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Lordosis

Lordosis is a spinal condition characterized by an abnormal inward curvature of the lower back.
This condition can result in pain, discomfort, and postural issues.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, can help optimize Lordosis research by locating relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while leverageing AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
This innovative tool can enhance reproducibility and accuaracy in Lordosis studies, supporting researchers in their efforts to understand and manage this condition.

Most cited protocols related to «Lordosis»

1
Postmenopausal Women's Lumbar Lordosis
Participants in an ongoing epidemiological study of the prevalence of vertebral osteoporotic fractures formed the pool from which suitable subjects were selected. These participants are examined at the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete. Part of their comprehensive evaluation is to have anteroposterior and lateral spine X-rays taken in the standing position, using the same procedure and equipment. The main reason for using the same subjects from the aforementioned study was to avoid exposing any further people to radiation. In addition, as those subjects were exclusively women of postmenopausal age, the average age of the subjects was in the period where the frequency of osteoarthritis becomes maximum [1 (link),2 (link)]. Equally important, factors that are known to influence the sagittal curvature of the spine such as age and sex [25 (link)-28 (link)] would not confound the analysis.
All patients who had secondary osteoarthritis as well as patients whose lumbar curvature might have been altered from disease or iatrogenic intervention had to be excluded. Exclusion criteria were: 1) Congenital spinal diseases 2) Scoliosis 3) Spondylolisthesis - Spondylolysis 4) Vertebral fracture 5) History of spinal surgery 6) Inflammatory arthropathy 7) History of endocrine or metabolic disease.
All lumbar radiographs were examined on two separate occasions, independently, by two of the authors for the presence of features of osteoarthritis. The criteria used where those of Kellgren and Lawrence, and when evidence of two or more criteria were present, the diagnosis of lumbar osteoarthritis was made [29 (link)]. Interobserver agreement in detecting or excluding disease presence was 98%. If agreement was not reached, the patient was excluded from the study.
After the application of exclusion criteria, from 524 patients that were examined, only 145 were initially considered as potentially suitable. A further 33 patients were excluded after evaluation of spinal radiographs. The final sample consists of 112 postmenopausal women, aged 42-76 years old (mean 57.3 years).
After the designation of the final sample, lumbar lateral radiographs were digitized and measurements were made using the Cobb method with the assistance of a computer program. The use of computers for lumbar lordosis measurements has been shown to be at least equal, if not better, to the manual method [7 (link),30 (link),31 (link)]. Measurements were made from the top of L1 to the bottom of L5 as well as from the top of L1 to the top of S1. In addition, since several investigators have shown 50% to 75% of the total lordosis between L1 and S1 to be located at the bottom two motion segments [32 (link)-38 (link)], we also measured the angle between the bottom of L5 to the top of S1.
A priori power analysis showed that in order to have a power of 80% to detect a difference of as little as 10 degrees at the 0.05 level of significance assuming a standard deviation of 15 degrees, 35 women would be needed in each group. The increased enrolment improved the power of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using the one factor ANOVA model with no repeated measurements, chi - square test and for pairwise multiple comparisons, Ìann-Whitney test. All tests are two sided with p < 0.05 considered significant. The analysis was carried out using SPSS for Windows, Rel. 13.00. SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL.
The study protocol was approved by the Bioethics Board of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete. Written informed consent was obtained from all the subjects prior to their inclusion in the study.
Papadakis M., Papadokostakis G., Kampanis N., Sapkas G., Papadakis S.A, & Katonis P. (2010). The association of spinal osteoarthritis with lumbar lordosis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 11, 1.
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Publication 2010
Arthropathy Congenital Disorders Degenerative Arthritides Diagnosis Faculty, Medical Inflammation Lordosis Lumbar Osteoarthritis Lumbar Region Metabolic Diseases neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Radiotherapy Scoliosis Spinal Fractures Spondylolisthesis Spondylolysis System, Endocrine Vertebral Column Woman X-Rays, Diagnostic
2
Sagittal Integral Morphotype Evaluation
