The following maternal variables were defined based on a standard maternal questionnaire interview: Race/ethnicity was based on maternal response to fixed categories in the questionnaire, and classified as Black, Hispanic, White, or other. The race/ethnicity was treated as a confounder due to a well-observed racial disparity in preterm births and diabetes (Black populations have higher rates of preterm birth and diabetes in the U.S.).1 ,14 (link) Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m2), based on pre-pregnancy height and weight.15 (link) Maternal smoking during pregnancy was classified into 3 groups: never smoker (did not smoke cigarettes throughout index pregnancy), quitter (only smoked in the 3 months before pregnancy or during the first trimester), or continuous smoker (smoked continuously from prepregnancy to delivery).13 (link) Perceived stress during pregnancy was defined based on the responses to the following question: “How would you characterize the amount of stress in your life during pregnancy?” Answers of “not stressful” and “average stressful” were coded as low stress, and “very stressful” was coded as high stress.16 (link)The following maternal variables were defined based on maternal medical records: Maternal diabetes was defined as having either gestational or pre-gestational diabetes;17 (link) hypertensive disorders included one or more of the following during pregnancy: preeclampsia, eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets).16 (link) Mode of delivery was categorized into caesarean section or vaginal delivery.
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Disease or Syndrome
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HELLP Syndrome
HELLP Syndrome
HELLP Syndrome is a serious condition that can occur during pregnancy, characterized by Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count.
It is a life-threatening complication that requires prompt medical attention.
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It is a life-threatening complication that requires prompt medical attention.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-driven platform that can help revolutionize your HELLP Syndrome research by locating and optimizing the best treatment protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
Its advanced comparison tools use machine learning to identify the most effective treatments and products, saving you time and effort.
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Most cited protocols related to «HELLP Syndrome»
Blood Platelets
Cesarean Section
Diabetes Mellitus
Eclampsia
Enzymes
Ethnicity
Gestational Diabetes
HELLP Syndrome
Hemolysis
High Blood Pressures
Hispanics
Index, Body Mass
Liver
Mothers
Negroes
Obstetric Delivery
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Premature Birth
Vagina
To obtain a comprehensive set of NAFLD GWAS summary statistics, we performed a GWAS meta-analysis of four cohorts: The Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE)50 (link) network, the UK Biobank, the Estonian Biobank and FinnGen. The NAFLD GWAS in the eMERGE network has previously been published. The study sample included 1106 NAFLD cases and 8571 controls participants of European ancestry. Of them, 396 NAFLD cases and 846 controls participants (47% males) were derived from a pediatric population and 710 NAFLD cases and 7725 controls participants (42% males) were derived from an adult population. NAFLD was defined by the use of EHR codes (ICD9: 571.5, ICD9: 571.8, ICD9: 571.9, ICD10: K75.81, ICD10: K76.0 and ICD10: K76.9. Exclusion criteria included, but were not limited to alcohol dependence, alcoholic liver disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Alagille syndrome, liver transplant, cystic fibrosis, hepatitis, abetalipoproteinemia, LCAT deficiency, lipodystrophy, disorders of copper metabolism Reye’s syndrome, inborn errors of metabolism, HELLP syndrome, starvation and acute fatty liver (as suggested by the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease [AASLD]). We performed a new GWAS for NAFLD in the UK Biobank (data application number 25205). NAFLD diagnosis was established from hospital records (ICD10: K74.0 and K74.2 (hepatic fibrosis), K75.8 (NASH), K76.0 (NAFLD) and ICD10: K76.9 (other specified diseases of the liver). Exclusion criteria were the same as those used in the eMERGE study. In the UK Biobank analysis, we included 2558 NAFLD cases and 395,241 controls. We also performed a GWAS for NAFLD in the Estonian Biobank. This study and the use of data from 4119 cases and 190,120 controls was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu (Approval number 288/M-18). We used the same case definition and inclusion/exclusion criteria as in the UK Biobank. In the FinnGen data freeze 4 (November 30, 2020), 651 patients had a NAFLD diagnosis (EHR code K76.0). They were compared to 176,248 controls. The Mass General Brigham Biobank is a hospital-based biorepository with genetic data linked to clinical records as previously described.51 Patients were defined as having NAFLD or NASH according to diagnosis codes in the electronic health care record and were compared to controls without such diagnoses.
