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> Disorders > Disease or Syndrome > Epiphora

Epiphora

Epiphora is a medical condition characterized by excessive tearing or watering of the eyes.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including blocked tear ducts, eye infections, or irritation.
Epiphora can lead to discomfort, vision problems, and social embarrasment.
Effective management and treatment of epiphora requires accurate identification of the underlying cause.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the condition to help guide clinical decision-making and research.

Most cited protocols related to «Epiphora»

1
Standardized Reporting of Health Outcomes
We considered the following health endpoints consistent with those we previously reported [6 (link),7 (link)].
"Gastrointestinal illness" (GI illness) was defined as any of the following: (1) diarrhea (three or more loose stools in a 24-hour period); (2) vomiting; (3) nausea and stomachache; (4) nausea or stomachache, and interference with regular activities (missed regular activities as a result of the illness).
"Upper respiratory illness" (URI) was defined as any 2 of the following: sore throat, cough, runny nose, cold, or fever.
"Rash" was defined as a rash or itchy skin.
"Eye irritations" were defined as either eye infection or watery eye.
"Earache" was defined as earache, ear infection, or runny ears.
Diarrhea was also considered as a stand alone outcome because it is a commonly used definition of gastroenteritis in population-based surveillance [12 (link),13 (link)].
Participants ill within 3 days before their beach visit were excluded from analysis of the health outcome related to their baseline symptoms.
Wade T.J., Sams E., Brenner K.P., Haugland R., Chern E., Beach M., Wymer L., Rankin C.C., Love D., Li Q., Noble R, & Dufour A.P. (2010). Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality and swimming-associated illness at marine beaches: a prospective cohort study. Environmental Health, 9, 66.
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Publication 2010
Common Cold Cough Diarrhea Ear Earache Ear Infection Epiphora Exanthema Eye Infection Fever Gastroenteritis Nausea Pruritus Respiratory Rate Rhinorrhea Sore Throat
2
Classifying Otolaryngology Interventions
Given the heterogeneous nature of otolaryngology interventions, each was allocated to one of the following:

Interventions for hearing (bone-anchored hearing aid, cochlear implant, middle ear implant, stapes surgery).

Interventions for benign tumours (vestibular schwannoma).

Interventions for nasal function (septoplasty for nasal obstruction and endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis).

Interventions for epiphora (dacryocystorhinostomy).

Interventions for cosmesis (rhinoplasty and auricular reconstruction/otoplasty).

Interventions for chronic tonsillitis (tonsillectomy).

Interventions for snoring.

Interventions for dystonia (botulinum toxin).

Hendry J., Chin A., Swan I.R., Akeroyd M.A, & Browning G.G. (2016). The Glasgow Benefit Inventory: a systematic review of the use and value of an otorhinolaryngological generic patient-recorded outcome measure. Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery, 41(3), 259-275.
Publication 2016
Acoustic Neuroma Benign Neoplasm Botulinum Toxins Dacryocystorhinostomy Dystonia Disorders Epiphora Genetic Heterogeneity Hearing Aids Implant, Middle Ear Implantations, Cochlear Nose Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Rhinoplasty Sinuses, Nasal Sinusitis Stapes Surgery Surgical Endoscopy Tonsillectomy Tonsillitis
3
Computer Vision Syndrome Among Bank Workers
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 5 to June 15, 2015 in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia. Gondar city is located ~750 km northwest from the national capital, Addis Ababa and ~180 km from Bahir Dar city, the regional capital of the Amhara. Gondar is one of the ancient and largely populated cities of the country, having a population of ~303,815. It has a latitude and longitude of 12°36′N and 37°28′E, respectively, with an elevation of 2133 m above sea level.11 (link) In Gondar city, nowadays, there arê33 governmental and nongovernmental banks serving the community. All computer-using bank workers were included in the study except bank workers who had ocular diseases, such as acute, chronic, infective conjunctivitis, any specific eyelid disorders, uncorrected refractive error and other binocular vision problems.
The sample size was determined by using the single population proportion and correction formula because the population was <10,000 (which was 308) with the assumption of the level of significance (α)=5% (with confidence level of 95%), marginal error w=5% and P=0.739 (previous study on secretaries and data processors at Gondar University).12 The Z value was 1.96 (n=sample size, P=proportion and w=marginal error), which was 172 bank workers. But in this study, computer users who were not eligible for the study were excluded, and for the confidence of the research power, all computer-using bank workers (n=308) were the final sample size.