The measuring protocol of the “Sagittal Integral Morphotype”, described by Santonja [24 ] for the complete evaluation of sagittal spinal curvatures (dorsal and lumbar), consists of the sagittal assessment in a relaxed standing position (SP), in a slump sitting position (SSP), as well as in trunk forward bending position (TFB). The idea of this protocol is to assess the main positions that you can use and adopt in daily and sports activities. Essentially, posture characteristics that can have clinical relevance are quantified using a screening protocol with clinical applicability and are incorporated into a consistent system in which the clinical relevance of the identified posture types is appreciated in terms of their association with the risk of spinal pain and spinal injury. This protocol has been previously used in other studies [49 (link),51 (link),56 ,57 (link)]. First, it is necessary to assess the children in the three positions, and then use the three results to determine and define the “Sagittal Integral Morphotype” in each curve. Negative values stand for degrees of posterior concavity (lordosis), and positive values stand for anterior concavity or kyphosis.
Santonja-Medina F., Collazo-Diéguez M., Martínez-Romero M.T., Rodríguez-Ferrán O., Aparicio-Sarmiento A., Cejudo A., Andújar P, & Sainz de Baranda P. (2020). Classification System of the Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Children from the ISQUIOS Programme (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2467.
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Publication 2020
Child G-IDEA protocol Kyphosis Lordosis Lumbar Region Pain Spinal Injuries
3
Radiographic Evaluation of Spinal Fusion
MRI scans were obtained before surgery and the AP and lateral plain radiographs were obtained before surgery, immediately after surgery, at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery and the last follow-up. Flexion-extension lateral views were also obtained from 3 months after surgery. The anterior segmental height (ASH), posterior segmental height (PSH) (Fig. 1A) and cage distance (CD: the distance from the anterior edge of the upper vertebra to the anterior margin of the cage) (Fig. 1B) were measured on the radiographs. The ratio of the AP diameter at the middle of the upper vertebral body on the radiographs to that on the MRI scans was used to correct for the magnification difference of each image (Fig. 1C). The ASH and PSH values were used to assess the anterior/posterior intraoperative distraction and the anterior/posterior subsidence. The ASH/PSH was measured as the distance between the anterior/posterior margin of the upper end plate of the upper vertebra and the anterior/posterior margin of the lower end plate of the lower vertebra. The anterior/posterior intraoperative distraction was calculated as a difference in the ASH/PSH between before surgery and immediately after surgery. Anterior/posterior subsidence was defined as ≥ a 2 mm (minor subsidence) or 3 mm (major subsidence) reduction in the ASH/PSH between immediately after surgery and the last follow-up. The patients with ≥ 2 mm subsidence were classified as the subsidence group.
Segmental lordosis was measured using Cobb's method to assess the sagittal alignment (Fig. 1D). The increase in lordosis from before surgery to immediately after surgery and the decrease in lordosis from immediately after surgery to the last follow-up were recorded.
Nonunion was defined as the appearance of segmental instability with ≥ 2 mm widening of the interspinous distance on the flexion-extension lateral views at the last follow-up.
Radiological assessments were performed by an independent orthopedic surgeon on two occasions with using two PACS digital software systems: a Marosis 5.0 PACS viewer (Marotech, Seoul, Korea) and an Impax CS 5000 (Agfa-Gevaert, Mortsel, Belgium).
Yang J.J., Yu C.H., Chang B.S., Yeom J.S., Lee J.H, & Lee C.K. (2011). Subsidence and Nonunion after Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion Using a Stand-Alone Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Cage. Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery, 3(1), 16-23.
Publication 2011
Atrial Premature Complexes Fingers Lordosis MRI Scans Operative Surgical Procedures Orthopedic Surgeons Patients Vertebra Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebral Body X-Rays, Diagnostic
4
Simulating Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion with ALSR
The L4-L5 segment was selected to simulate oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) with ALSR screw fixation, and we performed surgical simulation according to a literature review and our surgical experience (Guo et al., 2020 (link); Xi et al., 2020 (link)). In this process, lateral parts of the annulus, all of the nucleus, and CEPs were removed, and a polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) OLIF cage (18 mm width and 50 mm length) filled with grafted bone was inserted into the interbody space. The lordotic angle and disc height of the postoperative models were identical to those of the intact model to eliminate the mechanical effects of these parameters (Kim et al., 2012 (link); Wang et al., 2019 (link); Guo et al., 2020 (link)).
Three different grades of contact sufficiency between the BEP and GB (including ideal, acceptable, and poor) were simulated by changing the GBOR in the coronal plane. The ideal contact was defined completely match between BEP and GB, GBOR in acceptable and poor contact models were defined as 80 and 60%, respectively. Based on the review of radiographic data, the mismatch on the superior side was mainly in the central region, while that on the inferior side was in the peripheral region. By combining different contact sufficiency grades between the GB and superior and inferior BEPs, five different OLIF models were constructed (Table 1; Figures 1, 5).