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Abetalipoproteinemia
Adult
Alagille Syndrome
Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Copper
Cystic Fibrosis
Diagnosis
Ethics Committees, Research
Europeans
Fatty Liver
Fibrosis, Liver
Freezing
Genome-Wide Association Study
HELLP Syndrome
Hepatitis
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency
Lipodystrophy
Liver Diseases
Liver Transplantations
Males
Metabolic Diseases
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Patients
Reye Syndrome
Among the final sample (n = 1413) information on maternal weight at the time of birth was missing in 8.6% (n = 122), and information on height in 11.0% (n = 156) of women. We assumed that missing data had occurred at random, i.e., that missings were not influenced by unobserved data. We applied imputation procedures using the average of five iterations with IVEware [21 ]. Imputation of maternal height was based on migration status and age; imputations of maternal weight were based on migration status, age, and height. Results of an analysis without imputed data do not differ substantially from the results given in Table 1 and Table 2 (see appendix , Table 4 and Table 5 ).
Characteristics of the selected subsample of women, by migration status
| Turkish origin | Lebanese origin | Non-immigrants | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 133 | 72 | 1208 |
| Age in years *** 1) | |||
| Median (range) | 25 (18–45) | 24 (18–41) | 30 (18–44) |
| Highest educational level (%) *** 2) | |||
| No qualification/primary school | 36 (27.1%) | 14 (19.4%) | 28 (2.3%) |
| Secondary school | 72 (54.1%) | 34 (47.2%) | 530 (43.9%) |
| University / technical collage / vocational school / a-level vocational diploma | 25 (18.8%) | 24 (33.3%) | 650 (53.8%) |
| Body Mass Index at admission (%) n.s. 2) | |||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | 17 (12.8%) | 17 (23.6%) | 235 (19.5%) |
| BMI < 30 kg/m2 | 66 (49.6%) | 28 (38.9%) | 546 (45.2%) |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 50 (37.6%) | 27 (37.5%) | 427 (35.4%) |
| Oxytocic agent n.s. 2) | |||
| Yes (%) | 74 (55.6%) | 33 (45.8%) | 611 (50.6%) |
| Cervical dilatation * 2) | |||
| Median (range) in cm | 2 (0–8) | 2 (0–10) | 2 (0–10) |
| Active phase of labor (≥4 cm) in % | 21 (15.8%) | 19 (26.4%) | 315 (26.1%) |
| Delivery mode (%) ** 2) | |||
| Normal vaginal delivery | 75 (56.4%) | 52 (72.2%) | 685 (56.7%) |
| Vacuum extraction / forceps | 37 (27.8%) | 10 (13.9%) | 234 (19.4%) |
| Emergency cesarean delivery | 21 (15.8%) | 10 (13.9%) | 289 (23.9%) |
| Obstetric complications | All participants (1403) | ||
| HELLP-Syndrome | 6 (0.4%) | ||
| Eclampsia | 0 | ||
| Hemorrhage > 1000 ml | 23 (1.6%) | ||
| Sepsis | 0 | ||
| Cardiovascular complications | 0 | ||
| Uterine rupture | < 5 ** | ||
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
1) Kruskal-Wallis test
2) Chi-square test
** no detailed data due to data protection
Indications for cesarean delivery
| Rank | Turkish origin | N (%) | Lebanese origin | N (%) | Non-immigrant women | N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pathological CTG or auscultatory bad fetal heart tones | 40 (30.1) | Pathological CTG or auscultatory bad fetal heart tones | 17 (23.6) | Pathological CTG or auscultatory bad fetal heart tones | 317 (26.8) |
| 2 | Protracted labor/obstructed labor in the expulsion stage | 18 (13.5) | Green amniotic fluid | 5 (6.9) | Protracted labor/obstructed labor in the expulsion stage | 148 (12.3) |
| 3 | Protracted labor/obstructed labor in the dilation stage | 9 (6.8) | Chorioamnionitis syndrome | 4 (6.0) | Protracted labor/obstructed labor in the dilation stage | 72 (6.6) |
| 4 | Chorioamnionitis syndrome | 6 (4.5) | Protracted labor/obstructed labor in the dilation stage | 4 (6.0) | Green amniotic fluid | 43 (3.6) |
| 5 | Green amniotic fluid | 3 (2.3) | Protracted labor/obstructed labor in the expulsion stage | 4 (6.0) | Absolute or relative imbalance between child‘s head and mother‘s pelvis | 29 (2.4) |
Category “other birth risks” was not considered
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Amnion
Auscultation
Birth
Cardiovascular System
Care, Prenatal
Child
Chorioamnionitis
Dilatations, Cervical
Emergencies
Fetal Heart
Head
Heart Auscultation
HELLP Syndrome
Hemorrhage
Immigrants
Index, Body Mass
Mothers
Obstetric Delivery
Obstetric Labor
Oxytocics
Pathological Dilatation
Uterine Rupture
Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical
Vagina
Woman
Birth
Birth Weight
Blood Platelets
Blood Vessel
Chorioamnionitis
Congenital Abnormality
Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis
Eclampsia
Enzymes
Fetal Blood
Fetus
Gestational Age
HELLP Syndrome
Hemolysis
High Blood Pressures
Inflammation
Liver
Mothers
Obesity
Pathologists
Placenta
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Pregnancy, Prolonged
Pressure, Diastolic
Proteins
Seizures
Systolic Pressure
Term Birth