Appropriate sitting position – The face of the operator just in level to the computer screen.13

Bank workers – Professionals who work on government and private banks.

Computer user – Bank workers who use desktop or laptop single-monitor computer devices for their daily work at the bank arena.

Computer vision syndrome – At least one of the asthenopic symptoms of eyestrain, eye fatigue, blurred vision, headache, dry eye, watery eye, blurred vision, double vision, irritation and burning sensation of the eyes that occur as a result of computer use.14

Pretested structured questionnaire (Figure S2) was prepared in English language and translated into Amharic language (working language) for obtaining information about sociodemographic characteristic and personal factors for CVS and then translated back into English language for data entry and analysis. Four data collectors (optometrists) were involved in the data collection procedure. Face-to-face interview using pretested standardized questionnaires and direct observations with checklist was conducted to measure personal and environmental factors by an optometrist. Snellen visual acuity card and pinhole for visual acuity measurement, retinoscope for refraction, torch and magnifying loop for ocular segment examination and viewing distance measurement meter were used for clinical evaluations. There were an optometrist supervisor and principal investigator during data collection. Data were entered using Epi Info™ 7 and exported and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistic and logistic regression was carried out to compute the different rates, proportions and relevant associations with 95% confidence interval (CI).
Before conducting the study, ethical clearance was obtained from University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine Ethical Review Committee. Oral consent of each participant was taken after explaining the purpose of the study. Confidentiality of the information was maintained thoroughly by excluding names as identification in the questionnaire and keeping their privacy during data collection, and also individual results were kept secure by locking.
Assefa N.L., Weldemichael D.Z., Alemu H.W, & Anbesse D.H. (2017). Prevalence and associated factors of computer vision syndrome among bank workers in Gondar City, northwest Ethiopia, 2015. Clinical Optometry, 9, 67-76.
Publication 2017
Asthenopia Conjunctivitis Dry Eye Epiphora Ethical Review Eye Burns Eyelid Diseases Face Headache Medical Devices Ocular Refraction Optometrist Pharmaceutical Preparations Refractive Errors Retinoscopes Syndrome Vision Visual Acuity Workers
4
Ocular Neuropathic Pain Assessment Protocol
For each individual, demographic information (age, sex, race, ethnicity), past ocular and medical history, and medication information were collected. Medications were categorized into anxiolytics, antidepressants, analgesics, antihistamines, and the gabapentinoids.
Patients filled out standardized questionnaires regarding dry eye symptoms, including the Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 (DEQ5)22 (link) and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).23 (link) The DEQ5 is a validated, five-item questionnaire that combines patient responses regarding “eye discomfort” (frequency and intensity), “eye dryness” (frequency and intensity), and “watery eyes” (frequency) during the past month. Scores on the DEQ5 can range from 0 to 22, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms. The OSDI is a 12-item questionnaire that assesses the frequency of dry eye symptoms and their impact on function on a 0 to 100 scale, with higher scores indicating greater severity of disease.23 (link) It has good psychometric properties23 (link) and has been used in a number of studies of dry eye and quality of life.24 (link),25 (link)Pain questionnaires were used to assess for the presence and quality of ocular pain. A numerical rating scale (NRS; score 0–10) was used to assess the “average intensity of eye pain during the past week.” The Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI),26 (link) modified for the eye, was used to quantify the severity of clinically relevant dimensions of