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MELAS Syndrome

MELAS Syndrome is a rare mitochondrial disorder characterized by Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes.
This progressive condition can lead to a range of neurological and muscular symptoms, including seizures, dementia, and muscle weakness.
Through PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol optimization, researchers can enhance the accuracy of their MELAS studies by quickly identifying the most effective research protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This intelligent comparison platform helps optimize the research process and deliver deeper insights into this complex disorder.

Most cited protocols related to «MELAS Syndrome»

1
Multi-Assay Evaluation of Mosquito Insecticide Resistance
For the initial optimisation of each assay mosquitoes were either obtained from two laboratory colonies, Kisumu (susceptible line from Kenya) and RSP (homozygous for the East African kdr mutation), or were field-caught samples from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya and Cameroon. Genotypes of individuals were confirmed by sequencing of the relevant region of the para-type sodium channel gene as described previously [12 (link)].
All detection assays were performed on a standard 96 well test plate. The 96 sample test plate was comprised of genomic DNA of representative mosquito individuals of all the known kdr genotypes including three individuals heterozygous for both the east and west kdr alleles. The plate included DNA from An. gambiae s.s (both S and M forms) An. arabiensis, Anopheles quadriannulatus, Anopheles melas, Anopheles merus and Anopheles funestus. The amount of DNA was variable between samples to test the sensitivity of each assay. DNA concentration was determined by absorption at 260 nm using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies). The plate also included a number of Plasmodium falciparum DNA samples and water blanks as negative controls. The details of each of the 96 samples (including species, molecular form, collection location, DNA concentration and kdr genotype) is given in Additional file 1. This information was withheld from the persons who carried out the testing of each assay to ensure no bias occurred in the scoring of results. For all samples DNA was extracted from single mosquitoes using either the Livak or Ballinger Crabtree methods [26 (link),27 (link)] or DNAzol reagent (Molecular Research Center, Inc) at one-fifth the recommended reagent volume for each extraction. The DNAs were resuspended in either TE buffer or sterile water at volumes between 100 and 200 μl. Species identification was carried out using an established PCR assay [28 (link)] and specimens had been assigned a putative kdr genotype by AS-PCR [11 (link),12 (link)], HOLA [22 (link)] or DNA sequencing. After the blind genotyping trials any samples of ambiguous kdr genotype were sequenced.
Bass C., Nikou D., Donnelly M.J., Williamson M.S., Ranson H., Ball A., Vontas J, & Field L.M. (2007). Detection of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in Anopheles gambiae: a comparison of two new high-throughput assays with existing methods. Malaria Journal, 6, 111.
Publication 2007
Alleles Anopheles Biological Assay Buffers Culicidae DNA DNA, A-Form East African People Genes Genome Genotype Heterozygote Homozygote Hypersensitivity MELAS Syndrome Mutation Plasmodium falciparum Sodium Channel Sterility, Reproductive Visually Impaired Persons
2
Molecular Characterization of Anopheles gambiae Complex
The study was carried out on A. gambiae s.s. M- and S-form adults collected between 1998 and 2006 in 11 African Countries (Figure 1, Table 1). Ten specimens of other species of A. gambiae complex, i.e. A. arabiensis from Senegal and Zimbabwe [5 (link),36 (link)], A. melas from Angola [10 (link)] and A. quadriannulatus A from Zimbabwe [36 (link)] were also analysed.
A cross between females of the GA-CAM (a M-form colony originated from field gravid females collected in Cameroon) and males of the GA-BF-5.7 colonies (a S-form colony originated from a single field gravid female collected in Burkina Faso) was performed and parental individuals and F1 hybrid females were analysed.
