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Osteoarthritis, Knee

Osteoarthritis, Knee: A degenerative joint disease characterized by deterioration of the articular cartliage and related changes in the underlying bone and supporting structures.
Knee osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability, with symtpoms including pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
Effective management involves a combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical interventions tailored to the individual patient's needs.
Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are key to preserving joint function and improving quality of life.

Most cited protocols related to «Osteoarthritis, Knee»

1
KOOS: Validated Knee Assessment Tool
The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is an extension of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) [12 (link)]. KOOS was developed and is validated for several cohorts of younger and/or more active patients with knee injury and/or knee osteoarthritis [6 (link),7 (link),9 (link)]. KOOS is a 42-item self-administered self-explanatory questionnaire that covers five patient-relevant dimensions: Pain, Other Disease-Specific Symptoms, ADL Function, Sport and Recreation Function, and knee-related Quality of Life. The WOMAC pain questions are included in the subscale Pain, the WOMAC stiffness questions are included in the subscale Other Disease-Specific Symptoms and the WOMAC subscale Function is equivalent to the KOOS subscale ADL. The questionnaire, scoring manual and user's guide can be downloaded from
Roos E.M, & Toksvig-Larsen S. (2003). Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) – validation and comparison to the WOMAC in total knee replacement. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1, 17.
Publication 2003
Degenerative Arthritides Injuries Knee Knee Injuries Osteoarthritis, Knee Pain Patients Youth
2
Risk of Symptomatic Knee OA in Obese Individuals
We tested our methodology using a case study in which we calculated the risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in obese persons by age groups. The overall risk of symptomatic knee OA by age group was derived from Oliveria et al [4 (link)]. This article reports on one of the largest population-based studies that estimates the risk of symptomatic knee OA with a cohort of more than 130,000 members of a community health plan. The relative risk of symptomatic knee OA for obese persons (1.91) and proportion obese (0.371) was derived from Niu et al [5 (link)]. This study provides one of the most current estimates of the relative risk of symptomatic knee OA by obesity status and also had a substantial sample size (N = 2,660). Since the study by Niu and colleagues only studied those ages 50-79, we limited our analysis to those ages 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79.
Reichmann W.M., Gagnon D., Horsburgh C.R, & Losina E. (2011). Evaluation of exposure-specific risks from two independent samples: A simulation study. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11, 1.
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Publication 2011
Age Groups Community Health Planning Obesity Osteoarthritis, Knee
3
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
Knee-specific complaints were obtained by the Swedish version LK 1.0 of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) [4 (link)]. The KOOS is a 42-item self-administered knee-specific questionnaire assessing pain (9 items), symptoms (7 items), activities of daily living (17 items), sport and recreation function (5 items) and knee-related quality of life (4 items) in five separate subscales (for the KOOS questionnaire see Additional file: 1). Each item is responded to by marking one of five response options on a Likert scale. The WOMAC LK 3.0 [10 ] items are included in the first three KOOS subscales. KOOS has been validated for short- and long-term follow-up studies of knee injury and OA [3 (link)-5 (link)]. KOOS was considered reliable and responsive for assessment of knee complaints in a recent comparative review of knee-specific outcome measures [11 (link)].
Paradowski P.T., Bergman S., Sundén-Lundius A., Lohmander L.S, & Roos E.M. (2006). Knee complaints vary with age and gender in the adult population. Population-based reference data for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 7, 38.
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Publication 2006
Degenerative Arthritides Injuries Knee Knee Injuries Osteoarthritis, Knee Pain
4
Estimating Heritability of Osteoarthritis Traits
To investigate the narrow sense heritability for the four osteoarthritis disease definitions, we ran LDscore42 (link), which uses summary statistics at common-frequency variants genome-wide (independent of P value thresholds) and LD estimates between variants while accounting for sample overlap. To calculate the population prevalence in the UK (65 million people), we consulted Arthritis Research UK figures: 8.75 million people have symptomatic osteoarthritis, while 2.46 and 4.11 million people have osteoarthritis of the hip and the knee, respectively. We assumed that 2.46+4.11 million people have osteoarthritis of the hip and/or the knee. We estimated the phenotypic variance explained by the 99previously and newly reported variants that reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis between UK Biobank and arcOGEN, as a function of allele frequency (Figure 2; Supplementary Table 17). The phenotypic variance explained by a variant is) ln(OR)2 × 2 × EAF × (1 − EAF), where ln(OR) is the natural logarithm of the OR of the variant in the meta-analysis and EAF is its weighted effect allele frequency across UK Biobank and arcOGEN. Variants associated with hip osteoarthritis tend to have larger effect size estimates and hence explain more of the phenotypic variability (Figure 2; Supplementary Table 17). The hip osteoarthritis dataset is the smallest in both the UK Biobank and arcOGEN cohorts (18% and 59% fewer cases compared to knee osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis at any joint in UK Biobank, respectively).
