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Motor Disorders

Motor disorders are a diverse group of neurological conditions that affect the control and coordination of voluntary movements.
These disorders can impact muscle tone, reflexes, balance, and the ability to initiate and execute purposeful movements.
Common examples include Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, cerebral palsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Symptoms can vary widely but often include tremors, rigidity, spasticity, and impaired fine motor skills.
Effective management typically requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining medication, physical therapy, and assistive technologies.
Resesrch into motor disorder treatment and prevention is an active area of study, with advancements in areas like gene therapy and neural prosthetics offering promising new avenues for intervention.

Most cited protocols related to «Motor Disorders»

1
Comprehensive Consensus on Esophageal Motility Disorders
The CCv4.0 Working Group is comprised of 52 members selected by six international motility societies, representative of 20 countries. Characteristics of the working group are detailed in Supplemental Table 1. The CCv4.0 initiative was a two-year process (November 2018 to October 2020) which included three international meetings (May 2019, San Diego, CA; October 2019, Barcelona, Spain; August 2020, web-conference), multiple sub-group meetings, and seven surveys.
An initial survey conducted in January 2019 identified priority areas for update and modification from the previous 3.0 version (Supplemental Table 1). Accordingly, members were assigned to seven sub-groups: Standard HRM protocol, Achalasia, Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction (EGJOO), Distal esophageal spasm (DES), Hypercontractile esophagus, Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM), and EGJ metrics. Each sub-group was led by two co-chairs and included a non-voting member who independently reviewed supportive literature and assessed level of evidence. Co-chairs and sub-group members were tasked with developing statements to define a conclusive diagnosis of the motility disorder assigned to their sub-group, as well as to describe inconclusive scenarios for motility disorders and the value of supportive testing. These statements were based on literature review and expert consensus.
In addition to expert consensus, a priority for CCv4.0 was to utilize formally validated methodologies to determine both appropriateness of statements, and level of supportive evidence for each statement. The RAND Appropriateness Method (RAM) was utilized, with two rounds of independent electronic voting to determine appropriateness of each statement per RAM using University of California San Diego Research Electronic Database Capture (REDCap). Statements were considered appropriate when meeting ≥80% agreement, and are included in the final CCv4.0.4 (link), 5 (link) Statements with ≥85% agreement were considered strong recommendations, while those with 80 to 85% agreement were considered conditional recommendations. Statements nearly meeting criteria and/or those generating controversy were discussed at working group meetings. Additionally, statements that met criteria for inclusion in the final CCv4.0 underwent further independent evaluation to assess the level of supportive evidence, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) process, when possible.6 (link) Two experts external to the working sub-groups, one a formally trained GRADE methodologist, independently evaluated the supportive literature provided by the sub-groups. Some statements were not amenable to the GRADE process, either because of the structure of the statement or lack of available evidence.
This document summarizes the final recommendations of the CCv4.0 working group. Separate technical reviews specific to each working group will summarize the statement development process, survey results, and supporting literature. These will be published separately in future issues of Neurogastroenterology and Motility over the coming months.
Yadlapati R., Kahrilas P.J., Fox M.R., Bredenoord A.J., Gyawali C.P., Roman S., Babaei A., Mittal R.K., Rommel N., Savarino E., Sifrim D., Smout A., Vaezi M.F., Zerbib F., Akiyama J., Bhatia S., Bor S., Carlson D.A., Chen J.W., Cisternas D., Cock C., Coss-Adame E., de Bortoli N., Defilippi C., Fass R., Ghoshal U.C., Gonlachanvit S., Hani A., Hebbard G.S., Jung K.W., Katz P., Katzka D.A., Khan A., Kohn G.P., Lazarescu A., Lengliner J., Mittal S.K., Omari T., In Park M., Penagini R., Pohl D., Richter J.E., Serra J., Sweis R., Tack J., Tatum R.P., Tutuian R., Vela M.F., Wong R.K., Wu J.C., Xiao Y, & Pandolfino J.E. (2021). ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DISORDERS ON HIGH RESOLUTION MANOMETRY: CHICAGO CLASSIFICATION VERSION 4.0©. Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society, 33(1), e14058.