Umbilical Cord
Veins
Woman
We used commonly used definitions for maternal age, marital status, and education.29 (link) We classified maternal complications into mutually exclusive categories of direct obstetric complications and medical diseases. Direct obstetric complications included uterine rupture, placenta praevia, abruptio placentae, unspecified antepartum haemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, or any fetal malpresentation (breech, shoulder, or other). Medical diseases included heart disease, embolism/thrombophlebitis, hepatic disease, severe anaemia (haemoglobin <70 g/L), renal disease (including urinary tract infection), lung disease (including upper respiratory tract infection), HIV/AIDS, connective tissue disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, and cancer.
We categorised women into risk groups for caesarean section using a modified version of the Robson classification.31 (link)
32 (link) Because there is no agreement on the optimal caesarean section rate in the population, and indications for caesarean sections are not standardised, Robson proposed a system that classifies women into 10 groups based on their obstetric characteristics (parity, previous caesarean section, gestational age, onset of labour, fetal presentation, and number of fetuses).31 (link) The size of each group and the caesarean section rate within each group correspond to an expected range. Monitoring caesarean sections within the Robson groups therefore allows the evaluation of clinical practice, including whether the caesarean section rate is justified. We adapted Robson’s classification because the NMNMSS did not collect information on whether or not the labour was induced. We created eight mutually exclusive categories: nulliparous, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks’ gestation; multiparous, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks’ gestation without a uterine scar; uterine scar, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks’ gestation; all nulliparous women with a singleton breech; all multiparous women with a singleton breech, including those with a uterine scar; all multiple pregnancies, including those with uterine scar; all women with a single pregnancy in other abnormal lie, including those with uterine scar; and all singleton, cephalic, ≤36 weeks’ gestation pregnancies, including those with uterine scar.
For the institutional data we calculated the number of obstetricians per 1000 births using the number of births reported in the NMNMSS in 2015. We also report the region in which the hospital is located, using China’s standard definitions for region (western, central, and eastern).33 We extracted the day of the week from the date of delivery.
We report the number of perinatal deaths (stillbirths and early neonatal deaths within seven days of delivery before discharge), pregnancy related deaths, and uterine rupture. Stillbirths were defined as reported previously.29 (link) Pregnancy related deaths were defined as deaths from any cause in women who died after 28 completed weeks of gestation or with a fetus of birth weight 1000 g or higher (including women who died undelivered). Uterine rupture was defined as uterine or lower uterine dehiscence in late pregnancy or during childbirth, including complete and incomplete rupture.34
We categorised women into risk groups for caesarean section using a modified version of the Robson classification.31 (link)
32 (link) Because there is no agreement on the optimal caesarean section rate in the population, and indications for caesarean sections are not standardised, Robson proposed a system that classifies women into 10 groups based on their obstetric characteristics (parity, previous caesarean section, gestational age, onset of labour, fetal presentation, and number of fetuses).31 (link) The size of each group and the caesarean section rate within each group correspond to an expected range. Monitoring caesarean sections within the Robson groups therefore allows the evaluation of clinical practice, including whether the caesarean section rate is justified. We adapted Robson’s classification because the NMNMSS did not collect information on whether or not the labour was induced. We created eight mutually exclusive categories: nulliparous, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks’ gestation; multiparous, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks’ gestation without a uterine scar; uterine scar, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks’ gestation; all nulliparous women with a singleton breech; all multiparous women with a singleton breech, including those with a uterine scar; all multiple pregnancies, including those with uterine scar; all women with a single pregnancy in other abnormal lie, including those with uterine scar; and all singleton, cephalic, ≤36 weeks’ gestation pregnancies, including those with uterine scar.
