Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Disorders > Disease or Syndrome > Glaucoma

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to vision loss and blindness if left untreated.
It is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide.
Early detection and proper management are crucial for preserving vision.
Glaucoma can be primary or secondary, and there are several subtypes based on the underlying cause and anatomical features.
Symptoms may include gradual vision loss, halos around lights, and eye pain.
Risk factors include age, family history, and certain medical conditions.
Treatment options include eye drops, laser therapy, and surgery to lower intraolular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve.
Ongoing research aims to improve early diagnosis, treatment efficacy, and patient outcomes.

Most cited protocols related to «Glaucoma»

1
Algorithmic Approach to Propensity Score Adjustment
A wide range of databases of health care utilization data (“claims”) is available for use in pharmacoepidemiology.3 (link) Each database is arranged in specific ways using a variety of classifications to code diagnoses (e.g. International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-8 through ICD-10), procedures (e.g. Current Procedural Terminology, Canadian Classification of Proceddures, ICD-9-Clinical Modification), or medications (e.g. National Drug Codes, American Hospital Formulary Services, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification). Beyond these basic data dimensions and coding systems, many more data dimensions can be found in such databases. Some databases provide additional dimensions such as laboratory results, other electronic medical record information, and accident registries.
We propose an algorithm that is independent of the specific data source as long as the source’s data dimensions can be identified. In Figure 2 we provide a flow diagram using a typical example of data dimensions available in US Medicare claims data linked to medication use data. First, a temporal window must be defined in which baseline covariates will be identified. A frequent choice is 6 or 12 months preceding the initiation of the study or comparison drug.2 (link) The recording of diagnoses and procedures is correlated with the frequency of health care encounters. Therefore, longer baseline periods increase the number of encounters and therefore yield more covariate information.2 (link)The most basic patient information always available to typical databases is age, sex and calendar time. We assume that given their ubiquity, these demographic covariates will always be adjusted for.
Additional covariates can then be identified from the various data dimensions, but it is first necessary to identify variables that should not be part of covariate adjustment. While it is generally recommended to include many covariates in a propensity score regression model, in specific cases researchers may exclude variables from covariate adjustment.17 (link) Surrogates for the exposure (i.e. covariates that are strong correlates of the study exposure but not associated with the outcome) will not only increase standard errors but may also increase bias—and should therefore not be included in propensity score analyses.18 ,19 (link) Bias can also occur through the inclusion of so-called “collider” variables, although this bias is generally thought to be weak.20 (link),21 (link) In our example study comparing statin initiation with glaucoma drug initiation, diagnostic codes for glaucoma should not be included in a propensity score because of their close correlation with treatment choice. 22 (link),23 At this stage of the procedure, such codes can be identified and removed from the dimension data input to the algorithm. We have developed a screening tool for such covariates as part of the algorithm that will help investigators identify and remove such covariates (eAppendix 1, http://links.lww.com).
Schneeweiss S., Rassen J.A., Glynn R.J., Avorn J., Mogun H, & Brookhart M.A. (2009). High-dimensional propensity score adjustment in studies of treatment effects using health care claims data. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 20(4), 512-522.
Publication 2009
Accidents Debility Diagnosis Glaucoma Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Patient Acceptance of Health Care Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Selection for Treatment Therapeutics
2
Comprehensive Ophthalmological Assessment Protocol for Glaucoma
