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> Disorders > Disease or Syndrome > Lactose Intolerance

Lactose Intolerance

Lactose Intolerance is a condition where the body is unable to properly digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products.
This can lead to symptoms like bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after consuming lactose-containing foods.
Individuals with Lactose Intolerance may experience varying degrees of lactose maldigestion, depending on the amount of lactase enzyme produced by the small intestine.
Proper diagnosis and management, such as dietary modifications and enzyme supplementation, can help manage the symtpoms and maintain a healthy, balanced diet.

Most cited protocols related to «Lactose Intolerance»

1
Gestational Diabetes Screening Among Pregnant Women
We performed a cross‐sectional study with baseline data from the Pregnant+ study, a randomised controlled trial (RCT) among pregnant women with GDM [24 (link)] (ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02588729). Data were collected from October 2015 to April
2017 at five diabetic outpatient clinics (DOCs) in the Oslo region of Norway. Participants were recruited consecutively as they came to the DOC. To be included in the study, the women had to have a smartphone, be 18 years or older and be at a gestational age of less than 33 weeks. The women also had to be capable of filling out the questionnaire in Norwegian, Somali or Urdu. Only 14 women filled out the questionnaire in either Urdu or Somali. Participants were excluded from the study if they had a twin pregnancy. In addition, women with celiac disease or lactose intolerance were excluded since they need to follow special diets [24 (link)]. Health professionals at the DOCs identified pregnant women with GDM and checked their eligibility for participation in the study. Of 774 participants assessed for eligibility, 238 participated in the study. All of the women were diagnosed with GDM after performing a two‐hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 9 mmol/L. The OGTT consisted of a fasting blood glucose sample followed by drinking a beverage containing 75 g of anhydrous glucose and a second blood glucose sample measured 2 hours later. The definition of GDM was in accordance with the national guidelines for antenatal care and that of the WHO [25 , 26 ].
Garnweidner-Holme L., Henriksen L., Bjerkan K., Lium J, & Lukasse M. (2022). Factors associated with the level of physical activity in a multi-ethnic pregnant population – a cross-sectional study at the time of diagnosis with gestational diabetes. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22, 1.
Publication 2022
Beverages Blood Glucose Care, Prenatal Celiac Disease Dextrose, Anhydrous Diet Eligibility Determination Gestational Age Health Personnel Lactose Intolerance Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Pregnant Women Woman
2
Improving Diet, Exercise, and Lifestyle for Overweight Women
Our study, the Improving Diet, Exercise and Lifestyle (I.D.E.A.L.) for Women Study, was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the Hamilton Health Sciences and conformed to the most recent Canadian government tri-council funding policy statement on the use of human subjects in research (33 ). The study was conducted from June 2008 to May 2010. A total of 246 women were recruited from McMaster University and the surrounding Hamilton area through posters and local newspaper advertisements. Of those, 95 participants gave their written, informed consent to participate. Prior to beginning the trial, 5 women declined participation and 90 were randomized into 3 groups. Information regarding recruitment and participant flow is in Supplemental Figure 1.
Participants were all premenopausal and overweight or obese women (BMI between 27 and 40 kg/m2) between the ages of 19 and 45 y. Other general inclusion criteria were: low dairy product consumption, sedentary lifestyle, regular menstrual cycle, no vitamin or mineral supplementation, and otherwise healthy. Participants were deemed healthy and eligible to participate based on their responses to a short medical screening questionnaire that inquired about metabolic risk factors (cholesterol, insulin, and glucose concentrations and blood pressure), heart and other organ disease, orthopedic injury that would interfere with exercise, gastrointestinal disease, clinically diagnosed dairy protein allergy, clinically diagnosed lactose intolerance, and prescription medication use. Participants were excluded if they had any of the aforementioned conditions.
