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Jaundice, Obstructive

Jaundice, Obstructive is a condition characterized by the buildup of bilirubin in the body, resulting in a yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes.
This type of jaundice is caused by an obstruction in the bile ducts, preventing the proper drainage of bile.
Symptoms may include abdominal pain, dark urine, and light-colored stools.
Diagnosis typically involves blood tests and imaging studies.
Treatment aims to identify and address the underlying cause of the obstruction, which could be a gallstone, tumor, or other condition.
Prompt diagnosis and management are important to prevent complications such as infection or liver damage.
PubCompare.ai can help optimize research on Jaundice, Obstructuve by locating protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identifiy the best protocols and products, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.

Most cited protocols related to «Jaundice, Obstructive»

Study 116 is an ongoing phase Ib multicenter open-label study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with uHCC. The study consists of 2 phases: a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) phase and an expansion phase. Patients received lenvatinib 12 mg (if bodyweight ≥ 60 kg) or 8 mg (if bodyweight < 60 kg) orally once daily and pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously on day 1 of a 21-day treatment cycle (for up to 2 years after cycle 1 day 1). If no DLTs were reported in the DLT phase, the expansion phase would be initiated using the recommended dose from the DLT phase. Treatment was continued until disease progression, development of unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. Additional details regarding continued pembrolizumab treatment are provided in the Appendix (online only).
Key inclusion criteria comprised the following: histologically or cytologically confirmed HCC (excluding fibrolamellar, sarcomatoid, and mixed cholangio-HCC tumors) or clinically confirmed HCC according to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases criteria; stage B (not suitable for transarterial chemoembolization) or C categorization based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system; at least 1 measurable target lesion according to mRECIST per investigator assessment; Child-Pugh class A (score, 5-6); and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0 or 1. Patients were excluded if they had clear invasion of the bile duct (classified clinically as a cholestatic type of HCC in which a patient’s initial manifestation is obstructive jaundice resulting from tumor thrombosis/compression/diffuse infiltration into the biliary tract); portal vein invasion with Vp426 (link); prior blood-enhancing treatment (including blood transfusion, blood products, or agents that stimulate blood cell production [eg, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]) within 28 days before first dose of study drugs; prior treatment with lenvatinib or any anti–PD-1, anti–PD-L1, or anti–PD-L2 agent; and imaging findings with HCC having ≥ 50% liver occupation. Additionally, patients were excluded from the expansion phase if they had received prior systemic therapy for uHCC.
Written informed consent was provided by all patients before undergoing any study-specific procedures. The study protocol was approved by the relevant institutional review boards/independent ethics committees, and the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines.
Publication 2020
BLOOD Blood Cells Blood Transfusion Body Weight CD274 protein, human Child Cholestasis Disease Progression Duct, Bile Ethics Committees, Research Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Jaundice, Obstructive lenvatinib Liver Liver Function Tests Mixed Salivary Gland Tumor Neoplasms Patients pembrolizumab Portal System Sarcoma System, Biliary Therapeutics Thrombosis Veins, Portal

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Publication 2016
Animals Animals, Laboratory Buprenorphine General Anesthesia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane Jaundice, Obstructive Males Management, Pain Meloxicam Mice, House Operative Surgical Procedures Physical Examination
A total of 445 patients who were diagnosed as HBV-ACLF from January 2005 to February 2014 were included in this research. The minimum follow-up period for enrolled patients was 30-day after diagnosis. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was according to a composite of clinical signs and findings provided through laboratory test results, radiologic imaging, endoscopy and liver biopsy.
The entry criteria comprised the following:HBV-ACLF is defined as ACLF with previously diagnosed or undiagnosed HBV. All enrolled patients met the criteria for ACLF from the consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) [33 (link)]. All treatments were performed based on the criteria of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for ACLF adopted by the Chinese Medical Association [34 (link)].