Each participant underwent a complete ophthalmological examination at baseline, which included relevant medical history, blood pressure measurement, best-corrected visual acuity, slitlamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, central corneal thickness measurement, dilated funduscopy, stereoscopic ophthalmoscopy of the optic disc with a 78-diopter lens, and simultaneous stereoscopic disc photography. In addition to photography, the structure of the optic disc and nerve fiber layer was measured with a variety of imaging devices, including the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), GDx (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California), and optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec). Tests of visual function included SAP, short-wavelength automated perimetry, and frequency doubling technology perimetry. See Table 2 for details of the examinations and tests completed at each visit. We tracked all systemic and ocular procedures and medications and any concurrent conditions that might affect vision.
This examination protocol is repeated annually for patients with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and suspected glaucoma, who receive treatment and glaucoma medications at no cost at the discretion of their glaucoma specialist. Transportation is provided when needed.
All color simultaneous stereophotographs were taken using a Nidek Stereo Camera Model 3-DX (Nidek Inc, Palo Alto, California) after maximal pupil dilation. All photograph evaluations were performed using a simultaneous stereoscopic viewer (Asahi Pentax Stereo Viewer II; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan) with a standard fluorescent light bulb. Certified photograph graders evaluated all photographs. To be certified, individuals were trained and then tested on separate standardized sets of stereophotographs depicting (1) glaucomatous and healthy eyes and (2) progressing and nonprogressing eyes. Recent evidence from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) and the European Glaucoma Prevention Study indicated that reproducibility of stereophotograph assessment is good when graders have been trained using this type of formal protocol.16 (link),17 (link)
Each photograph was graded by 2 independent graders according to a standard protocol using the standard photographs as reference. Each grader was masked to the participant’s identity, diagnostic status, study, race, and other results. In cases of disagreement, a third senior grader adjudicated. All photographs were graded for quality and evidence of glaucoma damage. To assess between-grader reproducibility, 80 randomly chosen stereophotographs graded by IDEA (Imaging Data Evaluation and Analysis) Center personnel were evaluated for consensus between 2 graders; 73 of 80 (91%) were assigned the same diagnostic classification of glaucoma or healthy both times. Among the same 80 photographs, IDEA Center graders agreed on a vertical cup-disc ratio within 0.2 mm 70 of 80 times (87%). Adjudication of baseline photos was required in 31% of African descent and 28% of European descent eyes.
Sample P.A., Girkin C.A., Zangwill L.M., Jain S., Racette L., Becerra L.M., Weinreb R.N., Medeiros F.A., Wilson M.R., De León-Ortega J., Tello C., Bowd C, & Liebmann J.M. (2009). The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): Design and Baseline Data. Archives of ophthalmology, 127(9), 1136-1145.
Publication 2009
Administration, Ophthalmic Corneal Pachymetry Determination, Blood Pressure Diagnosis Europeans Examination Tables Eye Glaucoma Glaucoma, Suspect Gonioscopy High Blood Pressures Lens, Crystalline Light Medical Devices Medulla Oblongata Mydriasis Negroid Races Nerve Fibers Ocular Hypertension Ophthalmoscopy Optic Disk Patients Perimetry Pharmaceutical Preparations Retina Slit Lamp Examination Tomography Tomography, Optical Coherence Tonometry, Ocular Vision Vision Tests Visual Acuity
3
Glaucoma Diagnostic Criteria Evaluation
Participants were excluded if they had a history of intraocular surgery (except for uncomplicated cataract surgery or glaucoma surgery); secondary causes of glaucoma (eg, iridocyclitis, trauma); other systemic or ocular diseases known to affect the visual field (eg, pituitary lesions, demyelinating diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, or AIDS); significant cognitive impairment; history of stroke, Alzheimer disease, or dementia; problems other than glaucoma affecting color vision; an inability to perform visual field examinations reliably; or a life-threatening disease that precluded retention in the study. Inclusion/exclusion criteria are reevaluated annually, but changes associated with progression of glaucoma or normal aging do not exclude participants from follow-up.