Prior to the study commencing, participants’ height and weight were measured (Healthweigh 140–10 Eye Level Digital Physician scale). They then completed a FFQ validated for calcium and dairy foods to verify their low consumption at baseline (as per the study inclusion criteria). Participants were also instructed on how to accurately complete a 7-d food record and were given their own set of measuring cups and spoons to use throughout the study.
Josse A.R., Atkinson S.A., Tarnopolsky M.A, & Phillips S.M. (2011). Increased Consumption of Dairy Foods and Protein during Diet- and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss Promotes Fat Mass Loss and Lean Mass Gain in Overweight and Obese Premenopausal Women. The Journal of Nutrition, 141(9), 1626-1634.
Publication 2011
Blood Pressure Calcium, Dietary Cholesterol Dairy Products Diet Food Gastrointestinal Diseases Glucose Heart Homo sapiens Hypersensitivity Injuries Insulin Lactose Intolerance Menstrual Cycle Minerals Obesity Physicians Prescription Drugs Proteins Vitamins Woman
3
Prepubertal Children's Iron Status on Vegetarian Diet
The study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Mother and Child. Written informed consent was obtained from all parents of the children before their participation in the study.
Eighty-nine prepubertal children (age range 4.5–9.0 years) were recruited between January 2015 and July 2016 from a group of consecutive patients seeking dietary counseling in the Department of Nutrition at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw (Poland). Pubertal stage was assessed according to the Tanner criteria. All participants were Caucasian. None of the subjects had any serious health problems nor were receiving any medications. Children whose clinical characteristics could have affected iron metabolism, inflammation, altered liver function, or eating disorders were excluded. Also, children with gastrointestinal disorders such as lactose intolerance, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or constipation were excluded. At the Institute of Mother and Child, consultations with medical and nutritional specialists are available to children on a vegetarian as well as on a traditional mixed diet, whose parents want to make sure that their children are properly nourished. The study group consisted of 43 children on a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, who did not consume meat, poultry, or fish, but ate eggs and dairy products. The parents of these children were vegetarians and the children were following a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet from birth. The omnivorous group included 46 healthy prepubertal children on a traditional mixed diet who had visited the Institute of Mother and Child for routine medical checkups and dietary consultation.
Ambroszkiewicz J., Klemarczyk W., Mazur J., Gajewska J., Rowicka G., Strucińska M, & Chełchowska M. (2017). Serum Hepcidin and Soluble Transferrin Receptor in the Assessment of Iron Metabolism in Children on a Vegetarian Diet. Biological Trace Element Research, 180(2), 182-190.
Publication 2017
Celiac Disease Child Childbirth Constipation Dairy Products Diet Eating Disorders Eggs Ethics Committees Fishes Fowls, Domestic Gastrointestinal Diseases Inflammation Iron Irritable Bowel Syndrome Lactose Intolerance Liver Meat Metabolism Mothers Parent Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Puberty Specialists Vegetarians White Person
4
Dietary Flavanol and Exercise Effects on Older Adults
Study participants were healthy, sedentary older adults, 50–69 years of age, recruited from the Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital campus. Participants were eligible if they did not exercise regularly or exceed American Heart Association standards for average fitness (VO2 max < 36 and 33 ml kg−1 min−1 for men age 50–59 and 60–69, respectively; < 29 and 27 ml kg−1 min−1 for women age 50–59 and 60–75, respectively, established by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)). Exclusion criteria included use of psychotropic medications, current psychiatric disorder, any condition for which aerobic training as counter-indicated, habitual consumers of dietary or herbal supplements including Gingko, flavonoid, and dietary herbal or plant extracts, lactose intolerance, and diabetes.
417 potential participants were screened, of whom 131 initially were determined to be eligible. 88 provided informed consent, 51 met the CPET standards, 46 successfully completed the run-in phase (see below) and 41 were randomized. Participants were randomized as follows: high dietary flavanol (DF) + active exercise (AE) (n = 10), high DF + wait list control (n = 11), low DF + AE (n = 10) and low DF + wait list control (n = 10). 37 participants completed the study and 4 dropped out. Subjects receiving high DF were instructed to take 2 450-mg high-flavanol supplements, for a 900-mg daily dose. Subjects receiving low DF consumed a daily total of 45 mg, divided into two doses. There were no other dietary interventions, although we excluded habitual consumers of dietary or herbal supplements.