Santolamazza F., Mancini E., Simard F., Qi Y., Tu Z, & della Torre A. (2008). Insertion polymorphisms of SINE200 retrotransposons within speciation islands of Anopheles gambiae molecular forms. Malaria Journal, 7, 163.
Publication 2008
Adult Females Hybrids Males MELAS Syndrome Negroid Races Parent Pregnant Women
3
PD-L1 Expression Assessment Methods
PD-L1 expression levels were evaluated in pretreatment samples by IHC staining by using the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx kit (Agilent Technologies) in the pan-tumor and HNSCC cohorts (39 (link)); expression levels were reported as the CPS, defined as the number of PD-L1–positive cells (tumor cells, lymphocytes, macrophages) divided by the total number of tumor cells × 100. CPS was previously reported as a percentage and is now reported as an equivalent unitless measure. This assay differs from the one used to determine PD-L1 positivity (≥1%, modified proportion score or interface pattern, QualTek IHC) for enrollment eligibility as described above for the pan-tumor and HNSCC clinical cohorts (58 (link)). For the mela-noma cohort, PD-L1 levels were assessed by IHC by using the MEL score, and positivity was defined as a score of ≥2 membranous PD-L1 staining in at least 1% of tumor and tumor immune cells (59 (link)).
Cristescu R., Mogg R., Ayers M., Albright A., Murphy E., Yearley J., Sher X., Liu X.Q., Lu H., Nebozhyn M., Zhang C., Lunceford J.K., Joe A., Cheng J., Webber A.L., Ibrahim N., Plimack E.R., Ott P.A., Seiwert T.Y., Ribas A., McClanahan T.K., Tomassini J.E., Loboda A, & Kaufman D. (2018). Pan-tumor genomic biomarkers for PD-1 checkpoint blockade–based immunotherapy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 362(6411), eaar3593.
Publication 2018
Biological Assay CD274 protein, human Cells Eligibility Determination Lymphocyte Macrophage MELAS Syndrome Neoplasms Noma Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Tissue, Membrane
4
Optimizing Anopheles Mosquito Identification
For the initial optimization of each assay, field-caught mosquito specimens from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Cameroon and Malawi were used in addition to samples obtained from two laboratory colonies, Kisumu and RSP. These samples included several samples of each of An. gambiae s.s, An. arabiensis, An. quadriannulatus species A, An. melas and An. merus. Samples of the Ethiopian An. quadriannulatus species B and An. bwambae were not tested in this study because of their more limited distribution.
The blind species identification trials were performed using five 96 well test plates containing 466 samples. Samples were field collected from Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, Malawi, Sao Tome, La Reunion, Tanzania, Sudan, Angola, Burkina Faso, Gabon, and Mozambique. These samples had been initially identified to species at the time of collection using the standard PCR method and included 169 An. gambiae s.s., 173 An. arabiensis, 66 An. quadriannulatus, and 21 samples of An. melas and An. merus, the remaining samples were either undetermined or negative controls. This information was withheld from the persons who carried out the testing of each assay to ensure no bias occurred in the scoring of results. For all samples DNA was extracted from single mosquitoes using either the Livak or Ballinger Crabtree methods [19 (link),20 (link)]; DNAzol reagent (Molecular Research Centre, Inc) at one-fifth the recommended reagent volume for each extraction or using a crude boil and centrifugation protocol. This was a variant of the STE method of O'Neill et al. [21 (link)] in which samples were ground in STE buffer (100 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH8.0, 1 mM EDTA, pH8.0), heated to 95°C for 5 mins, centrifuged for 3 mins at 13,000 rpm and the supernatant used directly as PCR template. The DNAs were resuspended in either TE buffer or sterile water at volumes between 100 and 200 μl. To determine the sensitivity of the three identification methods a dilution series of the DNA from each of the five main species in the Anopheles gambiae complex was included in the trial. For this, DNA preparations were diluted to 20 ng/ul (as determined by absorption at 260 nm using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, NanoDrop Technologies). The samples were then serially diluted down to a 1 in 1 × 06 dilution.