The exclusion criteria were the following: other factors induce severe liver injury, such as alcohol, drugs, hepatoviruses other than HBV, autoimmunity and pregnancy, as well as genetic and metabolic disorders. HBV-ACLF patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, known decompensated cirrhosis prior to onset of acute hepatic insult, age less than 18 years, jaundice induced by hemolytic jaundice and obstructive jaundice, absence of any chronic liver disease on investigations, and prolonged prothrombin time induced by blood system diseases were also excluded. The flowchart for the selection of HBV-ACLF patients was shown in Figure 4.
Derivation cohort data were screened from Beijing You-an Hospital from January 2005 to January 2013, while validation cohort data was collected from three different medical centers from January 2013 to February 2014. Specifically, 30 cases, 24 cases and 40 cases of HBV-ACLF as validation cohort data were collected from Beijing You-an Hospital, Tianjin Third Central Hospital and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, respectively. The derivation cohort was applied to determine the predictors of mortality and thus established a prognostic model.
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Publication 2017
Asian Persons Autoimmune Diseases Biopsy Birth Chinese Diagnosis Endoscopy Ethanol Hematological Disease Hepatocellular Carcinomas Hepatovirus Icterus Injuries Jaundice, Hemolytic Jaundice, Obstructive Liver Liver Cirrhosis Liver Diseases Liver Function Tests Metabolic Diseases Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Times, Prothrombin
The liver resection database at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) was queried to identify patients undergoing hepatectomy for malignancy from 1993 to 2012. The MSK Institutional Review Board provided a waiver from IRB review and HIPAA Authorization. Patients were divided into 3 groups of similar size according to time period [early (1993-1999), middle (2000-2006), and recent (2007-2012)].
The general approach to patients under consideration for liver resection has been previously documented.(10 (link)) CT, MR, or PET imaging were used for preoperative radiologic evaluations, and intraoperative ultrasound was used in all cases. Portal inflow occlusion (Pringle maneuver) was used frequently, in 5- to 15-minute intervals. Control of portal, arterial, and biliary in-flow pedicles was performed extrahepatically or intrahepatically, depending on the resection planned, disease location, and surgeon preference. Low central venous pressure (<5 mmHg) was used in all cases when feasible. Parenchymal division was performed via a clamp-crushing technique with sutures or clips to control intrahepatic biliary and vascular structures; more recently, thermal bipolar devices were added. Postoperatively, patients were managed for 12-24 hours in the recovery room and then transferred to the surgical ward, unless clinical factors dictated a monitored setting. Red blood cell transfusions were guided by patient hemodynamic status in combination with Hgb level (<8 mg/dL).
Liver resections were quantified by number of segments resected using the Brisbane 2000 terminology of hepatic anatomy and resection:(11 (link)) enucleations (0), wedge resection and formal segmentectomy (1 ), sectionectomy (left lateral, right anterior or posterior, 2), left hepatectomy (3 (link)), right hepatectomy (4 (link)), and extended hepatectomy (5 (link)). Major hepatectomy was defined as resection of ≥three segments. For our data, “perioperative” referred to the time period that included both operation and recovery room. Complications from 1993 to 2002 were identified retrospectively. From 2002 to 2012 complications were entered prospectively. All complications were graded using a score of 1 to 5.(12 (link))
Complications were analyzed per patient and per resection. Major complications were defined as ≥grade 3. Liver dysfunction was defined by presence of at least one from the following: postoperative prolonged hyperbilirubinemia without obstruction or leak, prolonged coagulopathy, ascites (drainage >500 mL/day), or encephalopathy with hyperbilirubinemia.(5 (link)) Steatosis was defined as percentage of hepatocytes containing lipid vesicles divided by total number of hepatocytes. It was graded using the Kleiner-Brunt histologic scoring system, (13 (link)) where moderate steatosis was defined as 5 - 33%. Mortality was determined at 90-days post procedure.
Summary statistics are reported as median and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables, unless otherwise specified. Categorical variables are reported as percentages. Comparisons are made with t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests depending on type of distribution for continuous variables. Categorical variables are compared with Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test depending on number of observations. Multivariate analyses used logistic regression. All reported p values were two-tailed and those ≤0.05 were considered significant. All analyses were conducted using Stata/IC 12.1 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX).