Some clinicians require both visual field loss and evidence of GON for a diagnosis of glaucoma, referring to those with only 1 of these findings as having suspected glaucoma. Others may consider the presence of GON or repeatable visual field loss sufficient to diagnose glaucoma. For this reason, we present the specific criteria used (Table 1) to classify participants into study groups for purposes of reporting baseline results. Changes to these classification criteria may occur if dictated by new developments in the field or for specific analyses. Depending on the particular objective of each analysis, bias may be reduced if we use either the presence of GON based on stereophotographs or the presence of standard visual field loss to classify patient groups when evaluating the ability of visual field testing or imaging, respectively, to differentiate between healthy and glaucomatous eyes.15 (link)
Sample P.A., Girkin C.A., Zangwill L.M., Jain S., Racette L., Becerra L.M., Weinreb R.N., Medeiros F.A., Wilson M.R., De León-Ortega J., Tello C., Bowd C, & Liebmann J.M. (2009). The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): Design and Baseline Data. Archives of ophthalmology, 127(9), 1136-1145.
Publication 2009
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Alzheimer's Disease Cataract Extraction Cerebrovascular Accident Dementia Demyelinating Diseases Diagnosis Disease Progression Disorders, Cognitive Eye Glaucoma Glaucoma, Suspect HIV Iridocyclitis Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Physical Examination Retention (Psychology) Wounds and Injuries
4
Eye Care Network Retrospective Analysis
An 8-year retrospective review of all the patients who presented across the three-tier eye care network of L.V. Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) was performed from August 2010 to August 2018. The patient data were retrieved using the information captured through the in-house EMR system eyeSmart™. The study was approved by LVPEI's Institutional Review Board on 11.9.2018 with reference number of LEC 09-18-150 and adhered to the tenets of Declaration of Helsinki. A standard consent form for electronic data privacy was filled by the patient or their parents or guardians at the time of registration.
The three-tier eye care model of LVPEI includes 176 Vision Centers that provide primary care in the districts and villages of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, and Karnataka. These are linked to 18 Secondary Eye Care Centers, which are, in turn, linked to LVPEI Tertiary Centers in Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, and Bhubaneswar. LVPEI's Center of Excellence at Hyderabad is at the apex of the Eye Care Pyramid. The medical records of all patients who presented to any of these Centers during August 2010 to August 2018 were reviewed retrospectively using the eyeSmart EMR database.
In total, 2,270,584 patients were captured on the EMR system and their total consultations were 4,730,221 in this 8-year period. All the patients who were registered onto the EMR system were included in the study. The variables in the collected data include age, gender, geographical location, laterality of eye affected, and ocular diagnosis. The geographical location and country as reported by the patients at the time of registration were documented in the EMR system and were included in the study.
Each eye of the patients was diagnosed separately, and each individual diagnosis was considered cumulatively for the analysis. The LVPEI coding diagnosis developed in-house was used for the patients, which includes a comprehensive list of ocular disorders, and the ICD-11 coding was automatically mapped to the relevant diagnosis. The ocular diagnosis made were categorized into different ocular disorders, such as amblyopia, cataract, cornea, and anterior segment disorders, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology, ocular trauma, refractive error, retina, uvea, and strabismus.
The age, gender distribution, demographic details, and proportion of ocular disorders were calculated through an SQL query written to extract information from all the databases of the centers across the network during the 8-year period. The individual numbers and percentages of the parameters to be studied were calculated through the query and exported to an excel sheet for further analysis. A detailed representation of the process is provided in the supplementary material. No identifiable information of the patient was used for analytical purposes. The de-identified information was replicated into another database from where analytics were visualized using tools for the same in real time. “eyeSmart EMR” is an indigenously built EMR system at the LVPEI, India. This system was developed in-house by using open source tools such as PHP (Zend Technologies, Cupertino, CA, USA) for programming and MySQL (Oracle Corporation, Redwood City, CA, USA) for database management. The eyeSmart App was developed on the Android platform (Google LLC, Menlo Park, CA, USA). The system allows the documentation of clinical information of patients significantly in a structured format that allows analysis for research purposes, and unstructured information is also captured. The information from the database was analyzed to provide a real-time overview. All tables for age, gender, location, and diagnosis category were drawn by using Microsoft Excel.