neuropathic pain. This questionnaire was chosen as it has been validated and used in a number of patient populations with various neuropathic pain conditions,26 (link)–30 (link, link, link, link) though it has not been specifically validated for eye pain. The NPSI consists of 10 scored items that help identify and assess the severity of spontaneous and paroxysmal pain, paresthesias, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. In order to modify the NPSI so that it was relevant to neuropathic ocular pain (NOP), we replaced three of the original questions regarding the severity of allodynia or hyperalgesia caused by (1) light touch, (2) pressure, or (3) contact with something cold on the skin, with questions specific to ocular allodynia or hyperalgesia (eye pain caused or increased by [1] wind, [2] light, and [3] heat or cold). A total NPSI eye score was calculated, along with five subscores (burning spontaneous pain, pressing spontaneous pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain, and paresthesia/dysesthesia), as an indication of the severity of neuropathic-like ocular pain.
Regarding mental health indices, symptoms of PTSD were assessed via the PTSD Checklist–Military Version (PCL-M) (score 17–85)31 (link),32 (link) and symptoms of depression via the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9) (score 0–27).33 (link)
Spierer O., Felix E.R., McClellan A.L., Parel J.M., Gonzalez A., Feuer W.J., Sarantopoulos C.D., Levitt R.C., Ehrmann K, & Galor A. (2016). Corneal Mechanical Thresholds Negatively Associate With Dry Eye and Ocular Pain Symptoms. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57(2), 617-625.
Publication 2016
6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency Allodynia Analgesics Anti-Anxiety Agents Antidepressive Agents Common Cold Depressive Symptoms Dry Eye Dysesthesia Epiphora Ethnicity Flatulence Histamine Antagonists Hyperalgesia Light Mental Health Military Personnel Neuralgia Pain Pain, Burning Pain, Eye Pain Disorder Paresthesia Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Population Group Pressure Psychometrics Severity, Pain Skin Touch Vision
5
COVID-19 Outpatient Symptom Evaluation
In early 2020, there was a limited understanding of the symptoms experienced by outpatients with COVID-19. The SE-C19 questions were developed based on the CDC symptom list [14 ] and published literature available at the time [15 ]. Item generation and evaluation of content validity of the SE-C19 were informed by the good measurement principles outlined in the FDA PRO guidance [12 (link)] and the Patient-Focused Drug Development guidance [16 ].
Symptoms identified in the literature and on the CDC website were used to develop 23 questions concerning the following: feeling feverish, chills, sore throat, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, red or watery eyes, body and muscle aches, loss of taste or smell, fatigue, loss of appetite, confusion, dizziness, pressure or tight chest, chest pain, stomachache, rash, sneezing, sputum/phlegm, and runny nose. Patients were asked to select which of the symptoms they had experienced in the past 24 h in an electronic diary, then rate the severity of each selected symptom at its worst in that 24-h period on a severity scale (mild, moderate, or severe). To aid interpretation of the SE-C19, additional questions were developed to assess patients’ global impressions of overall symptom severity and return to usual health/daily activities, in line with FDA recommendations [6 ]. The electronic app could be accessed using a smartphone, tablet, or computer.
Rofail D., McGale N., Im J., Rams A., Przydzial K., Mastey V., Sivapalasingam S, & Podolanczuk A.J. (2022). Development and content validation of the Symptoms Evolution of COVID-19: a patient-reported electronic daily diary in clinical and real-world studies. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 6, 41.
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Publication 2022
Ageusia Anorexia Chest Chest Pain Chills Cough COVID 19 Diarrhea Epiphora Exanthema Fatigue Fever Headache Human Body Myalgia Nausea Outpatients Patients Pressure Rhinorrhea Sense of Smell Sore Throat Sputum Tablet