Publication 2021
Conferences Diagnosis Esophageal Achalasia Esophagogastric Junction Esophagus Motility, Cell Motor Disorders Process Assessment, Health Care Spasm, Esophageal
2
Neurodevelopmental Impairment Assessment Protocol

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Publication 2012
Ankle Blindness Blindness, Bilateral Child Cognition Congenital Abnormality Diagnosis Disabled Persons Dyskinesias Eye Eyeglasses Grasp Hearing Impaired Persons Hearing Loss, Bilateral Infant, Newborn Motor Disorders Motor Skills Movement Muscle Tonus Neurologic Examination Operative Surgical Procedures Parent Reflex Reflex, Tendon Spastic Speech Strabismus Systems, Nervous Vision Visually Impaired Persons
3
Parkinson's Disease Motor Progression
Baseline and follow-up Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) [59] exams were performed at a clinic near the patient’s residence or at that residence if the patient was unable to travel. Patients were examined off PD medications (i.e. overnight medication withdrawal prior to exam) whenever possible (82% of patients were off medication for baseline exam, 80% for follow-up exams). For patients and time points without an off exam, we estimated the off exam score by adding to the patient’s on exam score the difference of the study population’s mean off- and mean on-scores. At each exam 6% of PD patients were unable to perform one or more motor UPDRS exam items (e.g. patients unable to walk due to a missing lower limb); we replaced missing exam items either assuming no change from baseline to follow-up for patients with available baseline data or assuming the population mean for patients with neither baseline nor follow-up values available, an approach likely to bias our estimates towards the null and therefore a conservative approach.
Annual rate of change in UPDRS motor score was calculated as the difference of the last follow-up and the baseline motor scores divided by the interval of time (in years) between exams. We did not assume a linear association between the SNCA genetic variants and rates of motor progression since our analyses would be too crude to predict actual levels of synuclein. Therefore, given that a 5 points/year change in motor UPDRS has been reported for early untreated PD patients in placebo arms of clinical trials [2] (link) and is considered a clinically relevant change when assessing improvement due to treatment [60] (link), we defined “fast” motor symptom decline as a 5 or more point increase in the annual rate of change.
Ritz B., Rhodes S.L., Bordelon Y, & Bronstein J. (2012). α-Synuclein Genetic Variants Predict Faster Motor Symptom Progression in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e36199.
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Publication 2012
alpha-Synuclein Arm, Upper Disease Progression Genetic Diversity Lower Extremity Motor Disorders Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Synucleins
4
Visual Motion Coherence Perception Protocol
Stimuli were presented triggered to the heartbeat of the animal for 2 s and camera frames were collected during the entire stimulation period. We will denote such a single stimulation period and the corresponding data acquisition as a trial here. Each trial consisted of 1 s stimulation with an isoluminant gray screen followed by stimulation with fields of randomly positioned dots (dot size: 0.23° visual angle; 384 dots distributed over an area of 30° (vertical) by 40° (horizontal) visual angle) moving coherently in one of eight different directions at 16 degree/s. Stimuli were presented in blocks of 16 trials, consisting of eight trials using the stimuli described before and an additional eight trials which consisted only of the presentation of the isoluminant gray screen for 2 s (“blank trials”). Each motion direction condition was presented eight times in total (eight trials), resulting in the presentation on 64 stimulus trials and 64 blank trials in total. Of the presented set of eight stimulus types, seven were used for the final analysis, as the computational process for one condition did not finish on time before local compute clusters were taken down for service.
Wibral M., Lizier J.T., Vögler S., Priesemann V, & Galuske R. (2014). Local active information storage as a tool to understand distributed neural information processing. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 8, 1.
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Publication 2013
Animals Motor Disorders Pulse Rate Reading Frames
5
Estimating Local Active Information Storage in Neural Activity
Estimation of LAIS was performed using the open source Java information dynamics toolkit (JIDT) (Lizier, 2012 ), with a history parameter kmax of ten time points, spaced 2 samples, or (2/150 Hz)= 13.3 ms, apart. The total history length thus covered 133 ms, or roughly one cycle of a neural theta oscillation, which seems to be a reasonable time horizon for a downstream neural population that ultimately must assess these states. To enable LAIS estimation from a sufficient amount of samples, we considered the data pixels as homogeneous variables executing comparable state transitions, such that the pixels form a physical ensemble in terms of information storage dynamics. Pooling data over pixels thus enables an ensemble estimate of the PDFs in question. This approach seems justified as all pixels reported activity from a single brain area (area 18 of cat visual cortex, see below). Mutual information was estimated using a box kernel-estimator (Kantz and Schreiber, 2003 (link)) with a kernel width of 0.5 standard deviations of the data.