Bass C., Williamson M.S., Wilding C.S., Donnelly M.J, & Field L.M. (2007). Identification of the main malaria vectors in the Anopheles gambiae species complex using a TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Malaria Journal, 6, 155.
Publication 2007
Anopheles gambiae Biological Assay Buffers Centrifugation Culicidae DNA, A-Form Edetic Acid Furuncles Hypersensitivity MELAS Syndrome Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive Technique, Dilution Tromethamine Visually Impaired Persons
5
Malaria Surveillance and Intervention Tracking in Bioko
Surveillance was based on a system of sentinel areas surrounding the sites shown in Figure 1,14 (link),16 (link) which include 86% of all houses in Bioko according to a recent census carried out by BIMCP. The 2004 mortality survey did not include three sites (Moca, Santa Maria, and Punta Europa), representing ~9.5% of households; data from these three sites were excluded from all comparisons of the 2004 and 2008 mortality data.
Surveys were carried out on random cross-sections of households in each of the sentinel areas in February to April of each year from 2004 to 2008 using a survey instrument adapted from the malaria indicator survey developed by the Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group.23 Houses were sampled systematically from hand-drawn maps in 2004 and 2005 and sampled randomly from lists constructed at each sentinel site by enumerating all households using personal digital assistants (PDAs) equipped with global positioning systems (GPSs) in 2006 and 2007. In 2008, households were randomly sampled from census lists in each sentinel site. Subject to informed written consent from a responsible person, children 2 to < 15 years of age had their hemoglobin measured (HemoCue, Ängelholm, Sweden) and were tested for P. falciparum using ICT malaria rapid tests (R&R, Cape Town, South Africa). Children testing positive for parasitemia, with hemoglobin < 11 g/dL, or who were febrile were referred to a local field clinic for appropriate treatment (anti-malarial, anti-pyretic, or iron supplementation).
In 2004 and 2008, women of reproductive age from survey households were asked about history of their previous live births using the standard child mortality module of the Demographic and Health Surveys questionnaire.24 On a subsample of households, extensive information on household wealth, income, and expenditure was collected in 2004. Principal source of lighting, acting as a proxy indicator of household wealth, was collected from the sub-sample of households in 2004, and from all sampled houses in 2008.
Window traps were fitted to bedrooms of ~100 houses to monitor mosquito vector species, relative abundance, sporozoite prevalence, and molecular markers of insecticide resistance, as described in more detail elsewhere.15 (link) We report here on changes in sporozoite prevalence in malaria vector mosquitoes, which was measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.25 (link),26 (link) Mean prevalence of sporozoites was calculated for specimens grouped by date of spraying at the locality of capture, resulting in a pre-spray period, and periods separated by the timing of Rounds 2, 4, and 6. Sporozoite-positive Anopheles melas were found in one site only (Riaba); we have therefore restricted the data for this species to this site.
The timing of the main intervention and monitoring activities is shown in Figure 2.
Total monthly rainfall was available from the weather station at Malabo airport, Bioko, from January 2000 and aggregated into 12-month periods from March 2000 to coincide with survey reporting intervals.
Kleinschmidt I., Schwabe C., Benavente L., Torrez M., Ridl F.C., Segura J.L., Ehmer P, & Nchama G.N. (2009). Marked Increase in Child Survival after Four Years of Intensive Malaria Control. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 80(6), 882-888.
Publication 2009
Anopheles Biological Markers Child Fever Hemoglobin Households Insecticide Resistance Iron Malaria MELAS Syndrome Microtubule-Associated Proteins Mosquito Vectors Parasitemia Polymerase Chain Reaction Reproduction Sporozoites Test, Quick Woman