Brickman A.M., Khan U.A., Provenzano F.A., Yeung L.K., Suzuki W., Schroeter H., Wall M., Sloan R.P, & Small S.A. (2014). Enhancing dentate gyrus function with dietary flavanols improves cognition in older adults. Nature neuroscience, 17(12), 1798-1803.
Publication 2014
Aged Diabetes Mellitus Diet Dietary Modification Dietary Supplements Exercise, Aerobic Flavonoids Ginkgo biloba Herbal Supplements Lactose Intolerance Mental Disorders Plant Extracts Psychotropic Drugs Woman
5
Periodontitis and Prenatal Care in Brazil
The study population includes low-risk adult pregnant women, with periodontitis, attending the prenatal care in the Municipal Health Centre of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the IMPROVE feasibility trial

Inclusion criteriaExclusion criteria
1. Aged ≥ 18 years at the time of recruitment1. Positive diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, syphilis, psychosis, diabetes before pregnancy, thyroid disease, or any disorder causing vitamin D hypersensitivity (e.g. sarcoidosis and other lymphomatous disorders)
2. > 20 weeks gestation at first prenatal visit2. Lactose intolerance, milk allergy, history of renal stones or family history of renal stone and hyperparathyroidism
3. Positive diagnosis of periodontitis (≥ 1 tooth with at least one site with ≥ 4 mm of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and presence of bleeding on probing)3. Extensive dental cavity (crowns of several teeth destroyed by caries) and loss of tooth structure or use of fixed dental braces
4. Cognitively and physically able to complete an interview and oral examination and willing to participate, including provision of blood samples.4. Use of antibiotics or any immune-suppressants or medication known to affect vitamin D/calcium metabolism
5. Consumption of ≥ 4 servings/day of dairy products or taking vitamin D supplements > 400 IU/day
Cocate P.G., Kac G., Heitmann B.L., Nadanovsky P., da Veiga Soares Carvalho M.C., Benaim C., Schlüssel M.M., de Castro M.B., Alves-Santos N.H., Baptista A.F., Holick M.F., Mokhtar R.R., Bomfim A.R, & Adegboye A.R. (2019). Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and/or periodontal therapy in the treatment of periodontitis among Brazilian pregnant women: protocol of a feasibility randomised controlled trial (the IMPROVE trial). Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 5, 38.
Publication 2019
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult Antibiotics BLOOD Calcium, Dietary Dairy Products Dental Caries Dental Health Services Diagnosis Dietary Supplements Ergocalciferol Gestational Diabetes HIV Seropositivity Hypersensitivity Immunosuppressive Agents Kidney Calculi Lactose Intolerance Lymphoma Milk Allergy Nephrolithiasis Oral Examination Periodontitis Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Pregnancy in Diabetics Pregnant Women Psychotic Disorders Sarcoidosis Syphilis Thyroid Diseases Tooth Tooth Crowns Tooth Loss

Most recents protocols related to «Lactose Intolerance»

1
Functional Abdominal Bloating Study
The study included adult (18–65-year-old) male and female participants experiencing abdominal discomfort, gas, bloating, and distension symptoms. The enrolled subjects fulfilled Rome IV C4 diagnostic criteria for functional abdominal bloating/distension. Rome IV C4 diagnostic criteria consist of recurrent bloating and/or distention occurring at least 1 day per week and a predominance of abdominal bloating and distention over other symptoms in the absence of IBS, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, or postprandial distress syndrome. As per the Rome IV criteria, these symptoms should be present for at least 6 months before diagnosis, with persisting symptoms for the last 3 months.[1 ] The GSRS, indigestion subscore for all enrolled subjects was >5, suggesting mild to moderate symptoms. Other inclusion criteria included a willingness to complete subject diaries and questionnaires, abstaining from prebiotic and probiotic food supplements, vitamins, proteins, and minerals supplements, laxatives, a high fiber diet, and dairy products during the study.