Tachmazidou I., Hatzikotoulas K., Southam L., Esparza-Gordillo J., Haberland V., Zheng J., Johnson T., Koprulu M., Zengini E., Steinberg J., Wilkinson J.M., Bhatnagar S., Hoffman J.D., Buchan N., Süveges D., Yerges-Armstrong L., Smith G.D., Gaunt T.R., Scott R.A., McCarthy L.C, & Zeggini E. (2019). Identification of new therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis through genome-wide analyses of UK Biobank. Nature genetics, 51(2), 230-236.
Publication 2019
Arthritis Degenerative Arthritides Genome Hereditary Diseases Joints Knee Joint Osteoarthritis, Knee Osteoarthritis Of Hip Phenotype
5
UK Biobank Osteoarthritis Genetic Study
UK Biobank’s scientific protocol and operational procedures were reviewed and approved by the North West Research Ethics Committee (REC Reference Number: 06/MRE08/65). The 1st UK Biobank release of genotype data includes ~150,000 volunteers between 40-69 years old from the UK, genotyped at approximately 820,967 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). 50,000 samples were genotyped using the UKBiLEVE array and the remaining samples were genotyped using the UK Biobank Axiom array (Affymetrix; see URLs ). The UK Biobank Axiom is an update of UKBiLEVE and the two arrays share 95% of their content. In total, after sample and SNP quality control (QC), which was carried out centrally, 152,763 individuals and 806,466 directly typed SNPs remained. Phasing, imputation and derivation of principal components were also carried out centrally. Briefly, the combined UK10K/ 1000 Genomes Project haplotype reference panel was used to impute untyped variants through the IMPUTE3 program (see URLs). Following imputation, the number of variants reached 73,355,667 in 152,249 individuals. We performed additional quality control (QC) checks. We excluded samples with call rate ≤97%. We checked samples for gender discrepancies, excess heterozygosity, relatedness, ethnicity and we removed possibly contaminated and withdrawn samples. Following QC, the number of individuals was 138,997. We excluded 528 SNPs that had been centrally flagged as subject to exclusion due to failure in one or more additional quality metrics.
To define osteoarthritis cases, we used the self-reported status questionnaire and the Hospital Episode Statistics data (Supplementary Table 3; Supplementary note). We conducted five osteoarthritis discovery GWAS and one sensitivity analysis, and the case strata were: self-reported osteoarthritis at any site n=12,658; sensitivity analysis (a random subset of the self-reported cohort equal to the sample size of the hospital diagnosed cohort) n=10,083; hospital-diagnosed osteoarthritis at any site based on ICD10 and/or ICD9 hospital records codes n=10,083; hospital-diagnosed hip osteoarthritis n=2,396; hospital-diagnosed knee osteoarthritis n= 4,462; and hospital-diagnosed hip and/or knee osteoarthritis n=6,586. We applied exclusion criteria to minimise misclassification in the control datasets to the extent possible (using approximately 4x the number of cases for each definition) (Supplementary Table 2, Supplementary Fig. 1). We restricted the number of controls used and did not utilise the full set of available genotyped control samples from UK Biobank in order to guard against association test statistics behaving anti-conservatively in the presence of stark case: control imbalance for alleles with minor allele count (MAC) <4004 (analogous to MAF ~0.02 in the self-reported and hospital diagnosed osteoarthritis datasets). For the control set, we excluded all participants diagnosed with any musculoskeletal disorder, or with relevant symptoms or signs, such as pain and arthritis, and selected older participants to ensure we decrease the number of controls that might be diagnosed with osteoarthritis in the future, while keeping the number of males and females balanced (Supplementary Table 1).
At the SNP level, we further filtered for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) P≤10-6, MAF≤0.001 and info score<0.4 (Supplementary Fig. 1). We tested for association using the frequentist likelihood ratio test (LRT) and method ml in SNPTEST v2.5.239 (link) with adjustment for the first 10 principal components in order to control for population structure. Power calculations were carried out using Quanto v1.2.4 (see URLs).
Zengini E., Hatzikotoulas K., Tachmazidou I., Steinberg J., Hartwig F.P., Southam L., Hackinger S., Boer C.G., Styrkarsdottir U., Gilly A., Suveges D., Killian B., Ingvarsson T., Jonsson H., Babis G.C., McCaskie A., Uitterlinden A.G., van Meurs J.B., Thorsteinsdottir U., Stefansson K., Smith G.D., Wilkinson J.M, & Zeggini E. (2018). Genome-wide analyses using UK Biobank data provide insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis. Nature genetics, 50(4), 549-558.
Publication 2018
Alleles Allelic Imbalance Arthritis Degenerative Arthritides Ethics Committees, Research Ethnicity Females Genome Genome-Wide Association Study Haplotypes Heterozygote Hypersensitivity Males Musculoskeletal Diseases Operative Surgical Procedures Osteoarthritis, Knee Osteoarthritis Of Hip Pain Voluntary Workers