Das A.V., Kammari P., Vadapalli R, & Basu S. (2020). Big data and the eyeSmart electronic medical record system - An 8-year experience from a three-tier eye care network in India. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 68(3), 427-432.
Publication 2020
Amblyopia Cataract Cornea Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Research Eye Disorders Eye Injuries Functional Laterality Gender Glaucoma Legal Guardians Parent Patients Primary Health Care Redwood Refractive Errors Retina Strabismus Uvea Vision
5
SICCA Registry Enrollment Criteria
The participants in the SICCA cohort have been enrolled since 2004 at five collaborating academically-based research groups, located in Argentina, China, Denmark, Japan and the United States, and directed from the University of California, San Francisco (12 (link)) (Table 1). Subsequently, additional research groups joined the SICCA project: in 2007, from the United Kingdom and in 2009, from India and two additional sites in the United States.
To be eligible for the SICCA registry, participants must be at least 21 years of age and have at least one of the following: symptoms of dry eyes or dry mouth; a previous suspicion or diagnosis of SS; elevated serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA), positive rheumatoid factor (RF), or anti-SSA/B; bilateral parotid enlargement in a clinical setting of SS; a recent increase in dental caries; or have diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus and any of the above. The rationale for these eligibility criteria is that only patients with such characteristics would be evaluated for SS or considered for enrollment in a clinical trial designed to evaluate a potential therapeutic agent for SS. Therefore our classification criteria target individuals with signs and symptoms that may be suggestive of SS, not the general population.
Participants are recruited through local or national SS patient support groups, healthcare providers, public media, and populations served by all nine SICCA research groups. Exclusion criteria include known diagnoses of: hepatitis C, HIV, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, active tuberculosis, graft versus host disease, autoimmune connective tissue diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis or lupus; past head and neck radiation treatment; current treatment with daily eye drops for glaucoma; corneal surgery in the last 5 years to correct vision; cosmetic eyelid surgery in the last 5 years; or physical or mental condition interfering with successful participation in the study. Contact lens wearers are asked to discontinue wear for 7 days before the SICCA examination. We do not exclude participants taking prescription drugs that may affect salivary or lacrimal secretion, but record their use and all other medications currently taken.
Shiboski S., Shiboski C., Criswell L., Baer A., Challacombe S., Lanfranchi H., Schiødt M., Umehara H., Vivino F., Zhao Y., Dong Y., Greenspan D., Heidenreich A., Helin P., Kirkham B., Kitagawa K., Larkin G., Li M., Lietman T., Lindegaard J., McNamara N., Sack K., Shirlaw P., Sugai S., Vollenweider C., Whitcher J., Wu A., Zhang S., Zhang W., Greenspan J, & Daniels T. (2012). American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Data-Driven, Expert Consensus Approach in the SICCA Cohort. Arthritis care & research, 64(4), 475-487.
Publication 2012
Administration, Ophthalmic Amyloidosis Antibodies, Antinuclear Connective Tissue Diseases Contact Lenses Cornea Dental Caries Diagnosis Dry Eye Eligibility Determination Eyelids Glaucoma Graft-vs-Host Disease Head Health Personnel Hepatitis C virus Hypertrophy Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Lupus Vulgaris Neck Operative Surgical Procedures Parotid Gland Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Prescription Drugs Radiotherapy Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid Factor Sarcoidosis secretion Serum Therapeutics Tuberculosis Vision Xerostomia