Most recents protocols related to «MELAS Syndrome»

1
Mitochondrial Meganuclease Localization
Not available on PMC !

Example 7

The purpose of this experiment was to visualize engineered meganuclease localization when the nuclear localization signal (NLS) on the protein was replaced with a mitochondrial transit peptide (MTP).

8e5 MELAS cybrid cells were nucleofected with 1e6 RNA copies/cell engineered meganuclease mRNA using the Lonza 4D-Nucleofector™ (SF buffer, condition CA-137). Two engineered meganuclease constructs were compared: one without a targeting sequence and one with an MTP at the N-terminus of the protein. At 24 hours post-nucleofection the cells were stained with 50 nM MitoTracker™ Deep Red FM (ThermoFisher Scientific, M22426) and Hoechst 33342 (1:5000 dilution) for 30 minutes Cells were imaged using the Zeiss microscope using 63×Z-stack images.

Without a targeting sequence, engineered meganuclease staining appears diffuse throughout the cytoplasm and the nucleus (FIG. 19). However, when fused with a mitochondrial transit peptide, engineered meganuclease staining appears punctate and overlays with the MitoTracker staining (FIG. 20). There does not appear to be any nuclear localization of the engineered meganuclease when attached to the MTP.

With the addition of an N-terminus MTP, engineered meganucleases are effectively localized to the mitochondria.

US11866747B2. Engineered meganucleases that target human mitochondrial genomes (2024-01-09). Precision Biosciences, Inc. [US], University of Miami [US]. Inventors: James Jefferson Smith [US], Ginger Tomberlin [US], John Morris [US], Wendy Shoop [US], Carlos T. Moraes [US].
Patent 2024
Buffers Cell Nucleus Cells Cytoplasm HOE 33342 MELAS Syndrome Microscopy Mitochondria Nuclear Protein nucleoprotein, Measles virus Peptides RNA, Messenger Technique, Dilution
2
Molecular Speciation of Anopheles Mosquitoes
Molecular speciation of each vector was performed by these previous studies following different previously described PCR protocols identifying An. gambiae s.s, An. coluzzi, An. arabiensi and An. melas [23 (link), 24 (link)]. Briefly, the PCR assay involves initial amplification of ribosomal DNA specific to each of these mosquito species [23 (link)], followed by restriction enzyme digestion to discriminate An. coluzzii, An. gambiae s.s. and their hybrids (An. coluzzii-An. gambiae s.s.) [24 (link)].
Hamid-Adiamoh M., Jabang A.M., Opondo K.O., Ndiath M.O., Assogba B.S, & Amambua-Ngwa A. (2023). Distribution of Anopheles gambiae thioester-containing protein 1 alleles along malaria transmission gradients in The Gambia. Malaria Journal, 22, 89.
Publication 2023
Biological Assay Cloning Vectors Culicidae Digestion DNA, Ribosomal DNA Restriction Enzymes Hybrids MELAS Syndrome
3
Mosquito Vector Dynamics in Coastal and Savannah Regions of Ghana
This study was undertaken in two rural areas: Anyakpor and Dodowa both located in the Greater Accra region of southern Ghana (Fig. 1). Ongoing studies in these sites have revealed diverse vector species composition and larval habitat types [41 (link)]. Malaria vectors reported in these sites include An. gambiae sensu lato (incl. An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii and An. melas), Anopheles pharoensis and An. funestus s.s. as dominant in both sites [42 ].