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Publication 2014
Arteries Ascites Bile Blood Coagulation Disorders Blood Vessel Clip Dental Occlusion Drainage Hemodynamics Hepatectomy Hepatocyte Jaundice, Obstructive Kernicterus Lipids Malignant Neoplasms Medical Devices Patients Red Blood Cell Transfusion Segmental Mastectomy Steatohepatitis Surgeons Sutures Ultrasonography Venous Pressure, Central
This is a retrospective analysis of medical records of all VLBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2001 and December 2003. Excluded were infants who had significant congenital malformations, died in the first 10 days of life or had other confirmed causes of cholestasis other than TPN-AC. Significant cholestatic jaundice was defined as direct serum bilirubin > 34 μmol/L. TPN formula used during the study period was Vaminolact (Fresenius Kabi, Homburg, Germany). The components of TPN were adjusted and individualized according to the patient's clinical condition. A total of 3 g/kg/day of amino acids and 3 g/kg/day of intralipid were infused continuously over 24 h via peripheral or central line. For the sake of analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: Cholestasis and noncholestasis groups, based on the value of direct serum bilirubin.
The possible risk factors collected were gestational age (GA), birth weight (Bwt), gender, Apgar score (AS), TPN duration, age at initial feeding, age at full feeds, episodes of culture-confirmed sepsis, umbilical arterial and venous catheterization, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Bacterial sepsis was defined as positive blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine culture. The age at initial feeding was defined as the age of the first enteral feed.
Publication 2014
Amino Acids Apgar Score Arteries Bacteria Bilirubin Birth Weight BLOOD Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Catheterization Cerebrospinal Fluid Cholestasis Congenital Abnormality Gestational Age Infant Intralipid Jaundice, Obstructive Necrotizing Enterocolitis Patent Ductus Arteriosus Patients Septicemia Serum Umbilicus Urine Veins Venous Catheter, Central

Most recents protocols related to «Jaundice, Obstructive»

This was a prospective study conducted at University Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Data were collected from the HCC project. The inclusion criteria were patients 18 years or over with a high risk for HCC. The high risk for HCC was defined by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines for HCC management (17 (link)): cirrhosis or presence of liver nodule(s) of 1 cm or over in size. Those with pregnancy, obstructive jaundice, vitamin K, or warfarin administration and presence of extrahepatic malignancy were excluded. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee in human research, Khon Kaen University, Thailand (HE621134). This study was a part of HCC project of Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Eligible patients provided a written informed consent prior to study participation. Data were collected as follows: baseline characteristics, laboratory results, and radiographic findings. Baseline characteristics included age, sex, etiology of cirrhosis, comorbid diseases, and the Child-Pugh score for cirrhosis. Laboratory tests in the study were platelet count, serum creatinine, prothrombin time, liver function test, AFP, and PIVKA-II. All samples were tested for AFP and PIVKA-II by using a test kit (µTASWako i30; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation). Radiographic findings were numbers of liver mass, largest mass size (cm), and portal vein invasion. HCC was diagnosed by either confirmation by pathological findings or radiographic findings of arterial hypervascularity followed by venous and/or delayed phase or washout of contrast (17 (link)).
Publication 2023
acarboxy prothrombin Arteries Child Creatinine Ethics Committees Homo sapiens Jaundice, Obstructive Liver Liver Cirrhosis Liver Diseases Liver Function Tests Malignant Neoplasms Patients Platelet Counts, Blood Pregnancy Serum Times, Prothrombin Veins Veins, Portal Vitamin K Warfarin X-Rays, Diagnostic
This prospective, single-center, pilot study included consecutive patients aged 20 years or older who developed obstructive jaundice and/or cholangitis due to unresectable MDBO between February 2020 and January 2022. The exclusion criteria were as follows: difficulty in reaching the duodenal papilla, surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy, short stricture length unsuitable for the RFA catheter used in the study7 (link), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 4, severe dysfunction in any other organ, and refusal to participate in the study. Temporary predrainage was implemented with a plastic stent or nasobiliary drainage until the presence of a malignancy and unresectability, such as metastasis, locally advanced, and/or poor general condition were confirmed.