Here we assume that the neural system is at least capable of exploiting the statistics arising from the stimulation given throughout the experiment and thus construct PDFs from all data (time points and pixels) for a given condition. Therefore, we pool data over the full time course from −1 to 1 s of the experiment. Thus, each image of the VSD data had a spatial configuration of 67 × 137 spatial data pixels after removal of the two rows/columns on each side of an image because of the median filter that was applied. Each trial (of a total of eight trials per condition) resulted in 288 LAIS values, based on an original data length of 298 samples and a history length (state dimension) of 10 pixels. The product of final image size and LAIS samples resulted in 2.64 · 106 data points per trial for the estimation of the PDF for each of the eight motion direction conditions. Due to computational limitations, LAIS estimates were performed on two blocks of four trials separately, resulting in 1.06 · 107 data points entering the estimation in JIDT.
Wibral M., Lizier J.T., Vögler S., Priesemann V, & Galuske R. (2014). Local active information storage as a tool to understand distributed neural information processing. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 8, 1.
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Publication 2013
A 137 Brain Motor Disorders Nervousness Physical Examination Systems, Nervous Visual Cortex

Most recents protocols related to «Motor Disorders»

1
Cognitive Function Assessment in Transylvania
A cross-sectional quantitative survey was performed in Harghita County (Transylvania, Romania). The patients were recruited from three randomly chosen settlements (Joseni, Ciumani and Lăzarea) with the help of general practitioners of these villages. All of the patients were informed about the purpose of the study and the voluntary nature of the participation. Participants gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. The protocol of the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Babeș-Bolyai (RO) and by the Code of Deontology for the professions of psychologists, elaborated by the Romanian College of Psychologists. Cognitive functions were assessed independently for each participant by accredited clinical psychologists. Inclusion criteria were: 1) ages between 35 and 65 years [8 (link), 9 ], 2) diagnosed with T2D or hypertension or both (comorbid T2D and hypertension) according to the standards of the American Diabetes Association (2020) [10 (link)] and according to the standards of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines [11 ], respectively, and 3) diabetes and/or hypertension duration at least 5 years. From this study, patients were excluded with 1) any medical illnesses other than T2D, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity, 2) a history of hypoglycemic coma or complications of diabetes, 3) primary neurological condition as history of transient ischemic attacks, cerebrovascular stroke or epilepsy or psychiatric disease, 4) previous serious head injury, 5) any sensory or motor disorder that would preclude psychological testing (including blindness), 6) regular treatment with any medications known to have psychoactive effect, and 7) drug or alcohol abuse. The control group was made up of people who applied at the invitation of the municipality's management and did not have a chronic illness. Their health status was checked at the health clinic of the municipality.
The patients were divided into three groups: a group with T2D, a group with hypertension and a group with both diseases. The control group was specifically recruited from the settlement where the patients were registered.
Kálcza Jánosi K, & Lukács A. (2023). Independent and interactive effect of type 2 diabetes and hypertension on memory functions in middle aged adults. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 23, 59.