Most recents protocols related to «Osteoarthritis, Knee»

1
Cartilage and Bone Defect Treatment
Not available on PMC !

Example 7

A patient with osteoarthritis of the knee or with a cartilage and/or a bone defect is treated by surgically implanting cells and matrix according to the invention.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

US11859210B2. Methods of differentiating stem cells into chondrocytes (2024-01-02). Scripps Health [US]. Inventors: Darryl D. D'Lima [US], Tsaiwei Olee [US], Clifford W. Colwell [US].
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Patent 2024
Adult Bones Cartilage Cartilages, Articular Cells Operative Surgical Procedures Osteoarthritis, Knee Ovum Implantation Patients
2
Randomized Trial of Tranexamic Acid in Knee Osteoarthritis
This prospective, two-arm, parallel group, randomized-controlled, open-label trial with 1:1 treatment allocation was performed in a single university hospital. The study was approved by the institutional review board. (Registered on 26/02/2019, registration number 3136). Before participant enrollment, the trial was registered as a randomized controlled trial with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (Registered on 9/11/2018, registration number UMIN000034842).
Patients were recruited between February 2019 and March 2021 from the patient population of a single university hospital, and eligible patients gave written informed consent. The inclusion criteria of this randomized controlled trial were patients older than 20 years with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis scheduled for MOWDTO. The exclusion criteria were as follows: previous history of DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE); patients who declared an allergy to TXA by the preoperative interview; patients scheduled for MOWDTO combined with other procedures such as implant removal, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, osteochondral autograft transfer, and autologous chondrocyte implantation.
Iseki T., Iseki T., Kanto R., Onishi S., Yoshiya S., Tachibana T, & Nakayama H. (2023). Efficacy of intravenous tranexamic acid administration in medial opening-wedge distal tibial tuberosity osteotomy (MOWDTO) for varus knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 178.
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Publication 2023
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Chondrocyte Ethics Committees, Research Hypersensitivity Inpatient Osteoarthritis, Knee Ovum Implantation Patients Pulmonary Embolism Transplantation, Autologous
3
Comparison of 1G and 2G TKA Outcomes
This was a retrospective cohort study on prospectively collected data of a sample of consecutive patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty due to end-stage osteoarthritis unresponsive to conservative treatments at a single facility by a fellowship-trained joint reconstructive surgeon. The study period was between June 2018 and March 2021. Institutional Review Board (IRB) exemption was obtained prior to study initiation. Waiver of informed consent was issued by the same IRB. There were 89 patients (121 knees) treated with 1G and 98 patients (123 knees) treated with 2G who consented to be enrolled for the study. The surgeon switched from 1G to 2G prostheses once the new implants were available to order. No changes in patient selection strategies were made once the new generations were implanted. Patients were excluded from the study if they had a history of metabolic bone disease (such as Paget’s disease of bone, severe osteoporosis), systemic conditions affecting bone density (e.g. renal osteodystrophy; inflammatory arthritis), bony defects requiring grafting, a poorly functioning contralateral TKA or revision regardless of function.