During the simulation of ALSR screw fixation, two titanium alloy (TI) screws were inserted into the L4-L5 vertebral bodies and penetrated the contralateral cortex. The axes of the screws in the transverse plane were parallel to the OLIF cage, whereas those in the coronal plane were parallel to the BEPs (Guo et al., 2020 (link); Xie et al., 2020 (link)). Screw threads were preserved, and the screw compaction effect was simulated by adjusting the material property of cancellous around the thread (Hsu et al., 2005 (link); Matsukawa et al., 2016 (link)). The connection between the screw tulip, the nut, and the spacer was simplified to increase the computational efficiency.
Li J.C., Xie T.H., Zhang Z., Song Z.T., Song Y.M, & Zeng J.C. (2022). The Mismatch Between Bony Endplates and Grafted Bone Increases Screw Loosening Risk for OLIF Patients With ALSR Fixation Biomechanically. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10, 862951.
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Publication 2022
Alloys BEP protocol Cell Nucleus Cortex, Cerebral Epistropheus Lordosis Lumbar Region Operative Surgical Procedures polyetheretherketone Radiography Titanium Tulip Vertebral Body
5
Evaluating Cobb Angle Measurement Reliability
From February 2011 to January 2013, radiographs satisfying the following conditions were included in this study: Cobb angle not above 90° because large Cobb angle is often associated with vertebral superimposed image, no obvious thoracic kyphosis, T2, T5, and pelvis being seen clearly. All X-rays were printed for manual measurements, and the cranial and caudal end vertebrae were marked by the senior spine surgeon on the same radiographs to reduce the component of variability. This study was approved by the clinical research ethics committee of the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University. Informed consent for data analysis was obtained from all subjects and/or families.
Three examiners, all orthopedic surgeons familiar with the measurement method of the Cobb angle, carried out the measurements independently in each setting (manual measurement on radiographs and SurgimapSpine software ancillary measurement on the computer). Each observer measured each radiograph twice, with a week’s interval between the first and second readings. All observers were blinded to their prior measurements and to the other observers. There is a learning curve for measurement of the Cobb angle on the computer. However, because SurgimapSpine method is being routinely used in the authors’ hospital since 2011, all the observers participating in the current study had already used this technique for at least a year.
For the manual set, the main angle was measured with pencil, the same ruler, and protractor with standard methods as shown Figure 
1. All radiographs were blinded and numbered consecutively. No copies were used to avoid the loss of quality as a result of duplication. Therefore, when one observer completed the measurement, the radiographs were wiped clean and passed to the next observer. For the specific software technique, all images were stored in the designated computer. The radiographs were all blinded, numbered, and viewed on the same SurgimapSpine software. Six parameters including coronal and sagittal planes were measured with manual and SurgimapSpine methods, respectively. Those measurements included pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), Lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (T2–T5, T5–T12), and coronal Cobb angle
[11 (link)]. The methods of parameters’ measurement are seen in Figure 
1. As for operating methods of the software, the introductions and specific measuring methods exist with Cobb angle measurement in the same window, and the measuring results are displayed below the introductions on the right side (Figure 
2). With regard to more than one curve in a patient, only the largest Cobb angle measured by observers was used in the final analysis.
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The means, standard deviations, intraclass and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (two-way mixed model, absolute agreement), 95% confidence intervals (CI) between the three observers, and between the two measurements of each observer were calculated. The ICC values can be considered as poor (less than 0.40), fair (0.40–0.59), good (0.60–0.74), and excellent (0.75–1.00)
[12 (link)]. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
Wu W., Liang J., Du Y., Tan X., Xiang X., Wang W., Ru N, & Le J. (2014). Reliability and reproducibility analysis of the Cobb angle and assessing sagittal plane by computer-assisted and manual measurement tools. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15, 33.
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Publication 2014
Caudal Vertebrae Cranium Ethics Committees, Research Kyphosis Learning Curve Lordosis Lumbar Region Orthopedic Surgeons Patients Pelvis Sacrum Surgeons Vertebra Vertebral Column Vision X-Rays, Diagnostic