For the institutional data we calculated the number of obstetricians per 1000 births using the number of births reported in the NMNMSS in 2015. We also report the region in which the hospital is located, using China’s standard definitions for region (western, central, and eastern).33 We extracted the day of the week from the date of delivery.
We report the number of perinatal deaths (stillbirths and early neonatal deaths within seven days of delivery before discharge), pregnancy related deaths, and uterine rupture. Stillbirths were defined as reported previously.29 (link) Pregnancy related deaths were defined as deaths from any cause in women who died after 28 completed weeks of gestation or with a fetus of birth weight 1000 g or higher (including women who died undelivered). Uterine rupture was defined as uterine or lower uterine dehiscence in late pregnancy or during childbirth, including complete and incomplete rupture.34
Abruptio Placentae
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Anemia
Birth
Birth Weight
Cesarean Section
chrysarobin
Cicatrix
Connective Tissue Diseases
Eclampsia
Embolism
Fetus
Gestational Age
Gestational Diabetes
Heart Diseases
HELLP Syndrome
Hemorrhage
Kidney Diseases
Liver Diseases
Lung Diseases
Malignant Neoplasms
Mothers
Obstetric Delivery
Obstetrician
Patient Discharge
Placenta Previa
Population at Risk
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Shoulder
Thrombophlebitis
Upper Respiratory Infections
Urinary Tract Infection
Uterine Rupture
Uterus
Woman
Most recents protocols related to «HELLP Syndrome»
A case-control study was conducted at Saad Abuelela Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, from June to December 2020. The cases were 60 pregnant women who presented with preeclampsia and have no history of pre-existing hypertension. Preeclampsia was defined as per the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists criteria (ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, 2020 (link)): pregnant women with onset of new hypertension (an average blood pressure reading of ≥140/90 mmHg taken on two occasions at least six hours apart) with proteinuria (≥ 300 mg/24 h) or features of end organ dysfunction in a previously normotensive woman. Preeclampsia was classified as severe in women with an average blood pressure reading of ≥ 160/110 mmHg on two occasions or HELLP syndrome, which includes haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count; otherwise, preeclampsia was considered mild (ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, 2020 (link)). The condition was also categorised as early presentation or late-onset preeclampsia, before and after 34 weeks, respectively (Tranquilli et al., 2013 (link)). Sixty healthy pregnant women without any systemic disease, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease or thyroid disease, served as a control for each preeclampsia case. Women with multiple pregnancies, diabetic women, smokers and women with fetuses who had major anomalies or died were excluded from both groups in the study.
After signing informed consent, the women were asked about their sociodemographic, obstetrics and clinical data, including age, parity, educational level, residence of antenatal attendance and history of miscarriage and preeclampsia/hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from the measured weight and height.
Then, 5 mL of blood was collected from each subject at the diagnosis and separated into two equal aliquots for blood and serum analysis. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a modern haematology analyser (Sysmex KX21n, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The blood was then centrifuged and stored at −20°C until the assay of these elements. Serum ferritin was determined using the ferritin chemiluminescent immunoassay sandwich method [TOSOH instrument (AIA360), Japan]. Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured using a colorimetric assay (Roche Diagnostics, Germany Cobas 311). Serum hepcidin and IL-6 concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany).
The sample included 60 women in each group (ratio of 1:1) and was calculated using mean difference of 5 in the iron levels between the women who had preeclampsia and the healthy controls as reported before (Duvan et al., 2015 (link)). The sample size was used to achieve 80% power and a precision of 5%. It was assumed that 10% of the women would not respond or would provide incomplete data.
After signing informed consent, the women were asked about their sociodemographic, obstetrics and clinical data, including age, parity, educational level, residence of antenatal attendance and history of miscarriage and preeclampsia/hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from the measured weight and height.