The study sites in southern Ghana

Anyakpor (5°45′59.99ʺ N 0°36′59.99ʺ E) is a coastal village in Ada Foah in southern Ghana, and it is about 110 km from the city of Accra. It has a dry equatorial climate with temperatures ranging from 23 to 28 °C throughout the year and maximum temperatures reaching 33 °C. Its rainfall pattern is bimodal, with a long rainy season from April to June and a short rainy season from October to November with an annual rainfall of 750 mm. Anyakpor has coastal savannah type vegetation. Main farming activity in this area includes irrigated vegetable farming in low-lying areas consisting of dug-out wells and furrows that connect the wells. The area has a high-water table, and as a result water seeps into these dug-out wells, which creates breeding sites for mosquitoes.
Dodowa (5° 52′ 58.3212ʺ N 0° 5′ 52.9548ʺ W) is a community located in the savannah-forest transition zone in the Shai Osudoku District and is about 39 km from the city of Accra. It has an average temperature of 27 ℃ with a bimodal rainfall pattern like Anyakpor. It has secondary forest type vegetation with little original virgin forest left as a result of deforestation. Due to intense human activities in Dodowa, water accumulates at construction sites, unpaved roads and low-lying areas creating suitable larval habitats for mosquitoes.
Forson A.O., Hinne I.A., Sraku I.K, & Afrane Y.A. (2023). Larval habitat stability and productivity in two sites in Southern Ghana. Malaria Journal, 22, 74.
Publication 2023
Anopheles Climate Cloning Vectors Culicidae Deforestation Forests Larva Malaria MELAS Syndrome Rain Vegetables
4
Greenhouse Environmental Monitoring Protocol
The temperature, relative humidity and the PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) were monitored during the experiments in the greenhouse cabin as well as under the polytunnels in the greenhouse. To detect temperature and relative humidity, sensors (PT - 100 type B sensor, Galltec Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, Bondorf, Germany, MELA Sensortechnik GmbH Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf, Germany). were placed under four polytunnels Monitoring in the greenhouse cabin was performed by an aspiration psychrometer (Type ELAU KlimaExpert, KE-PTFF-8024-OF, Elektro- und Automatisierungsanlagen Pierre Ambrozy, Gatersleben, Germany). Five PAR sensors (photosynthetic active radiation, LI-190R Quantum Sensor, LI-COR Biosciences GmbH, Germany) were used, four placed under the polytunnels and one in the greenhouse cabin. Furthermore, the UVA and UVB transmittances inside the polytunnels were determined once during the experiment using a spectrometer (Optic Spectrometer, Ocean Optics Inc., Ostfildern, Germany), UV/VIS transmission spectra of both films were also determined before use (Figure S2) using photospectrometer (Lambda 365, PerkinElmer, Inc., Waltham, USA).
Harbart V., Frede K., Fitzner M, & Baldermann S. (2023). Regulation of carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in Lactuca sativa var capitate L. in protected cultivation. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1124750.
Publication 2023
Eye Humidity Meckel syndrome type 1 MELAS Syndrome Photosynthesis PT 100 Radiation Transmission, Communicable Disease
5
Controversy Over Kumbha Mela Amid COVID-19
A huge controversy erupted after the government decided to hold the Kumbha Mela festival amid calls for strict action over the increasing spread of infections as a second wave gripped the country. This religious gathering, held in the north Indian city of Haridwar, was attended by millions of Hindu pilgrims, who had travelled from across India to take a ritual dip in the Ganges River. This happened despite experts’ warnings that social distancing would be impossible to implement and that this pilgrimage might end up being the biggest super-spreader in history. The controversy surrounding this event and statements by different public figures promoting treatment based on religion (Mir, 2020 ) have triggered discussion of the role of religious traditions in contemporary Indian society. The Indian National Congress, one of the two major political parties in India, even criticized Prime Minister Modi for endorsing superstitions as he asked Indians to light candles to fight the spread of the virus.5 Advice posted on social media about how to treat and protect against COVID-19 using various traditional treatment methods went viral, e.g. use of cow dung and urine. However, several representatives from the scientific community issued warnings about alternative methods and called for immediate action to stop practices considered irrational, backward and religious (Daria & Islam, 2021 (link)). Such initiatives, openly advocating scientific and technocratic positions, stressed that local medicine and indigenous healing practices represent inferior traditions, with no valid place in the treatment of health-related problems.
, & Souček I. (2023). We are (not) Different from the Others: Religious Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovakia and India. Journal of Religion and Health, 62(2), 1449-1466.
Publication 2023
ARID1A protein, human COVID 19 Feces Infection Light Mason-Type Diabetes MELAS Syndrome Ministers Pharmaceutical Preparations Rivers Urine Virus

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More about "MELAS Syndrome"

MELAS Syndrome: Unlocking the Mysteries of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes MELAS Syndrome is a rare and complex mitochondrial disorder that affects the nervous system and muscles.
This progressive condition is characterized by Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes, leading to a range of debilitating symptoms.
Researchers studying MELAS Syndrome often face challenges in optimizing their research protocols to ensure accurate and insightful findings.
However, with the help of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai, scientists can now quickly identify the most effective research protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
By utilizing this intelligent comparison platform, researchers can enhance the accuracy of their MELAS studies and gain deeper insights into this intricate disorder.
The platform helps optimize the research process by highlighting the most effective protocols, which may incorporate techniques like DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum), QIAxtractor robot, DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, StemFit AK02N medium, DMEM/F12, Uridine, Apal1, Y-27632, and SB203580.
Through this AI-driven approach, researchers can unlock new understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MELAS Syndrome, leading to improved diagnosis, management, and treatment strategies for patients suffering from this debilitating condition.
OtherTerms: Mitochondrial disorder, Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like Episodes, MELAS, Neurological symptoms, Muscular symptoms, Seizures, Dementia, Muscle weakness, Research protocols, Protocol optimization, PubCompare.ai, DMEM, FBS, QIAxtractor robot, DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, StemFit AK02N medium, DMEM/F12, Uridine, Apal1, Y-27632, SB203580.