Most recents protocols related to «Epiphora»

1
Lacrimal Dysfunction Follow-up Evaluation
Follow-up was performed monthly for 3-12 months after the end of conservative treatment or for 3-12 months after silicone drainage tube removal in patients who underwent surgical treatment. During follow-up, conjunctival hyperemia, discharge, epiphora, canalicular swelling and lacrimal duct irrigation were observed.
Wang Q., Sun S., Lu S., Hu R., Sun H., Gu Y, & Zhang Z. (2023). Clinical diagnosis, treatment and microbiological profiles of primary canaliculitis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 25(4), 157.
Publication 2023
Conjunctiva Conservative Treatment Drainage Duct, Lacrimal Epiphora Hyperemia Operative Surgical Procedures Patient Discharge Patients Silicones
2
Ocular Irritancy Assessment of Thermosensitive Gel

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Publication 2023
Albinism Epiphora Erythema Irritants Oryctolagus cuniculus Pharmaceutical Preparations Safety
3
Monitoring Poultry Egg Quality and Production
Following the IBV challenge, the clinical signs in all groups were observed twice a day, and they were scaled according to their severity into four scores (from 0 to 3) using a previously described method [39 (link)]. Briefly, a score of 1 was given to non-specific signs such as ruffled feathers, huddling together near a heat source, depression with lowered head, and droopy wings. The severity of respiratory signs was scored as follows: a score of 0 denoted the absence of respiratory signs; a score of 1 denoted mild signs, where respiration was increase but beaks remained closed; a score of 2 denoted moderate signs, including increased respiration with open beaks, coughing, sneezing, watery eyes, and nasal discharge; a score of 3 denoted severe signs, such as obvious gasping. The overall clinical sign scores observed per day were recorded and calculated according to the aforementioned scoring system.
The collected eggs were analyzed daily up to 2 weeks post-infection (p.i.). All eggs were examined for external egg quality parameters such as egg length (L) and egg width (W), which were measured using a digital caliper with a minimum value 0.01 mm. Based on these measurements, the egg shape index (SI) was calculated following a formula previously described [40 (link)]. For internal egg quality, the albumen height and egg weight were measured for individual eggs using a digital caliper and scale, respectively. We calculated the Haugh units (HU) for each egg using a previously published formula [41 (link)]. The external and internal egg quality abnormalities among the collected eggs in all groups were recorded daily during the experimental period. Egg production performance was analyzed as the percentage of egg production/group/1 week period.
Ali A., Hassan M.S., Najimudeen S.M., Farooq M., Shany S., El-Safty M.M., Shalaby A.A, & Abdul-Careem M.F. (2023). Efficacy of Two Vaccination Strategies against Infectious Bronchitis in Laying Hens. Vaccines, 11(2), 338.
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Publication 2023
Albumins Beak Congenital Abnormality Epiphora Feathers Fingers Head Infection Respiration Respiratory Rate Rhinorrhea
4
Surgical Outcome Assessment Criteria
The surgical outcome of this study was determined subjectively according to the strict criteria offered by Moore et al. [17 (link)]. The patients were asked to rate their pre- and post-operative complaints on a 5-point Likert scale, as follows: (1) cure and no complaints of mucous discharge or epiphora; (2) significant improvement (symptoms are at least 80% better); (3) moderate/slight improvement; (4) unchanged; and (5) worsening of the symptoms. Points 1 and 2 were considered to indicate a “satisfactory” outcome, while the other points were considered to indicate an “unsatisfactory” outcome.
Huang W., Cao S., Xie L., Li X., Meng Z., Yu X., Huang D., Chen R, & Liang X. (2023). Efficacy and safety of super pulse CO2 laser-assisted punctoplasty with canalicular curettage in primary canaliculitis. Lasers in Medical Science, 38(1), 75.
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Publication 2023
Epiphora Mucus Operative Surgical Procedures Patient Discharge Patients
5
Super Pulse CO2 Laser Punctoplasty for Canaliculitis
All patients who underwent super pulse CO2 laser-assisted punctoplasty for the treatment of canaliculitis at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University of China, from January 2020 to May 2022 were included in this study. The diagnosis of canaliculitis was established by persistent mucopurulent discharge, or epiphora, accompanied by the presence of expressible discharge from the punctum, concretions extruding from the punctum, and swelling and erythema of the affected punctum. Prior to making the diagnosis, the puncta, eyelids, canthi, and conjunctiva were examined thoroughly. All participants underwent an 80-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination (SW-3200 L; Tianjin Suowei Electronic Technology Co., Tianjin, China) and lacrimal irrigation prior to the operation. In addition, patients with secondary canaliculitis, such as punctual plug-induced canaliculitis, and lower eyelid malpositioning, including ectropion or entropion, were excluded.
Huang W., Cao S., Xie L., Li X., Meng Z., Yu X., Huang D., Chen R, & Liang X. (2023). Efficacy and safety of super pulse CO2 laser-assisted punctoplasty with canalicular curettage in primary canaliculitis. Lasers in Medical Science, 38(1), 75.
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Publication 2023
Canaliculitis Carbon Dioxide Lasers Conjunctiva Diagnosis Ectropion Entropion Epiphora Erythema Eyelids Patient Discharge Patients Pulse Rate Slit Lamp Examination Ultrasonics