The institutional review board of Aichi Medical University Hospital approved this study, which was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number: 2019-169). All patients provided written informed consent before the procedure and study participation. The study protocol was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry database (Identifier: UMIN000039563).
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Publication 2023
Catheters Cholangitis Drainage Duodenum Ethics Committees, Research Jaundice, Obstructive Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Nipples Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Stenosis Stents
Study design: Prospective single-center comparative study. A total of 86 patients from among the patients admitted to University Hospital “Kaspela” for diagnosis and/or treatment of liver cirrhosis between January and November 2021 were included. Subjects were divided into two groups as follows: (1). Compensated liver cirrhosis, (2). Decompensated liver cirrhosis. The presence of either ascites, prior episode of variceal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, or jaundice were considered as criteria for inclusion in the dLC group, while the rest were selected for the cLC group. Patients with thrombosis of the portal venous system, prior endoscopic band ligation (EBL), obstructive jaundice, or verified malignant lesions in the liver we considered ineligible and were excluded from the analysis.
Each of the participants underwent a physical examination and biochemical testing including alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin, and platelet count. Each participant underwent conventional abdominal ultrasound in B-mode to assess the size, shape, and structure of the liver. Standard liver measurements were performed: the ventro-dorsal size of the liver (mm) on the right midclavicular line, portal vein size (mm), and portal blood flow velocity by Doppler US (m/sec). The presence of ascites and visible portosystemic anastomoses was also recorded.
LSM was performed by 2D-SWE using the QElaXto® software, version F104513Q101701 of an Esaote MyLab™ 9 eXP (Genoa, Italy) ultrasound device. A convex C1-8IQ appleprobe transducer was used. Ten elastographic measurements were performed with a validation criterion-median interquartile range (IQR/M) <30% in accordance with current recommendations [5 (link)].
LS was assessed elastographically by examining the right hepatic lobe of each patient through the intercostal space. Patients were in a supine position with their right arm at maximum abduction in compliance with the latest requirements for quality measurement [6 (link),7 (link)]. During standard B-mode, an assessment area was selected with no large blood vessels. Location at a distance of at least 1.5 cm from the Glisson’s capsule was selected and the ROI size was fixed by the device. The patient was instructed to hold his breath while the values were calculated (Figure 1). If the colour box was not filled by > 50% of its surface or if breathing was uncontrolled, the elastogram was discarded and a new acquisition was attempted. Ten LSMs were obtained, and the median value in m/s was used for analysis.
Upper endoscopy was utilized as a reference method to evaluate the presence and grade of EVs. An endoscopic processor Olympus Evis Exera III (Hamburg, Germany), coupled with the Olympus GIF-HQ190 (Hamburg Germany) therapeutic gastroscope, was used. Grading of EVs was performed in concordance with the Paquet classification (Table 1) [8 (link)]. Moderate insufflation was used. All procedures were performed by a single endoscopist to ensure adequate comparability.
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Publication 2023
Abdomen Alkaline Phosphatase Ascites Aspartate Transaminase Bilirubin Blood Flow Velocity Blood Vessel Capsule D-Alanine Transaminase Diagnosis Elasticity Imaging Techniques Elastograms Endoscopy gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Gastroscopes Hemorrhage Hepatic Encephalopathy Icterus Insufflation Jaundice, Obstructive Ligation Liver Liver Cirrhosis Medical Devices Patients Physical Examination Platelet Counts, Blood Portal System Surgical Anastomoses Therapeutics Thrombosis Transducers Ultrasonography Veins Veins, Portal
This retrospective study examined data from 552 patients who were diagnosed with PC between January 2011 and December 2013 at Ehime University Hospital and its affiliated centers (EPOCH Study Group) after excluding patients with unknown viral hepatitis status (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] and anti-HCV antibodies). We surveyed data on age, sex, the trigger of PC diagnosis, liver-related blood tests [platelet counts, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and albumin], and UICC stage (7th edition) [16 ]. All data were collected at the time of PC diagnosis (or before PC treatment for patients requiring biliary drainage due to obstructive jaundice). Data regarding patient outcomes (survival, lost to follow-up, and death) were collected as of May 2017.