Most recents protocols related to «Glaucoma»

1
Bleomycin-Induced Trabecular Meshwork Senescence
Not available on PMC !

Example 8

Administration of bleomycin, a DNA damaging agent, to the anterior chamber of the mouse or rabbit eye leads to cellular senescence, as detected by the induction of p16 transcript in the trabecular meshwork.

To induce a senescent phenotype in the trabecular meshwork in vivo, C57Bl/6 mice (aged 8 to 10 weeks) were injected intracamerally with 2 μL of 0.0075 U bleomycin sulfate. In the rabbit, 30 μL of 0.0075 U bleomycin sulfate were injected intracamerally in New Zealand white rabbits. Eyes were enucleated 14 days post-bleomycin injury and TM-enriched samples were micro-dissected. To determine change in senescent cells, RNA was isolated from TM and qPCR analysis was done to assess the effect of bleomycin on p16 mRNA levels.

FIGS. 12A and 12B show elevated relative expression of p16 at 14 days after intracameral (IC) injection of bleomycin in the right (OD) eye relative to the PBS-injected left (OS) eye of the test animals. This model can also be used to assess whether a test compound is pharmacologically capable of reducing or ameliorating the increased intraocular pressure that is a hallmark of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

US11865123B2. Methods of inhibiting pathological angiogenesis (2024-01-09). Unity Biotechnology, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Pam Tsuruda [US], Jill Hopkins [US], Harry Sweigard [US], Yan Poon [US], Jamie Dananberg [US], Daniel Marquess [US], Nathaniel David [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Animal Model Animals Bleomycin Cellular Senescence Chambers, Anterior DNA, A-Form Figs Glaucoma Glaucoma, Primary Open Angle indium-bleomycin Injuries Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus New Zealand Rabbits Phenotype Rabbits RNA, Messenger Sulfate, Bleomycin Tonometry, Ocular Trabecular Meshwork
2
Teleophthalmology Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy
This retrospective medical chart review consisted of collecting data regarding diabetic patients 18 years and older who have participated in the teleophthalmology program offered throughout the state of WV between January 2017 and June 2019. The WVU institutional review board approved the study protocol. The Volk Pictor (Volk Optical, Inc., Mentor, OH, USA) nonmydriatic cameras used by trained nurses and staff acquired 45-degree fundus images from patients at various primary care and endocrinology clinic settings. In these settings, patients waited in rooms with the lights turned off to maximize pupillary dilation sans mydriatic drop administration. Staff would use the handheld fundus cameras to take photographs that were then uploaded and subsequently reviewed by retina specialists. Both eyes were photographed when possible with hopes of acquiring at least one viable image per eye. The number of attempts made was contingent on the judgment of the trained staff acquiring the images and the tolerance demonstrated by the patients being screened for repeated attempts.
Images were graded by a retina specialist at the WVU Eye Institute. These specialists included three WVU board-certified retina faculty and one vitreoretinal fellow—all patients were assigned to have their set of acquired images evaluated by one of these four specialists. Images were noted as gradable or ungradable, and the extent of DR (absent, mild, moderate, severe, or proliferative) and/or DME (absent, mild, moderate, or severe) was described in accordance to the International Classification of DR scale [24 (link)]. Care plan recommendations and suspicion of other pathologies were also noted. The results with their accompanying care plan recommendations were uploaded to the Epic electronic medical record (EMR) for the use of primary care physicians (PCPs) in their advising of diabetic patients in accordance to the American Academy of Ophthalmology’s guidelines for DR follow-up (Fig. 1). Referral recommendations were made in accordance to those proposed by the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) [25 (link)]—albeit with the decision to recommend referral for suspected DR of any severity. Recommendations could also be made on the basis of other ocular pathologies that were remarked by reviewing ophthalmologists (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, choroidal nevi, colobomas, hypertensive retinopathy, glaucomatous optic nerves). For the purpose of this study, we exclusively followed patients whose screening findings indicated suspicion for diabetic retinopathy of any severity in at least one eye.