Exclusion criteria included indications of functional dyspepsia or other functional gastrointestinal disorders; active psychiatric conditions; and consumption of supplements or medications that would interfere with the gut’s natural microbiota, such as antibiotics, within the last 21 days before screening. In addition, subjects with gastrointestinal disorders or other digestive problems such as Crohn disease, short bowel, ulcerative colitis confirmed by fecal calprotectin negative test, constipation, and lactose intolerance were also excluded. Subjects who used gastrointestinal medications to control gut function, such as antispasmodics, prokinetic agents, probiotics, prebiotics, or laxatives, were excluded from the study.
Majeed M., Nagabhushanam K., Paulose S., Arumugam S, & Mundkur L. (2023). The effects of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 on functional gas and bloating in adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 102(9), e33109.
Publication 2023
Abdomen Adult Antibiotics Antispasmodics Constipation Dairy Products Diagnosis Diarrhea Diet Dietary Supplements Digestive System Disorders Dyspepsia Fecal Occult Blood Test Fibrosis Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Galvanic Skin Response Gastrointestinal Agents Gastrointestinal Diseases Gastrointestinal Microbiome Intestines Lactose Intolerance Laxatives Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex Males Mental Disorders Minerals Pharmaceutical Preparations Prebiotics Probiotics Proteins Syndrome Ulcerative Colitis Vitamins Woman
2
ARIANNA Project Participant Questionnaires
The questionnaires in the ARIANNA project are web-based, self-administered, anonymous and free. They are divided into two different parts. The first part consists of questions on demographic factors, socioeconomic status, health status and lifestyle. The response formats are closed and structured for: gender (female, male), age (17–20 years, 21–40 years, 41–60 years, 61–80 years, 81 years or more), qualification (none, primary school certificate, lower secondary school certificate, high school diploma, degree, postgraduate study), adherence to special diets (none, coeliac disease, food allergy, lactose intolerance, veganism, vegetarianism, religious reasons), main concomitant pathology (none, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer), occupation (none, employment, coordinated and continuous collaboration, occasional work, self-employment, unemployment). The occupation item is completed with two more questions on the type of contract: fixed-term or permanent, full time or part time. Annual income is an optional questionnaire item and it is provided as: <€5000, €5000–€15 000, €15 000–€30 000, €30 000−€50 000, €50 000−€100 000, >€100 000. Geographical areas of birth and residence are requested as province (second-level administrative division of Italy) and zip code. The number of members within the household (>18 years, 13–18 years and ≤12 years) and frequency of physical activity (hour/week) are also requested. The second one includes questions on participants’ dietary habits, different according to the age and to the score system selected to evaluate MD adherence.
Cardamone E., Di Benedetto R., Lorenzoni G., Gallipoli S., Ghidina M., Zobec F., Iacoponi F., Gregori D, & Silano M. (2023). Adherence to Mediterranean diet in Italy (ARIANNA) cross-sectional survey: study protocol. BMJ Open, 13(3), e067534.
Publication 2023
Celiac Disease Cerebrovascular Accident Childbirth Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Diet Food Allergy Gender High Blood Pressures Households Lactose Intolerance Males Malignant Neoplasms Myocardial Infarction Vegetarianism Woman
3
Validating Vitamin D Intake Assessment
This was a cross-sectional study in which the vitamin D intake of participants was estimated using the method of triads that combine three assessment methods: FFQ, 7d-FR and vitamin D serum biomarker. The study process is represented in Figure 1. Healthy women of reproductive age (18–45 years) living in Meknes province and surrounding areas were recruited throuμgh an announcement at Moulay Ismail university population. The latitude of the chosen study area is around 33.89° which make vitamin D skin synthesis possible across 300/364 days of the year [43 (link)]. Therefore, participant recruitment was performed between March and April 2019, in early spring season, when UVB strength would probably be moderate.
