ways. The platform allows you to access a vast database of literature, pre-prints, and patents, enabling you to locate the best protocols and products. The intelligent comparisons and analysis provided by PubCompare.ai ensure that you make informed decisions to advance your research effortlessly.
Eosinophilia research has a wide range of applications, including the study of allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and certain types of cancer. Researchers may investigate the underlying mechanisms of eosinophilia, develop new diagnostic tools, or explore novel therapeutic approaches to manage the condition and its associated complications. PubCompare.ai can assist in locating the most relevant and effective protocols to support these research endeavors.
To optimize your Eosinophilia research protocols using PubCompare.ai, you can start by leveraging the platform's AI-driven analysis to screen a wide range of protocol literature more efficiently. The platform's intelligent comparisons can help you identify the most effective protocols for your specific research goals, taking into account factors like reproducibility, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. This will enable you to make informed decisions and advance your studies on Eosinophilia with confidence.
More about "Eosinophilia"
Eosinophilic Disorders: Exploring the Complexities of Elevated Eosinophil Counts.
Eosinophilia, the abnormal increase in eosinophils (a type of white blood cell), can be associated with a variety of conditions, including allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and certain cancers.
This condition can lead to tissue inflammation, organ damage, and other complications, depending on the underlying cause.
Understanding the potential etiologies and appropriate management strategies is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, offers a powerful solution for optimizing research protocols and locating the best information on eosinophilia.
Researchers can explore a vast database of literature, pre-prints, and patents to find the most relevant protocols and products, ensuring they make informed decisions to advance their studies.
Key topics related to eosinophilia include eosinophil biology, eosinophil-mediated diseases, diagnostic techniques (such as the use of the BX43 light microscope, Eclipse light microscope, and EasySep™ Human Eosinophil Enrichment Kit), and therapeutic approaches (including the use of Aluminum hydroxide).
Statistical analysis tools like SAS 9.4, Prism 6, and Stata 14 can also be employed to analyze eosinophil-related data.
By leveraging the insights and capabilities of PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their research protocols, access the latest information, and make informed decisions to advance their understanding and treatment of eosinophilic disorders.
Expereince the future of protocol optimization today with PubCompare.ai.