PC diagnosis was based on tumor markers, abdominal imaging, and/or histological findings, as described elsewhere [3 (link)]. The staging of PC was determined according to the clinical stage, except for stage 0, which was confirmed pathologically [11 (link)]. Since a nationwide survey of PC revealed significant differences in 5-year survival between stage IB (59.7%) and stage IIA (30.2%) [2 (link)], stages 0–IB were defined as early stages in this study, while stages IIA–IV were defined as non-early stages.
In this study, liver biopsy was considered the gold standard for diagnosing CLD. The aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) was calculated in patients with CLD. However, the final decision on the interval of HCC surveillance is made by individual hepatologists. Abdominal imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI) and tumor markers analysis (AFP, DCP) were generally performed every three to four months in cirrhosis patients and every six months in non-cirrhosis patients, according to the guideline recommendations [10 (link)].
Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or number and percentage. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the chi-squared test. Outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. Differences in survival analyses were determined using the log-rank test. The differences were considered statistically significant at a two-tailed p-value < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using JMP software (version 13; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). To ensure the anonymity of patient data, the data were stored in a secure database, and the patients were numerically coded. The study protocol complied with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee of Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine (1204066). The requirement for written consent was waived owing to the study’s retrospective nature.
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Publication 2023
Abdomen Albumins Aspartate Transaminase Bile Bilirubin Biopsy BLOOD Blood Platelets D-Alanine Transaminase Drainage EPOCH protocol Ethics Committees Gold Hepatitis B Surface Antigens Hepatitis C Antibodies Hepatitis Viruses Hepatologists Jaundice, Obstructive Liver Liver Cirrhosis Liver Function Tests Patients Platelet Counts, Blood Precipitating Factors Tumor Markers Ultrasonography
This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of National Cheng Kung University Hospital (IRB number: B-ER-110-392). The requirement of written informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study. Patients who presented to National Cheng Kung University Hospital with obstructive jaundice between 2008 and 2020 were retrospectively screened. Inclusion criteria were age > 20 years and treatment with PTBD. Exclusion criteria were missing clinical information (e.g., demographic data, procedure time, duct diameter, indications for obstruction, presence of ascites, obstruction level, hepatic puncture site) and missing data regarding final treatment outcomes (PTBD success and bilirubin reduction) or complications. In this study, all PTBD procedures were conducted with placement of an around 8 Fr small pigtail drainage catheter and were performed by interventional radiologists with more than 10 years of experience in biliary intervention. Postoperative complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Bilirubin reduction was defined as normalization of bilirubin or a serum total bilirubin concentration of ≤3 mg/dl or decrease in bilirubin levels by ≥30% within 2 weeks of biliary drainage.
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Publication 2023
Ascites Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures Bilirubin Catheters Drainage Ethics Committees, Research Jaundice, Obstructive Patients perfluoro-2,2,2',2'-tetramethyl-4,4'-bis(1,3-dioxolane) Postoperative Complications Punctures Radiologist Serum

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More about "Jaundice, Obstructive"

Obstructive jaundice is a condition marked by the buildup of bilirubin, causing yellowing of the skin and eyes.
This type of jaundice is triggered by a blockage in the bile ducts, preventing proper drainage of bile.
Symptoms may include abdominal pain, dark urine, and light-colored stools.
Diagnosis often involves blood tests and imaging studies.
Treatment aims to address the underlying cause, such as gallstones, tumors, or other conditions.
Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to avoid complications like infection or liver damage.
PubCompare.ai can optimize research on obstructive jaundice by locating relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
Relted terms include biliary obstruction, cholestatic jaundice, and bile duct obstruction.
Abbreviations like OJ or ChJ may also be used.
Subtopics include causes (e.g., gallstones, tumors), diagnostic tests (e.g., bilirubin levels, imaging), and treatment options (e.g., surgery, stents).
Sheep blood, TJF-260V, and KX-21 are potentially relevant products, while SPSS software version 23.0 and C57BL/6J may be useful tools.
ED‐580T, Wallstent, JF-260V, and SYNAPSE VINCENT are also potentially relevant.
Controlled radial expansion balloons may be used in some treatment approaches.