The literature identifies a sample size of 100 individuals as a quality criterion for validation studies [44 (link)]. A minimum of 50 subjects is indicated when using biomarkers as a reference method [44 (link),45 (link)]. Similarly, for applying the Bland Altman approach, at least 50 is preferable to evaluate the limits of agreement [28 (link)]. Since 189 participants replied to our invitation voluntarily and were enrolled in the present study, the sample size was then considered as satisfactory. Exclusion criteria for the study were: women involved in loss weight programs, diet restriction (i.e., veganism or vegetarianism, lactose intolerance), or under medication known to interfere with vitamin D metabolism, such as glucocorticoids, carbamazepine used to treat epilepsy or Cholesterol-lowering druμgs, statin [46 (link)]. Furthermore, pregnant or breast-feeding women and women with self-reported medical conditions were excluded (i.e., severe anemia, hemophilic syndrome and malabsorption syndromes that may cause decreased vitamin D) [47 (link)].
All participants were invited to attend two appointments for data collection.
In visit 1: All participants were informed about the study process and the data collection. Next, inclusion/exclusion criteria were verified. Screening identified 167 women of reproductive age eligible and agreed to participate in the study. Afterwards, participants were divided into four groups and a dietitian explained and administered the ViD-FFQ and 7d-FR to each group. However, food record brochures that included written instructions and examples were provided individually to complete at home. The participants were asked to complete the VitD-FFQ and then the 7d-FR the following week to avoid memory bias between the dietary assessments. In order to reduce the social desirability bias, it was clearly explained to all participants that the aim of the study was nothing more than the evaluation of the VitD-FFQ as opposed to their food habits.
In visit 2: One week later, another visit was organized, and all VitD-FFQs and the 7d-FR were reviewed upon completion and submission by the same dietitian as the first visit. We only included the participants who fully completed and returned their 7d-FR. Incomplete FFQs and FR were excluded (i.e., missing items or day, an unreported quantity of food product and portion sizes consumed and others). In addition, blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken by two registered nurses. All participants were interviewed to evaluate their sun exposure score during the last month using the sun exposure questionnaire (SEQ). The demographic information, such as the age and socioeconomic status of all participants, was also collected using a general questionnaire.
A total of 154 VitD-FFQs and the associated 7-FRs were of good quality of completeness. However, two participants failed to provide a blood sample. Therefore, the total number of women included in the analysis was 152. The ethics committee of biomedical research at Moulay Ismail University (reference; N°1/CERB-UMI/19) approved the study protocol, and all investigations were conducted under the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants signed written informed consent.
Zouine N., Lhilali I., Menouni A., Godderis L., El Midaoui A., El Jaafari S, & Zegzouti Filali Y. (2023). Development and Validation of Vitamin D- Food Frequency Questionnaire for Moroccan Women of Reproductive Age: Use of the Sun Exposure Score and the Method of Triad’s Model. Nutrients, 15(4), 796.