Top products related to «Epiphora»

1
Fluorescein sodium by Bausch & Lomb
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
Fluorescein Sodium is a water-soluble fluorescent dye used in various laboratory applications. It is a synthetic organic compound that emits a bright yellow-green fluorescence when exposed to UV or blue light. Fluorescein Sodium is commonly used as a tracer, marker, or indicator in scientific research and clinical procedures.
2
Light microscopy by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan
Light microscopy is a core imaging technology that uses visible light and a series of lenses to magnify and observe small-scale samples. It enables the visualization and analysis of microscopic structures and details not visible to the naked eye.
3
Isoflurane by Baxter
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sweden, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Norway, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Puerto Rico, Belgium, Australia, Spain, Finland
Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent used in the medical field. It is a clear, colorless, and nonflammable liquid that is vaporized and administered through inhalation. Isoflurane is primarily used to induce and maintain general anesthesia during surgical procedures.
4
Resflor gold by Merck Group
Resflor Gold is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for use in research and scientific applications.
5
Matlab software by MathWorks
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Morocco, Sweden
MATLAB is a high-performance numerical computing software that provides a powerful programming environment for technical and scientific computing. It is designed to perform matrix and array operations, data analysis, and visualization tasks. MATLAB offers a wide range of built-in functions and toolboxes for various applications, such as signal processing, control systems, and image processing.
6
Rose bengal by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia, China, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe
Rose Bengal is a laboratory dye used as a reagent in various analytical and diagnostic applications. It is a red, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and certain organic solvents. Rose Bengal is commonly used as a staining agent in cell biology, histology, and ophthalmology procedures.
7
Rompun by Bayer
Sourced in Germany, France, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Brazil, Belgium, Cameroon, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Ireland, Sweden, Portugal, Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, New Zealand
Rompun is a veterinary drug used as a sedative and analgesic for animals. It contains the active ingredient xylazine hydrochloride. Rompun is designed to induce a state of sedation and pain relief in animals during medical procedures or transportation.
8
Terramycin ophthalmic ointment by Zoetis
Sourced in United States
Terramycin ophthalmic ointment is a topical antibiotic medication used for the treatment of bacterial eye infections. It contains the active ingredient oxytetracycline hydrochloride, which has antimicrobial properties. The ointment is designed to be applied directly to the affected eye.
9
Spss software version 20 by IBM
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Japan, China
SPSS software version 20.0 is a statistical analysis software package developed by IBM. It is designed to handle a wide range of data analysis tasks, including data management, statistical modeling, and reporting. The software provides a comprehensive set of tools for data manipulation, analysis, and visualization, making it a popular choice for researchers, analysts, and decision-makers across various industries.
10
Stata software by StataCorp
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Denmark, Austria
Stata is a general-purpose statistical software package for data analysis, data management, and graphics. It provides a wide range of data manipulation, statistical, and graphical tools to help researchers and analysts effectively analyze and visualize data.

More about "Epiphora"

Epiphora, also known as excessive tearing or watering of the eyes, is a common ophthalmological condition characterized by the overflow of tears from the eyes.
This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including blocked tear ducts, eye infections, or irritation.
Epiphora can lead to discomfort, vision problems, and social embarrassment.
Effective management and treatment of epiphora requires accurate identification of the underlying cause.
Diagnostic techniques such as fluorescein sodium staining, light microscopy, and Rose Bengal staining can be used to assess the tear film and identify any structural or functional abnormalities.
In some cases, epiphora may be associated with the use of certain medications, such as isoflurane or Rompun (xylazine).
Topical treatments, such as Terramycin ophthalmic ointment, may be prescribed to address eye infections or irritation.
Data analysis software, such as MATLAB and SPSS version 20.0, can be utilized to analyze clinical data and inform treatment decisions.
Additionally, the Resflor Gold product may be investigated for its potential to manage epiphora in veterinary settings.
Epiphora research is an important area of study, and researchers can leverage the power of data-driven decision making by utilizing the PubCompare.ai platform to identify the most effective protocols and products for their studies.
This platform employs Stata software to enable intuitive comparisons and optimize research protocols.