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Publication 2023
Abuse, Alcohol Blindness Cardiovascular System Cerebrovascular Accident Cognition Comatose Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Craniocerebral Trauma Diabetes Mellitus Disease, Chronic Dyslipidemias Epilepsy Ethics Committees General Practitioners High Blood Pressures Hypoglycemic Agents Mental Disorders Motor Disorders Nervous System Disorder Obesity Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Transient Ischemic Attack
2
Magnetoencephalography Data Preprocessing and Source Reconstruction
MEG data pre-processing and source reconstruction were performed using the FieldTrip toolbox (Oostenveld et al., 2011 (link)) in MATLAB (The Mathworks Inc, 2018 ). A 4th order two-pass Butterworth filter was used to filter the data between 1 and 150 Hz; line noise was eliminated from the signal using a discrete Fourier transform notch filter at 60 Hz and 120 Hz. The data were then epoched from −500 to 600 ms relative to the onset of the Repeat image. To attenuate signal artefacts (e.g., ocular and cardiac), independent component analysis (ICA; ‘fastica’ function) was performed and identified components were removed manually. Following ICA, trials were excluded from analyses if: a) the signal exceeded +/-2000ft, b) initial median head position shifted >10 mm (recommended in Pang (2011) (link)). Head motion for the 1-back load condition did not significantly differ between the groups F(1, 30) = 0.31, p = 0.579, or time F(1, 30) = 0.27, p = 0.606, nor was there a group-by-time interaction F(1, 30) = 2.40, p = 0.131. We did not find any significant difference in head motion between groups nor group-by-time interaction for the 2-back condition (p > 0.05). Data from participants with>20 clean trials remaining after artefact rejection were included in subsequent analyses. For the 1-back, there were no significant difference in the number of trials included between groups F(1, 30) = 1.53, p = 0.225, or time F(1, 30) = 0.06, p = 0.802, nor was there a group-by-time interaction F(1, 30) = 0.03, p = 0.868. No significant group difference in the number of trials nor group-by-time interaction was found for the 2-back condition (p > 0.05).
Individual T1-weighted MRIs were co-registered to the participants’ MEG data. A single shell head model was generated (Nolte, 2003 (link)) for each child based on his or her anatomical MRI using SPM12 through FieldTrip. The centre-of-mass of the first 90 coordinates of the Automated Anatomical Labelling (AAL) atlas (Tzourio-Mazoyer et al., 2002 (link)) were non-linearly transformed onto equivalent subject-specific coordinates from standard template space (ICBM 152; (Fonov et al., 2011 (link)). Linearly constrained minimum variance beamforming was used to estimate the broadband timeseries at each of the 90 source locations (van Veen et al., 1997 (link)), with 5% Tikonov regularization. The neural activity index was estimated to account for the centre-of-head bias due to correlated noise (van Veen et al., 1997 (link)).
Sato J., Safar K., Vogan V.M, & Taylor M.J. (2023). Functional connectivity changes during working memory in autism spectrum disorder: A two-year longitudinal MEG study. NeuroImage : Clinical, 37, 103364.
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Publication 2023
Child Eye Head Heart Motor Disorders Nervousness Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
3
Parkinson's Disease Assessment Protocol
Demographic and clinical details were obtained during the baseline visits. Motor severity and disease severity were evaluated by the motor section of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale. The severity of depression was quantified using HAMD-17, while cognitive impairment evaluation was assessed based on MMSE. All assessments and fMRI scans were performed on the same day during the study recruitment.
Wang H., Xu J., Yu M., Zhou G., Ren J., Wang Y., Zheng H., Sun Y., Wu J, & Liu W. (2023). Functional and structural alterations as diagnostic imaging markers for depression in de novo Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1101623.
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Publication 2023
Disorders, Cognitive fMRI Mini Mental State Examination Motor Disorders Radionuclide Imaging
4
Vestibular Dysfunction Assessment in Adults
In this study, VP were diagnosed with vestibular dysfunction-related diseases at the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, between December 2021 and June 2022. Each patient had a history of dizziness or vertigo, and at least one routine vestibular function test with abnormal results, including:
The VP group mainly included common vestibular disorders such as otoliths, Meniere’s disease, sudden deafness with vertigo, and vestibular neuritis. The HC were recruited via adverts and had no history of dizziness, vertigo, or hearing impairment. For the VP and HC groups, the following exclusion criteria were applied: (1) age < 18 years; (2) inability to understand and cooperate with tests; (3) history of anxiety or depression; (4) related dementia diseases (such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia); (5) noticeable visual impairments; (6) motor dysfunction disorder (especially of the upper limbs); (7) central nervous system diseases such as cerebral infarction or neurological disease. We only included adults with concomitant vestibular dysfunction because vestibular disorders are more predominant in adults and are relatively rare in children and adolescents. Moreover, VCAS requires a certain level of cooperation and understanding; thus, we excluded individuals who could not cooperate.