Then, 5 mL of blood was collected from each subject at the diagnosis and separated into two equal aliquots for blood and serum analysis. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a modern haematology analyser (Sysmex KX21n, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The blood was then centrifuged and stored at −20°C until the assay of these elements. Serum ferritin was determined using the ferritin chemiluminescent immunoassay sandwich method [TOSOH instrument (AIA360), Japan]. Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured using a colorimetric assay (Roche Diagnostics, Germany Cobas 311). Serum hepcidin and IL-6 concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany).
The sample included 60 women in each group (ratio of 1:1) and was calculated using mean difference of 5 in the iron levels between the women who had preeclampsia and the healthy controls as reported before (Duvan et al., 2015 (link)). The sample size was used to achieve 80% power and a precision of 5%. It was assumed that 10% of the women would not respond or would provide incomplete data.
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Biological Assay
BLOOD
Blood Pressure
Colorimetry
Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Enzymes
Ferritin
Fetus
Gynecologist
HELLP Syndrome
Hemoglobin
Hemolysis
Hepcidin
High Blood Pressures
Immunoassay
Index, Body Mass
Iron
Kidney Diseases
Liver
Obstetrician
Platelet Counts, Blood
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women
Prehypertension
Serum
Spontaneous Abortion
Thyroid Diseases
Woman
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Approved No. 2020-146-01). Written informed consents for participating this study were obtained from all participants. The authors affirm that human research participants provided written informed consent for publication of the potentially identifiable medical data included in this article. Participants didn’t receive cash remuneration. ICP was diagnosed according to the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy from China with the following criteria: unexplainable pruritus; elevated serum bile acids (≥10 μmol/L); no identifiable cause for liver dysfunction; resolution of symptoms and laboratory values postpartum. Exclusion criteria were as follows: preeclampsia, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, active viral hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis; patients receiving any antibiotic or probiotics treatment within 1 months; patients with other pregnant complications such as pregnancy diabetes and hypertensive disorders. All pregnant women with ICP were first-visit patients and did not receive any treatment. 50 individuals with ICP and 41 age, BMI and offspring gender matched healthy pregnant women were recruited from Chongqing and Guangdong province of China. There were 30 mild (TBA range 10–39.9 μmol/L) and 20 severe (TBA ≥ 40 μmol/L) ICP patients included. All the characteristics were summarized in Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 .
Age, height, body weight, gestation week, birth weight and Apgar score were recorded, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The gestational weeks were strictly matched within 1 week to reduce the impact of gestational week on gut microbiota. Fecal and blood samples were collected after fasting at least 8 h. Fecal samples were stored at −80 °C immediately until further processed. Biochemical parameters were detected by autoanalyzer.
Age, height, body weight, gestation week, birth weight and Apgar score were recorded, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The gestational weeks were strictly matched within 1 week to reduce the impact of gestational week on gut microbiota. Fecal and blood samples were collected after fasting at least 8 h. Fecal samples were stored at −80 °C immediately until further processed. Biochemical parameters were detected by autoanalyzer.
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Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Antibiotics
Apgar Score
Bile Acids
Birth Weight
BLOOD
Blood Platelets
Body Weight
Diagnosis
Ethics Committees, Clinical
Feces
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gender
HELLP Syndrome
Hepatitis Viruses
High Blood Pressures
Homo sapiens
Index, Body Mass
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Patients
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Pregnancy in Diabetics
Pregnant Women
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Probiotics
Pruritus
Serum
In the Danish Medical Birth Registry we identified all mothers of the children included in the study. Preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP-syndrome in the mother was identified based on DNPR and the following ICD-10 codes: DO11, DO14, DO140, DO141, DO142, DO149, DO15, DO151, DO152, DO159. To ensure correct linkage of mother and the child included in the study the diagnoses of preeclampsia, eclampsia or HELLP-syndrome had to be given maximum 200 days before or 60 days after birth of the child in question. Based on the diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP-syndrome the fetus had to be 20 weeks of gestation or more at the time of diagnosis (23 ).