Most recents protocols related to «Lordosis»

1
Radiographic Evaluation of Spinal-Pelvic Parameters
Radiographic data consisted of full-length coronal and sagittal radiographs were obtained in free- standing posture with the upper limbs resting on a support, the shoulders at 30° forward flexion, and the elbows slightly flexed [19 (link)]. All of the radiographic parameters were measured with Surgimap Software (version: 2.3.2.1; Spine Software, New York, NY).
All of the radiographic parameters concerned in this current study were shown in the Fig. 1A-B, which included thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI). All of those radiographic measurements were performed by a dedicated team independent from the operating surgeons.

A Sagittal radiologic parameters: Thoracic Kyphosis (TK) measured from the superior endplate of T4 to the inferior endplate of T12 by Cobb method; Lumbar Lordosis (LL) measured from the superior endplate of L1 to the inferior endplate of S1 by Cobb method. Sagittal vertical axis (SVA) defined as the horizontal offset from the posterosuperior corner of S1 to the plumb line going through the vertebral body of C7. B Pelvic parameters: Sacral slope (SS): the angle between the horizontal line and the sacarl endplate; Pelvic tilt (PT): the angle between the vertical and the line through the midpoint of the sacral endplate to the femoral heads axis; Pelvic Incidence (PI): the angle between the perpendicular to the sacral plate at its midpoint and the line connecting this point to the femoral heads axis

Kyphosis was recorded as positive value ( +), and lordosis as negative value (-). The spinopelvic index (SPI) was calculated by the equation: SPI = SS/PT.
Zhang Z., Chen S., Jia S., Chen R., Li N, & Meng C. (2023). Association of spinopelvic index with proximal junctional failure developing in adult spinal deformity after surgical treatment: an observational study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24, 180.
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Publication 2023
Elbow Epistropheus Femur Heads Kyphosis Lordosis Lumbar Region Pelvis Sacrum Shoulder Surgeons Upper Extremity Vertebral Body Vertebral Column X-Rays, Diagnostic
2
Radiological Evaluation of Lumbar Pathologies
All procedures and protocols were conducted in accordance with the principles of Helsinki Declaration, written informed consent was obtained from all participants in accordance with standard operative procedures. The study was approved by the Clinical Hospital Center Zemun- Belgrade by the number of approval 8946.
The present study was an observational cohort study of 60 patients who were prospectively recruited and divided into two groups. Patients were hospitalized at the Department of Neurosurgery at Clinical Hospital Center Zemun between 2020 and 2021 and were operated with surgical indications of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). All patients fulfilled the following criteria: 1. Age > 18 years, 2. No previous surgery on spine, 3. Diagnosis was verified by magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with history of osteoporosis, immunosuppression, chronic corticosteroid use, intravenous drug use, fever of unknown origin, history of malignancy, unexplained weight loss, or progressive/disabling symptoms were excluded from the study. All patients were operated by one neurosurgeon (V. A.). The LF samples were obtained from the 60 patients randomized in 2 groups. The first group underwent micro-discectomy for LDH and included LF samples from 30 patients (LDH group). The second group underwent decompressive surgery without instrumented fusion for LSS and included LF samples from 30 patients (LSS group). In the patients with multisegmental stenosis, samples were taken from the radiologically determined site of greatest stenosis. While every effort was made to remove the LF en-bloc, in the majority of cases, the LF was removed piecemeal.
Demographic and clinical data were obtained using a pre-prepared questionnaire as well as data from medical history. Morphological/radiological data were obtained by measuring specific parameters on magnetic resonance imaging—T2 sequences, performed by two experienced radiologists, after several repeated measurements. The examined morphological/radiological parameters measured on the sagittal image projection of the lumbosacral spine region were presence of Schmorl's nodes, vertebral body hemangioma, spondylolisthesis, and value of lumbar lordosis angle. Other measurements were performed at the axial image section where the degree of discal herniation or spinal stenosis were most prominent and included: interfacet distance, thickness of LF on both sides, dural laterolateral (LL) diameter and anteroposterior (AP) diameter of dural sac, average facet joint angle, and dural sac surface. The scoliosis angle was also determined using the standard Cobbs method on the coronary sections of spine magnetic resonance imaging of the patients30 (link). Spondylolisthesis was determined as a percentage of vertebral body slippage. Lumbar lordosis angle was also determined using the standard Cobbs method30 (link). The determination of the other mentioned parameters is shown in Fig. 2.