Publication 2023
Anabolism Anemia Biological Markers BLOOD Carbamazepine Cholesterol Diet Dietary Restriction Dietitian Epilepsy Ergocalciferol Ethics Committees, Research Food Glucocorticoids Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Lactose Intolerance Malabsorption Syndrome Memory Metabolism Pharmaceutical Preparations Registered Nurse Reproduction Skin Syndrome Triad resin Vegetarianism Vitamin D Weight Reduction Programs Woman
4
Whey Protein Intake Effects on Sedentary Men
Thirty-six men in their 20s and 30s living in metropolitan B in South Korea were recruited for this study. We recruited men with standard Korean body sizes (height: 174 ± 5 cm, weight: 74 ± 4 kg) for the study [21 ] in order to reduce the variation in physique and sex differences as much as possible. All participants were non-smokers and relatively healthy sedentary individuals (no exercise within 3 months). They also had no allergies to dairy or lactose intolerance and no alcohol consumption within the last 3 months. They were randomly assigned to a whey protein supplement intake group (PSG) and a placebo intake group (CON) (18 participants in each group). However, mainly due to COVID-19, 1 PSG participant, and 3 CON participants dropped out; therefore, only the results of 32 (PSG, n = 17; CON, n = 15) participants were finally included in the data analysis. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Pusan National University (No. 2020_136_HR, date of approval: 31/05/2021), and all participants signed an approved consent form before participating in the study. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, revised in 2013.
Kim C.B., Park J.H., Park H.S., Kim H.J, & Park J.J. (2023). Effects of Whey Protein Supplement on 4-Week Resistance Exercise-Induced Improvements in Muscle Mass and Isokinetic Muscular Function under Dietary Control. Nutrients, 15(4), 1003.
Publication 2023
Body Size COVID 19 Dietary Supplements Ethics Committees, Research Hypersensitivity Koreans Lactose Intolerance Non-Smokers Placebos Proteins Staphylococcal Protein A Whey Proteins
5
Comprehensive Nutritional Care for Surgical Patients
IG patients were consulted (at least once pre- and postoperatively) for detailed nutritional counseling, which lasted approximately 45 min. However, a few additional counseling sessions were also provided at the request of physicians. Nutritional history, including anthropometric data, such as weight, disease-related weight loss, and height, was obtained by the dietitian. Quantitative and qualitative food intake, appetite, and gastrointestinal symptoms were also asked. In case of persistent nutritional problems, such as low food intake or malnutrition, high-caloric fluid supplements (2–3 potions (200 mL) per day with 2.0 kcal/mL) and enteral or parenteral nutrition were prescribed. In addition to the changes in nutritional physiology and/or possible complications from the surgery, some practical recommendations to avoid gastrointestinal symptoms, the risk of malnutrition, possible symptoms of dumping syndrome, the necessity of pancreatic enzyme supplementation, and possible lactose intolerance were also discussed. We also calculated the energy requirements and derived a recommendation for protein intake, weight maintenance, and weight gain, respectively. The total energy expenditure was calculated as 25–30 kcal/kg body weight per day, depending on patient activity, and recommended protein intake was calculated as 1.2–1.5 g/kg body weight per day, according to DGEM and ESPEN guidelines [1 (link),2 (link)]. Additionally, each patient received written nutritional recommendations related to surgery or individual symptoms, and the contents of the nutritional therapy were documented in the electronic medical record. A standard stepwise introduction to a full diet was further provided to the patients in accordance with the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). All patients received supportive parenteral nutrition (SMOF lipid at 2200 kcal/d) for at least the first 4 postoperative days. All parts of nutritional therapy followed the recommendations of standardized clinical practice guidelines from DGEM and ESPEN. It is worth mentioning that the postoperative nutritional treatment was comparable in both study groups.
Klassen D., Strauch C., Alteheld B., Lingohr P., Matthaei H., Vilz T., Gonzalez-Carmona M.A., Hausen A., Gräßler M., Sharma A., Strassburg C., Kalff J.C, & Schmidt-Wolf I.G. (2023). Assessing the Effects of a Perioperative Nutritional Support and Counseling in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Historical Controls. Biomedicines, 11(2), 609.
Publication 2023
Body Weight Diet Dietary Supplements Dietitian Dumping Syndrome Eating Energy Metabolism Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Enzymes Intestines, Small Lactose Intolerance Lipids Malnutrition Medical Nutrition Therapy Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Nutritional Support Nutrition Disorders Operative Surgical Procedures Pancreas Parenteral Nutrition Patients Physicians Proteins Staphylococcal Protein A

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Immunocap by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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