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Child
Childbirth
Diagnosis
Eclampsia
Fetus
HELLP Syndrome
Mothers
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Data were collected by two trained data collectors from the medical record, including prospectively collected baseline, obstetrics, and perioperative data of all mothers in the study hospital using a standardized checklist adapted from previous studies. A pre-test was performed on 5% of the sample size outside the study area.
Based on previous literature and clinical plausibility, we included a standardized set of information comprising pre-pregnancy information and clinical data on pregnancy-acquired and perioperative periods. The pre-pregnancy characteristics included maternal age, residency area, ANC visits, BMI, co-existing disease, and parity. Pregnancy-acquired characteristics included a previous history of abortion and abnormal uterine bleeding, current singleton or twin pregnancy, previous history of CD, prepartum anemia (< 11 g/dL), severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, antepartum hemorrhage, induction/augmentation, and prolonged labor and perioperative data included types of CS, incision, types of anesthesia, birth weight, blood transfusion, and hemoglobin change. Hemoglobin difference was calculated by using hemoglobin values obtained during labor or within 24 h before CS and the postoperative period.
Based on previous literature and clinical plausibility, we included a standardized set of information comprising pre-pregnancy information and clinical data on pregnancy-acquired and perioperative periods. The pre-pregnancy characteristics included maternal age, residency area, ANC visits, BMI, co-existing disease, and parity. Pregnancy-acquired characteristics included a previous history of abortion and abnormal uterine bleeding, current singleton or twin pregnancy, previous history of CD, prepartum anemia (< 11 g/dL), severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, antepartum hemorrhage, induction/augmentation, and prolonged labor and perioperative data included types of CS, incision, types of anesthesia, birth weight, blood transfusion, and hemoglobin change. Hemoglobin difference was calculated by using hemoglobin values obtained during labor or within 24 h before CS and the postoperative period.
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Anemia
Anesthesia
Birth Weight
Blood Transfusion
Eclampsia
HELLP Syndrome
Hemoglobin
Hemorrhage
Mothers
Obstetric Labor
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Residency
In order to evaluate the predictive performance of ML models about adverse pregnancy outcomes, we grouped the women as following: (1) Adverse Group (n = 22): individuals associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; (2) Positive Group (n = 29): individuals associated with satisfactory pregnancy outcomes (having no adverse outcomes).
Adverse pregnancy outcomes including one or more of the following: (1) fetal death after 13 weeks’ gestation excluded chromosomal abnormalities, anatomical malformation, or congenital infection [11 (link)]; (2) early neonatal death (death before 8 days of age) due to complications of prematurity and/or placental insufficiency [12 (link)]; (3) preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks due to gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, placental insufficiency, placenta abruption or premature rupture of membranes [12 (link)]; (4) SGA neonate (<10th percentile) [12 (link)]; (5) fetal distress which was certified by pathological type observed in the cardiotocography [13 (link)]; (6) the SLE pregnancy disease activity index (SLEPDAI) was more than 4 [14 (link)].
Adverse pregnancy outcomes including one or more of the following: (1) fetal death after 13 weeks’ gestation excluded chromosomal abnormalities, anatomical malformation, or congenital infection [11 (link)]; (2) early neonatal death (death before 8 days of age) due to complications of prematurity and/or placental insufficiency [12 (link)]; (3) preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks due to gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, placental insufficiency, placenta abruption or premature rupture of membranes [12 (link)]; (4) SGA neonate (<10th percentile) [12 (link)]; (5) fetal distress which was certified by pathological type observed in the cardiotocography [13 (link)]; (6) the SLE pregnancy disease activity index (SLEPDAI) was more than 4 [14 (link)].
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Abruptio Placentae
Cardiotocography
Chromosome Aberrations
Congenital Abnormality
Fetal Death
Fetal Distress
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture
HELLP Syndrome
Infant, Newborn
Infection
Placental Insufficiency
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Premature Birth
Transient Hypertension, Pregnancy
Woman
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STATA version 10 is a statistical software package developed by StataCorp. It is designed for data analysis, data management, and statistical modeling. STATA version 10 provides a wide range of tools and features for data manipulation, visualization, and regression analysis.
More about "HELLP Syndrome"
HELLP Syndrome, preeclampsia, eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count, SFlt-1, SPSS 20.0, GraphPad Prism 7, Imager A2 light microscope, XE-5000, SEndoglin, DNase, STATA version 10, PubCompare.ai