All procedures in this study were approved by the hospital Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. The test duration for this study was approximately 40 min. Specifically, the weeding, maze, card rotation, and 3D driving tests took approximately 10, 10, 8, and 12 min, respectively. Appropriate breaks were provided, if necessary, during the testing period. This study was conducted in the hospital’s outpatient department. However, some of the tests were not completed because of schedule conflicts for some participants. In the maze test, a maze with a 5 × 5 difficulty was used to familiarize the participants with the test rules. Subsequently, tests of three difficulty levels were conducted, namely 8 × 8, 10 × 10, and 12 × 12. In the 3D driving test, the participants were informed about the test rules using map 1. The tests of maps 2, 3, and 4 were conducted after understanding the rules. The study was conducted on a Lenovo TB-J606F tablet with a resolution of 2,000 × 1,200 and a screen size of 11 inches.
Huang Y., Zhang X., Tang J., Xia Y., Yang X., Zhang Y., Wei C., Ruan R., Ying H, & Liu Y. (2023). Vestibular cognition assessment system: Tablet-based computerized visuospatial abilities test battery. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1095777.
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Publication 2023
Adolescent Adult Anxiety Central Nervous System Diseases Child Deafness, Sudden Dementia Dementia, Vascular Ethics Committees, Clinical Head Hearing Impairment Infarction MAP2 protein, human Maze Learning MAZE protocol Meniere Disease Motor Disorders Neck Nervous System Disorder Operative Surgical Procedures Otoconia Outpatients Patients Tablet Upper Extremity Vertigo Vestibular Diseases Vestibular Function Tests Vestibular Labyrinth Vestibular Neuronitis
5
Comparison of IEM Diagnostic Criteria
This retrospective study included 201 adults who underwent HRM testing from January 1, 2011, to June 1, 2019, at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, and were diagnosed with IEM based on CCv3.0. A gastroenterologist specialized in motility disorders (AO) reviewed each manometric tracing to confirm the diagnosis. Study exclusions included: eight patients for a prior history of achalasia, five patients for missing comorbidity and medication data from the time of IEM diagnosis, five patients for technical failure or artifacts on HRM, and nine patients for integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) > 15. This left 174 patients remaining in the study. The 174 patients meeting inclusion criteria were categorized into two groups: 128 patients met both CCv3.0 and CCv4.0 IEM criteria and were placed in group 1; 46 patients met only CCv3.0, and not CCv4.0, IEM criteria (“CCv3.0 only patients”) and were placed in group 2. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained for this study. Ethical standards for human and animal studies were not applicable to this study.
Tuan A.W., Syed N., Panganiban R.P., Lee R.Y., Dalessio S., Pradhan S., Zhu J, & Ouyang A. (2023). Comparing Patients Diagnosed With Ineffective Esophageal Motility by the Chicago Classification Version 3.0 and Version 4.0 Criteria. Gastroenterology Research, 16(1), 37-49.
Publication 2023
Adult Animals Diagnosis Esophageal Achalasia Ethics Committees, Research Gastroenterologist Homo sapiens Manometry Motor Disorders Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pressure

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More about "Motor Disorders"

Motor impairments, neuromotor conditions, movement disorders, neuromuscular diseases, locomotor dysfunctions, Parkinson's syndrome, Huntington's chorea, cerebral palsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig's disease, tremors, rigidity, spasticity, fine motor skills, SPSS v20, SPSS Statistics, MATLAB 7.0, LSM 880 confocal microscope, SPSS software, SAS v9.4, MATLAB, SPM12, TrueBeam STx system, Anthrone.
Motor disorders are a diverse group of neurological conditions that affect the control and coordination of voluntary movements.
These neuromotor impairments can impact muscle tone, reflexes, balance, and the ability to initiate and execute purposeful movements.
Common examples include Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, cerebral palsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Symptoms can vary widely but often include tremors, rigidity, spasticity, and impaired fine motor skills.
Effective management typically requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining medication, physical therapy, and assistive technologies.
Reserach into motor disorder treatment and prevention is an active area of study, with advancements in areas like gene therapy and neural prosthetics offering promising new avenues for intervention.