All TKAs were performed via a medial parapatellar approach using an intramedullary femoral alignment guide set at five-degrees and an extramedullary tibial alignment guide set at neutral in the coronal plane with a neutral posterior slope in the sagittal plane. All TKAs were cemented (Palacos®, Heraeus Medical, Hanau, Germany). The postoperative protocol was the same in all cases including deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, prophylactic antibiotics, and follow-up schedule (8 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and every 1 to 2 years thereafter). Physical therapy was initiated on the day of operation. Each exam was performed by the attending physician.
As per the study protocol, the surgeon switched from 1G to 2G a year into the study period. Data for demographic parameters including age, gender, race, and body mass index (BMI) were collected preoperatively. Scores from patient-reported outcome measures such as the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Survey-Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR) [10 (link)] and Knee Society clinical and radiographic scoring system (KSS) were collected at each office visit [11 (link)]. Scores from different components of KSS were reported separately. These components were objective knee score, functional score, patient satisfaction and expectation score. Intra- and post-operative complications, as well as any revisions, reoperations, and returns to operating room, were diligently recorded. All data were collected prospectively in an institutional database. This study represents a retrospective review of these prospectively collected data.
Toossi N., Bucklen B., Meding L.K, & Meding J.B. (2023). Does design change in total knee arthroplasty implants affect patient-reported outcomes?. BMC Surgery, 23, 49.
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics Arthritis Arthroplasty Arthroplasty, Replacement Bone Density Bones Condoms Conservative Treatment Deep Vein Thrombosis Degenerative Arthritides Ethics Committees, Research Fellowships Femur Gender Index, Body Mass Injuries Knee Knee Injuries Knee Replacement Arthroplasty Metabolic Bone Disease Office Visits Osteitis Deformans Osteoarthritis, Knee Osteoporosis Patients Physicians Postoperative Complications Prosthesis Renal Osteodystrophy Repeat Surgery Surgeons Surgery, Day Therapy, Physical Tibia X-Rays, Diagnostic
4
Osteoarthritis Synovial Fluid Cytokine Analysis
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, RTV 615, used as a 2-part kit with a 10:1 mixing ratio) and SU-8 photoresist were obtained from Elecoproduit (France). Sodium alginate powder (Protanal™ LF10/60FT, 60–180 ​kDa, 25–35% mannuronic acid, and 65–75% guluronic acid) was purchased from FMC Biopolymer (USA). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without calcium chloride and magnesium, Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) high glucose (4.5 ​g/L), Hank's balanced sodium salt (HBSS), penicillin-streptomycin and trypsin/EDTA (0.05%/0.53 ​mM) were purchased from Invitrogen (Paisley, UK). Fetal calf serum (FCS) was obtained from Dominique Dutscher (Brumath, France). Calcium chloride (CaCl2) was purchased from VWR, and collagenase crude type I A, agarose, and citrate sodium from Sigma Aldrich. Synovial fluids were obtained from 9 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and sampled during an arthrocentesis. Cells were removed by centrifugation before storage at −80 ​°C. The study was approved by the local ethics committee and the French Research Ministry (N°DC-2011-1399). All enrolled patients have given their formal consent. OA was diagnosed according to the EULAR criteria [38 (link)]. Patients with knee OA included 5 males and 4 females, with a mean age of 62 ​± ​8 (mean ​± ​SD). Synovial fluids were analyzed for interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using an ELISA kit (DuoSet®, R&D Systems, Canada), following the manufacturer's recommendations (Table 1).