Teleophthalmology flow chart

Schofield T., Patel A., Palko J., Ghorayeb G, & Laxson L.C. (2023). Diabetic retinopathy screenings in West Virginia: an assessment of teleophthalmology implementation. BMC Ophthalmology, 23, 93.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Choroid Coloboma Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Retinopathy Ethics Committees, Research Faculty Glaucoma Hypertensive Retinopathy Immune Tolerance Light Mentors Mydriasis Mydriatics Nevus Nurses Ophthalmologists Optic Nerve Patients Pneumocystosis Primary Care Physicians Primary Health Care Retina Specialists System, Endocrine Vision
3
Ocular Changes in Parkinson's Disease
Participants were recruited from the movement disorder clinic of the Samsung Medical Center. The Institutional Review Board of Samsung Medical Center approved this study, and all subjects provided written informed consent. Patients were enrolled if they were diagnosed with PD based on the United Kingdom Brain Bank Criteria for PD38 (link). Patients with any of the following conditions were excluded: any neurologic disorder other than PD, systemic vasculitis, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, end-stage renal disease, peripheral nervous system autonomic failure (diabetic neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, amyloid neuropathy, surgical sympathectomy, and pheochromocytoma, etc.), ocular pathology that could affect OCTA measurements (glaucoma, a refractive error >+6.0 diopters of spherical equivalent or <−6.0 diopters of spherical equivalent, astigmatism ≥ 3.0 diopters, epiretinal membrane, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal artery/vein occlusion, or optic neuropathy) or previous retinal surgery. Exact age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. The healthy controls were required to have normal visual acuity, normal intraocular pressure ≤21 mm Hg, and normal optic discs. The same exclusion criteria were applied to healthy controls and PD patients. Demographic and clinical data, including age, sex, and comorbid vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia), were collected for all enrolled participants. The UPDRS III39 (link), H&Y scale40 (link), LEDD41 (link), and MoCA42 (link) were investigated in all enrolled PD patients.
Ahn J.H., Kang M.C., Lee D., Cho J.W., Park K.A, & Youn J. (2023). Central retinal microvasculature damage is associated with orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Parkinson's Disease, 9, 36.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Amyloid Neuropathies Arteries Astigmatism Blood Vessel Brain Cardiovascular Diseases Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Neuropathies Diabetic Retinopathy Dyslipidemias Epiretinal Membrane Ethics Committees, Research Eye Glaucoma Guillain-Barre Syndrome High Blood Pressures Hypertensive Retinopathy Kidney Failure, Chronic Movement Disorders Musculoskeletal Diseases Nervous System Disorder Neural-Optical Lesion Operative Surgical Procedures Optic Disk Patients Peripheral Nervous System Pheochromocytoma Pure Autonomic Failure Refractive Errors Retina Retinal Artery Occlusion Retinal Vein Occlusion Sympathectomy Tonometry, Ocular Veins Visual Acuity
4
Optimized Macular Vasculature Analysis
After all OCT-A scans were manually checked for artefacts, shadows and correct segmentation, macula data was exported from the clinical database and then imported into the prototype SP-X1902 software (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The Anatomic Positioning System function (APS, part of Glaucoma Module Premium Edition [GMPE], Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) allows each scan to be aligned to the patient´s individual Fovea to Bruch’s Membrane Opening (FoBMOC) axis for better intra- and interindividual scan comparability. Integration of APS information was also implemented into the Erlangen Angio-Tool (EA-Tool) version 2.0, coded in Matlab (The MathWorks, Inc., R2017b). In addition to the APS information, the macular en face OCT-A images of SVP, ICP and DCP were imported into the EA-Tool and analyzed separately for each scan. Overall and sectorial macula VD (12 sectors s1-s12 á 30°) were analyzed for SVP, ICP and DCP, respectively. The analyzed region of the scan size was 6.10 mm2.
Müller M., Schottenhamml J., Hosari S., Hohberger B, & Mardin C.Y. (2023). APSified OCT-angiography analysis: Macula vessel density in healthy eyes during office hours. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282827.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Bruch Membrane Epistropheus Face Glaucoma Macula Lutea Patients Radionuclide Imaging
5
Healthy Adult Intraocular Pressure Protocol
All potential studies required measurement of IOP to be made with the Tono-Pen XL (TP) or Tono-Pen AVIA (TP) applanation tonometers and the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), in the same subject, in a single session, with the subject sitting in an upright position, in accordance with standardized measurement instructions provided by each instruments’ manufacturer. All IOP measurements were required to be reported in mm Hg. Summary statistics which contained the means and standard deviations of TP and GAT IOP measurements were required, for each primary study.
All primary studies were required to report the number of individuals participating, the number of eyes included in the statistical summaries, whether only 1 eye or 2 eyes were reported for each subject, the mean age of subjects (all subjects must have been 17 years of age or older), the country in which the study was completed, and the setting in which the IOP measurements were made (hospital, out-patient clinic, clinician’s office, research laboratory).
All primary studies were required to provide a clear statement, that all subjects reported in the “healthy” or “control” groups were free from eye pathologies, for example, glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, ocular hypertension, corneal edema, inflammation, which would potentially effect IOP measurements. Eye health was assessed by patient history in combination with ophthalmological examination. Primary studies were not required to investigate IOP in healthy adult, as the study’s primary research objective; only that IOP measurements and associated required information could be extracted from the primary study.
In the event mean CCT and associated standard deviations from the means were reported in the primary study, in addition to TP and GAT IOP, this information was recorded and included in the database for descriptive purposes and subsequent secondary analyses. CCT measurements were not required for primary study inclusion in the meta-analysis of IOP.
All primary studies were required to provide a clear statement, the study had been preapproved by the facility’s Institutional Review Board or local Ethics Committee and conducted in accordance with the tenets of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki-Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.
, & Keller W.J. (2023). International comparisons of intraocular pressures, as measured by Tono-Pen and Goldmann applanation tonometry, in healthy adults: A meta-analysis. Medicine, 102(10), e33078.
Publication 2023
Adult Edema, Corneal Ethics Committees, Research Glaucoma Glaucoma, Suspect Inflammation Ocular Hypertension Outpatients Patients Regional Ethics Committees