Measurement of (A) ligamentous interfacet distance, (B) anteroposterior diameter of dural sac, (C) laterolateral diameter of dural sac, (D) thickness of LF on both sides, (E) average facet joint angle measured according to formula: (a + b)/2, (F) dural sac surface.

Aleksić V., Todorović J., Miladinović N., Aleksić N., Bogosavljević V., Đurović M., Kocić S., Aleksić R, & Joković M. (2023). Ligamentum flavum analysis in patients with lumbar discus hernia and lumbar spinal stenosis. Scientific Reports, 13, 3804.
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Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Diagnosis Diskectomy Facet Joint Fever of Unknown Origin Heart Hemangioma Immunosuppression Intervertebral Disk Displacement Laminectomy Ligaments Lordosis Lumbar Region Lumbosacral Region Malignant Neoplasms Neurosurgeon Neurosurgical Procedures Operative Surgical Procedures Osteoporosis Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Radiologist Scoliosis Spinal Stenosis Spondylolisthesis Stenosis Vertebral Body Vertebral Column X-Rays, Diagnostic
3
Spinal Sagittal Parameter Measurement Protocol
Measurements of spinal sagittal parameters were illustrated in Fig. 1, covering: (1) T1 slope (T1S), the angle between the superior endplate of T1 and the horizontal line; (2) thoracic kyphosis (TK), the Cobb angle between the superior endplate of T4 and the inferior endplate of T12; (3) LL, the Cobb angle between the superior endplates of both L1 and S1; (4) sacral slope (SS), the angle between the superior endplate of the sacrum and the horizontal line; (5) pelvic tilt (PT), the angle between the line linking the midpoint of the superior endplate of S1 and the center of the femoral heads and vertical line; (6) PI, the angle between the line linking the midpoint of the superior endplate of S1 and the center of the femoral heads and the line vertical to the superior endplate of the sacrum; (7) SVA, the distance between the posterosuperior corner of S1 and the vertical line from the C7 body center; (8) segmental lumbar lordosis (SLL), the Cobb angle between the superior endplate of L4 and the inferior endplate of L5; and (9) slip percentage (SP), the ratio of the interval between two extended lines of the posterior aspect of L4 and L5 to the length of the superior endplate of L5. The ratio of PT to PI (PT/PI) suggests the degree of pelvic compensation [17 (link)].

Measurements of sagittal parameters enrolled in the present study. A Global sagittal parameters. SVA, sagittal vertical axis; T1S, T1 slope; TK, thoracic kyphosis; LL, lumbar lordosis; SS, sacral slope; PT, pelvic tilt; PI, pelvic incidence. B SLL, segmental lumbar lordosis. C SP, slip percentage