Synovial fluid analysis. Synovial fluid from OA patients (n ​= ​9) was analyzed by ELISA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) content. KL: Kellgren Lawrence; N/A: not available. Patient inclusion criteria: adult patients (age >18 years); mechanical pain; knee joint effusion volume > 1 ​mL and abnormalities on radiological examination. Patient exclusion criterion: knee joint effusion volume < 1 ​mL.

Table 1
PatientGenderAgeKL scoreTNF-α (pg/mL)IFN-γ (pg/mL)IL-1β (pg/mL)IL-6 (pg/mL)
AFemale65N/A<3<2.3<71351
BMale64IV<3<2.3<7174
CFemale51IV3.94.1<7129
DFemale58036.6<2.31881180
EMale77III29.339.39214264
FFemale63IV<3<2.3<773
GMale580<37.5<72135
HMale54IV<3<2.3<725
IMale66N/A<3<2.3<7431
Nativel F., Smith A., Boulestreau J., Lépine C., Baron J., Marquis M., Vignes C., Le Guennec Y., Veziers J., Lesoeur J., Loll F., Halgand B., Renard D., Abadie J., Legoff B., Blanchard F., Gauthier O., Vinatier C., Rieux A.D., Guicheux J, & Le Visage C. (2023). Micromolding-based encapsulation of mesenchymal stromal cells in alginate for intraarticular injection in osteoarthritis. Materials Today Bio, 19, 100581.
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Publication 2023
Adult Arthrocentesis Biopolymers Calcium chloride calcium phosphate Calcium Phosphates Cells Centrifugation Chlorides Collagenase, Clostridium histolyticum Congenital Abnormality Degenerative Arthritides Eagle Edetic Acid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Females Fetal Bovine Serum Glucose guluronic acid Interferon Type II Interleukin-1 Knee Joint Magnesium Males mannuronic acid Osteoarthritis, Knee Pain Patients Penicillins Phosphates polydimethylsiloxane Powder Regional Ethics Committees Saline Solution Sepharose Sodium Sodium Alginate Sodium Chloride Sodium Citrate Streptomycin Synovial Fluid Trypsin Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha X-Rays, Diagnostic
5
Exploring Self-Care Experiences of Elderly Women with Knee Osteoarthritis
Research design: This qualitative study conducted from March to November 2020 in Mashhad (one of the largest cities in Iran). A total of 19 participants including 11 elderly women with knee osteoarthritis, 4 first degree relatives of them, and 4 medical staff were selected by the purposive sampling to provide the researcher with a sample to access specialized insight obtained from participants regarding their perceptions and experiences related to self-care competence in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Elderly women with knee osteoarthritis were eligible for the study based on the inclusion criteria such as being aged 65 or above, having a good mental health, ability of verbal communication, and at least a 2-year history of knee osteoarthritis. The first-degree relatives of elderly women were selected among the adults with a good physical and mental health. Inclusion criteria for the medical staff was having at least 2 years of experience in working with patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. The sampling was continued until data saturation was reached, i.e. until new information was not obtained through subsequent interviews anymore and the obtained data was duplicated. The effort was made to choose people with maximum variety of self-care activities, economic, social and educational backgrounds as well as widows, married, with and without children.
Data collection procedure: To collect the data, in-depth and semi-structured face-to-face interviews were carried out by preparation of an audio file using audio-recording software on a mobile phone. A total of 19 interviews were carried out including 11 interviews with elderly women with knee osteoarthritis, 4 interviews with their first-degree relatives, and 4 interviews with the medical staff. The interviews were conducted in the environments where privacy could be assured and participants felt more comfortable, and, at their suggestion, in places such as the physicians' offices, physiotherapy centers, and nursing homes. To facilitate the interviews, we used an interview guide which was developed based on scientific knowledge, by the investigating team and consisted of semi-structured open-ended questions. . The questions included “What is your experience of this disease?” “How do you feel about that?” “Are you able to take care of yourself despite your disease?” The main question asked from first-degree relatives and medical staff was “What are your experiences of patients' self-care ability? During data collection and analysis, some interview questions were modified or added to generate more information on potential emerging themes. Probing questions were asked for further clarification (e.g. “What do you mean?”, “Will you elaborate further?”). Silent probes allowed participants to reflect on descriptions. The duration of the interviews ranged from 35 to 50 minutes. All the interviews were conducted in Persian by the first author, a doctoral student trained in healthcare qualitative research.