Top products related to «Glaucoma»

1
Humphrey field analyzer by Zeiss
Sourced in United States, Germany, Ireland, Japan
The Humphrey Field Analyzer is a diagnostic instrument used to measure and assess visual field function. It provides accurate and detailed information about a patient's peripheral and central vision. The device uses automated perimetry techniques to evaluate the sensitivity of the visual field, allowing for the detection and monitoring of various eye conditions.
2
Humphrey field analyzer 2 by Zeiss
Sourced in United States, Germany, Ireland
The Humphrey Field Analyzer II is a diagnostic instrument used to measure and assess visual field function. It provides detailed information about a patient's peripheral vision and can help detect and monitor various eye conditions, such as glaucoma, retinal diseases, and neurological disorders affecting the visual system.
3
Iol master by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany, United States, Ireland, Japan, United Kingdom, Lao People's Democratic Republic
The IOL Master is a non-contact optical biometry device used to measure various parameters of the eye, including axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature. It provides precise measurements that are essential for calculating the appropriate intraocular lens power for cataract surgery.
4
Sas version 9 by SAS Institute
Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Cameroon, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, Israel, Denmark, Australia, New Caledonia, France, Argentina, Sweden, Ireland, India
SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.
5
Cirrus hd oct by Zeiss
Sourced in United States, Germany, Ireland, Japan
The Cirrus HD-OCT is a diagnostic imaging device developed by Zeiss. It utilizes optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology to capture high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the eye's internal structures, including the retina, optic nerve, and anterior segment. The device provides detailed visualization of these structures, enabling healthcare professionals to assess and monitor various ocular conditions.
6
Sas 9 by SAS Institute
Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Belgium, United Kingdom, Cameroon, China, Denmark, Canada, Israel, New Caledonia, Germany, Poland, India, France, Ireland, Australia
SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.
7
Spectralis oct by Heidelberg Engineering
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Japan
The Spectralis OCT is a high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system designed for clinical use. It provides detailed, cross-sectional images of the eye's internal structures, enabling healthcare professionals to diagnose and monitor a variety of ocular conditions.
8
Humphrey field analyzer hfa by Zeiss
Sourced in Ireland, United States, Germany
The Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) is a diagnostic tool used to measure and assess visual field function. It is designed to objectively evaluate the sensitivity of the eye's peripheral vision. The HFA utilizes a standardized testing procedure to provide accurate and reproducible measurements of the visual field.
9
Spectralis hra oct by Heidelberg Engineering
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, United Kingdom
The Spectralis HRA+OCT is a multimodal imaging device that combines high-resolution fundus imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology. It allows for the simultaneous acquisition of detailed images of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve.
10
Spectralis by Heidelberg Engineering
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Switzerland, Ireland
The Spectralis is an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging device developed by Heidelberg Engineering. It captures high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and optic nerve using near-infrared light. The Spectralis provides detailed structural information about the eye, which can aid in the diagnosis and management of various eye conditions.

More about "Glaucoma"

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness if left untreated.
It is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide.
Early detection and proper management, such as through the use of diagnostic tools like the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), Humphrey Field Analyzer II, IOL Master, Cirrus HD-OCT, Spectralis OCT, and Spectralis HRA+OCT, are crucial for preserving vision.
Glaucoma can be primary or secondary, with various subtypes based on the underlying cause and anatomical features.
Symptoms may include gradual vision loss, halos around lights, and eye pain.
Risk factors include age, family history, and certain medical conditions like diabetes.
Treatment options include eye drops, laser therapy, and surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve.
Ongoing research, aided by statistical analysis software like SAS version 9.4, aims to improve early diagnosis, treatment efficacy, and patient outcomes.
By understanding the complexities of glaucoma and leveraging advanced diagnostic and analytical tools, healthcare professionals can provide more effective care and improve the lives of those affected by this debilitating eye condition.