Wang D.F., Chen X.L., Han D., Kong C, & Lu S.B. (2023). The effect of sagittal alignment, coronal balance, and segmental stability on preoperative patient-reported outcomes in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. BMC Surgery, 23, 48.
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Publication 2023
Epistropheus Femur Heads Human Body Kyphosis Lordosis Lumbar Region Pelvis Sacrum Venous Catheter, Central
4
CT-Guided Ozone Injection for Spinal Cysts
All CT-guided interventions were performed at our out-patient clinic by a single interventional radiologist with a 25 years’ experience in spine disease and treatments.
Patient was placed in the prone position, with a support under the belly in order to prevent excessive back lordosis. Low-dose CT scan of the lumbar region was performed.
Following the conclusion of procedural planning, sterile disinfection of the lumbar region was obtained. Local anaesthesia was routinely not performed.
The LFSC was accessed with a 22G Chiba needle, via a transforaminal approach for foraminal cysts, and ipsilateral or contralateral translaminar approach for medially placed lesions.
Additional low dose CT scans were performed to guide needle positioning until the cyst was entered; aspiration of the cyst was then performed followed by injection of 1-2 mL of gas mixture (2% O3, 98% O2). Final CT scan was then performed to confirm cyst rupture and gas leakage in the epidural space and facet joint (Figure 1 and 2).
When a transforaminal access was used, additional administration of 8 mL of ozone gas mixture and 2 mL of corticosteroid/local anaesthetic was performed after withdrawal of the needle into the foraminal space.
Patients were then discharged after a brief observation interval of 2 hours and referred for follow-up assessment.
Masala S., Lacchè A., Salimei F., Ursone A., Pipitone V., Masino F., D’Arma G.M, & Guglielmi G. (2023). CT-guided ozone mixture injection in treatment of symptomatic lumbar facet synovial cysts. Acta Bio Medica : Atenei Parmensis, 94(1), e2023025.
Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Cyst Disinfection Facet Joint Local Anesthesia Lordosis Lumbar Region Needles Outpatients Ozone Patients Radiologist Spaces, Epidural Spinal Diseases Sterility, Reproductive X-Ray Computed Tomography
5
Evaluating Spinal Fusion Outcomes
The demographic and clinical data of patients, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), surgical segment, operation time, blood loss volume, drainage tube placement time, length of hospital stay, the total cost of hospitalization, and complications, were collected from the medical records. The weighted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) [16 (link)] and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status classification (ASA) [17 (link)] were used to assess the preoperative physical condition of these patients.
The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for back and leg pain [18 (link)], the validated simplified Chinese version of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) [19 (link)], and the validated simplified Chinese version of Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) [20 (link)] were collected before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. SF-36 was divided into 2 parts for statistical analysis: Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS). The improvement value was used as the indexes of clinical outcomes and defined as the change between the score at follow-up and the preoperative score.
The preoperative radiographic data included all-spine lateral radiograph, extension-flexion lateral radiograph, lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone density test. An immediate postoperative lumbar lateral radiograph was performed to determine if the screws were positioned correctly. All-spine lateral X-rays were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months. A lumbar MRI was performed at 6 and 12 months. Lumbar computed tomography (CT) was performed at 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative all-spine lateral radiographs were used to evaluate the sagittal parameters and implant-related complications and to record the preoperative osteoporotic compression vertebra fractures (OVF) and the postoperative new-onset OVF. All sagittal spino-pelvic parameters were collected, including sagittal vertical axis (SVA), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), upper thoracic kyphosis angle (T2-T5), lower thoracic kyphosis angle (T5-T12), thoracolumbar lordosis angle, and lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) (T12-S1) at each follow-up time point [21 (link)]. The bone union status was assessed using the postoperative CT. The Pfirrmann index was used to grade the degree of adjacent disc degeneration from levels 1 to 8 [22 (link)]. The middle part of the disc was selected in T2WI sagittal lumbar MRI images to obtain the Pfirrmann index to ensure consistency of grading criteria. For patients without L5/S1 fusion, the Pfirrmann index was defined as the average of the upper and lower adjacent segment discs. For patients with L5/S1 fusion, the Pfirrmann index referred to the upper adjacent segment disc.
Li K., Han X., Zhang H., Chen X., Xu D, & Li Z. (2023). Comparison of Lumbar Fusion Surgical Outcomes Between Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ≥80 Versus 65–79 Years Old. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 29, e938837-1-e938837-10.
Publication 2023
Anesthesiologist Blood Volume Bone Density Bones Chinese Disabled Persons Drainage Epistropheus Fracture, Compression Hospitalization Index, Body Mass Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Kyphosis Lordosis Lumbar Region Operative Surgical Procedures Osteoporotic Fractures Pain Patients Pelvis Physical Examination Sacrum Vertebra Vertebral Column X-Ray Computed Tomography X-Rays, Diagnostic

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More about "Lordosis"

Lordosis, also known as swayback or hollow back, is a spinal condition characterized by an abnormal inward curvature of the lower back.
This condition can result in pain, discomfort, and postural issues.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, to optimize their Lordosis studies.
PubCompare.ai can help locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
This innovative tool can enhance reproducibility and accuracy in Lordosis studies, supporting researchers in their efforts to understand and manage this condition.
When conducting Lordosis research, researchers may also find the following tools and software useful: SPSS version 20, SPSS software, MATLAB, SPSS version 17.0, SPSS Statistics 20, and the Clydesdale Spinal System.
Additionally, related terms and concepts such as Progesterone and Estradiol benzoate may be relevant to certain Lordosis studies.
By incorporating these insights and resources, researchers can improve the quality and impact of their Lordosis research, ultimately leading to better understanding and management of this spinal condition.