Data analysis: The interviews were analyzed by the conventional content analysis method. Qualitative content analysis is a widely used method for interpreting the content of textual data through a process of systematic classification, coding, and identification of patterns or themes. Data were analyzed in five steps based on method proposed by Lundman and Graneheim (18 (link)). In the first step the interviews were read through and listened to several times by the first author to gain a sense of the whole. In the second step meaning units related to the aim were identified. In the third step the meaning units were condensed and labeled and finally coded on the basis of their content. Based on the codes, sub-categories and categories were developed in the fourth step. In the fifth step the categories were carefully discussed until main categories could be identified. The MAXQDA (Version 10) was used to organize, code, and manage the data.
Rigor of study: The criteria proposed by Lincoln and Cuba were used for establishing trustworthiness of the study findings using member checking, integrating the data sources and method integration, endorsing the coding by the colleagues familiar with qualitative research, coding, classifying similar codes and categories, transcribing the interviews as soon as possible and peer debriefing. In addition, the researcher carefully registered the research documentations to allow an external reviewer to evaluate the study.
Ethical considerations: The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics committee of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences has approved this study by the code IR.IAU.TMU.REC.2020.170. The necessary permits were obtained from the Vice Chancellor for Research in the Islamic Azad University of Tehran to introduce the researcher to the research environment. Informed and written consent were obtained from the participants for voluntary participation in the research. Participants were told that they could withdraw from the study at any time without giving a reason and their non-participation in the study did not interfere with their treatment and medical or care process. After assuring participants about the confidentiality of information and participants' consent to audio recording during the interview process, data were collected.
Kooranian F., ParsaYekta Z, & Rassouli M. (2023). Explaining the Concept of Self-Care Competence and Its Dimensions in Elderly Women with Knee Osteoarthritis in Iran: A Qualitative Study. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 33(1), 151-162.
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Publication 2023
Adult Aged Child Ethics Committees Face Feelings Medical Staff Mental Health Muscle Rigidity Osteoarthritis, Knee Patients Physical Examination Physicians Student Therapy, Physical Widow Woman

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More about "Osteoarthritis, Knee"

Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Degenerative Joint Condition Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common degenerative joint disorder characterized by the gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage and related changes in the underlying bone and supporting structures.
This condition is a leading cause of disability, often resulting in pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
Effective management of knee osteoarthritis involves a multi-faceted approach, including pharmacological interventions (e.g. analgesics, anti-inflammatories), non-pharmacological therapies (e.g. physical therapy, weight management, bracing), and, in some cases, surgical procedures (e.g. joint replacement).
Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are crucial for preserving joint function and improving the quality of life for individuals with knee OA.
Factors such as age, injury history, and underlying conditions can contribute to the development and progression of this condition.
Researchers and clinicians utilize a variety of tools and techniques to study and manage knee osteoarthritis, including diagnostic imaging (e.g.
X-rays, MRI), laboratory tests (e.g.
SPSS version 22.0, HiSeq 2000, FBS, SPSS version 21), and specialized software (e.g.
MVN Analyze, Persona, Active style Pro HJA-350IT).
By understanding the complexities of knee osteoarthritis and exploring the latest advancements in research and treatment, healthcare professionals can provide personalized, evidence-based care to patients, ultimately enhancing their mobility, reducing pain, and improving their overall quality of life.