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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lungs, typically caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
It is characterized by inflammation of the alveoli (air sacs) within the lungs, which can lead to symptoms like cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
Pneumonia can range in severity from mild to life-threatening, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among vulnerable populations like the elderly and those with underlying health conditions.
Accurate and reproducible research protocols are crucial for advancing our understanding and treatment of this common and potentially serious respiratory illness.

Most cited protocols related to «Pneumonia»

Multispecies Live-Cell Imaging and Analysis

C. crescentus, B. subtilis, A. biprosthecum, Rhodomicrobium sp, and P. hirshii were grown in PYE^{14 (link)} at 30°C. A. tumefaciens, S. venezuelae, L. lactis, were grown in LB^{15 (link)} at 30°C and E. coli was grown in LB^{15 (link)} at 37°C. M. xanthus were grown at 32°C in CYE^{16 (link)}. S. pneumonia were grown at 37°C in THY¹⁷. Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 was grown anaerobically in defined mineral medium (PM)¹⁸ supplemented with 10 mM succinate and incubated at 30°C with constant illumination from a 60 W incandescent light bulb.
Phase and fluorescence time-lapse imaging was performed on a Nikon Ti-E inverted microscope, equipped with a Plan Apo 60×, 1.40 NA, Oil, Ph3 DM objective and 1.5× magnifier. Images were acquired every 5 min, and fluorescent proteins were illuminated with a Lumencor Spectra × light engine equipped with excitation filters 470/24 (GFP), 510/25 (YFP) or 575/25 (mCherry), Chroma emission filters 510/40 (GFP), 545/30 (YFP), 530/60 (mCherry) and either a quad polychroic DAPI/FITC/Cy3/Cy5 or triple polychroic CFP/YFP/mCherry cube for Lumencor SpectraX. Images were acquired using an Andor iXon3 DU885 EM CCD camera driven by NIS Elements Advanced Research software (Nikon, Melville, NY)
Cultures from strain YB4667 CB15::pvan-ftsZ-yfp were grown in PYE medium at 30°C and induced for 2 hours with 0.5 mM vanillic acid to express FtsZ-YFP. Exponentially growing cells from this culture were spotted onto a 0.8 mm thick 1% agarose pad made with PYE medium containing 0.5 mM vanillic acid and timelapse images were acquired every 5 minutes from 16 different slide positions for 54 time points. For cell division inhibition, 30 µg/ml of cephalexin was added to the agarose pad during the imaging period.
For precision assessment of MicrobeJ, Molecular Probes FluoSpheres carboxylate-modified microspheres (F8823), 1± 0.0480 µm lot #1761288 were spotted onto a 1% agarose pad made with deionized water and images were acquired for 30 ms using the same microscope, camera and objective as cells.

Ducret A., Quardokus E.M, & Brun Y.V. (2016). MicrobeJ, a tool for high throughput bacterial cell detection and quantitative analysis. Nature microbiology, 1(7), 16077.

Publication 2016

Apolipoproteins A Cell Culture Techniques Cells Cephalexin DAPI Division, Cell Escherichia coli Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescence Incandescence Light Medulla Oblongata Microscopy Microspheres Minerals Molecular Probes Pneumonia Proteins Psychological Inhibition Rhodomicrobium Rhodopseudomonas palustris Sepharose Strains Succinate Vanillic Acid

Epidemiological Analysis of Early COVID-19 Cases

We obtained the medical records and compiled data for hospitalized patients and outpatients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19, as reported to the National Health Commission between December 11, 2019, and January 29, 2020; the data cutoff for the study was January 31, 2020. Covid-19 was diagnosed on the basis of the WHO interim guidance.¹⁴ A confirmed case of Covid-19 was defined as a positive result on high-throughput sequencing or real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens.^{1 (link)} Only laboratory-confirmed cases were included in the analysis.
We obtained data regarding cases outside Hubei province from the National Health Commission. Because of the high workload of clinicians, three outside experts from Guangzhou performed raw data extraction at Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, where many of the patients with Covid-19 in Wuhan were being treated.
We extracted the recent exposure history, clinical symptoms or signs, and laboratory findings on admission from electronic medical records. Radiologic assessments included chest radiography or computed tomography (CT), and all laboratory testing was performed according to the clinical care needs of the patient. We determined the presence of a radiologic abnormality on the basis of the documentation or description in medical charts; if imaging scans were available, they were reviewed by attending physicians in respiratory medicine who extracted the data. Major disagreement between two reviewers was resolved by consultation with a third reviewer. Laboratory assessments consisted of a complete blood count, blood chemical analysis, coagulation testing, assessment of liver and renal function, and measures of electrolytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. We defined the degree of severity of Covid-19 (severe vs. nonsevere) at the time of admission using the American Thoracic Society guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia.^{15 (link)}All medical records were copied and sent to the data-processing center in Guangzhou, under the coordination of the National Health Commission. A team of experienced respiratory clinicians reviewed and abstracted the data. Data were entered into a computerized database and cross-checked. If the core data were missing, requests for clarification were sent to the coordinators, who subsequently contacted the attending clinicians.

Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y., Hu Y., Liang W.H., Ou C.Q., He J.X., Liu L., Shan H., Lei C.L., Hui D.S., Du B., Li L.J., Zeng G., Yuen K.Y., Chen R.C., Tang C.L., Wang T., Chen P.Y., Xiang J., Li S.Y., Wang J.L., Liang Z.J., Peng Y.X., Wei L., Liu Y., Hu Y.H., Peng P., Wang J.M., Liu J.Y., Chen Z., Li G., Zheng Z.J., Qiu S.Q., Luo J., Ye C.J., Zhu S.Y, & Zhong N.S. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The New England Journal of Medicine.

Publication 2020

Biological Assay Blood Chemical Analysis Complete Blood Count COVID 19 C Reactive Protein Creatine Kinase Electrolytes Kidney Lactate Dehydrogenase Liver Nose Outpatients Patients Pharynx Physicians Pneumonia Procalcitonin Radiography, Thoracic Radionuclide Imaging Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Respiratory Rate Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase X-Ray Computed Tomography

Diagnostic Protocol for Novel Coronavirus

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Publication 2020

Adenovirus Infections Adrenal Cortex Hormones Antibiotics Bacteria Biological Assay Blood Bronchi Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Complete Blood Count COVID 19 Creatine Kinase Electrolytes Feces Genes, env Influenza Influenza in Birds isolation Kidney Lactate Dehydrogenase Liver Mechanical Ventilation Methylprednisolone Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nasal Cannula Nose Oligonucleotide Primers Oseltamivir Oxygen Parainfluenza Pathogenicity Patients Pharynx Physical Examination Physicians Pneumonia Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Respiratory Rate Respiratory Syncytial Virus Respiratory System SARS-CoV-2 Serum Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Sputum Tests, Blood Coagulation Tests, Diagnostic Therapeutics Treatment Protocols Virus Virus Release

Scalable Pneumococcal Genome Generation

A full listing of accession numbers for the 31-genome S. pneumoniae dataset is described in [36 (link)]. For scalability testing, Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 (NC_003028.3) was used to create a pseudo-outbreak clade involving 10,000 genomes evolved along a star phylogeny with on average 10 SNPs per genome.

Treangen T.J., Ondov B.D., Koren S, & Phillippy A.M. (2014). The Harvest suite for rapid core-genome alignment and visualization of thousands of intraspecific microbial genomes. Genome Biology, 15, 524.

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Publication 2014

Genome Pneumonia Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Streptococcus pneumoniae

Defining Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients

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Publication 2020

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Axilla Bacteremia Blood Blood Coagulation Disorders Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Chinese Congenital Abnormality COVID 19 Echocardiography Electrocardiography Fever Heart Heart Injuries Hospital Administration Hypersensitivity Hypoproteinemia Kidney Injury, Acute pathogenesis Patients Pneumonia Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Acute Respiratory System Seafood Secondary Infections Septicemia Septic Shock Serum Albumin Sputum Times, Prothrombin Troponin I

Most recents protocols related to «Pneumonia»

Canine Respiratory Pathology in Viral Infection

Not available on PMC !

Example 14

In contrast to the previous experimental infection using specific pathogen-free Beagles (Crawford et al., 2005), the virus-inoculated mongrel dogs had pneumonia as evidenced by gross and histological analyses of the lungs from days 1 to 6 p.i. In addition to pneumonia, the dogs had rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis similar to that described in naturally infected dogs (Crawford et al., 2005). There was epithelial necrosis and erosion of the lining of the airways and bronchial glands with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration of the submucosal tissues (FIG. 5, upper panels). Immunohistochemistry detected viral H3 antigen in the epithelial cells of bronchi, bronchioles, and bronchial glands (FIG. 5, lower panels). No bacterial superinfection was present. The respiratory tissues from the 2 sham-inoculated dogs were normal.

US11865172B2. Materials and methods for respiratory disease control in canines (2024-01-09). UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. [US], CORNELL RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. [US], The Government of The United States of America as represented by The Secretary of the Department of [US]. Inventors: Patti Cynthia Crawford [US], Paul J. Gibbs [US], Edward J. Dubovi [US], Ruben Omar Donis [US], Jacqueline Katz [US], Alexander I. Klimov [US], Nallakannu P. Lakshmanan [US], Melissa Anne Lum [US], Daniel Ghislena Emiel Goovaerts [NL], Mark William Mellencamp [US], Nancy J. Cox [US], William L. Castleman [US].

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Patent 2024

Antigens, Viral Autopsy Bacteria Bronchi Bronchioles Bronchiolitis Bronchitis Canis familiaris Epithelial Cells Immunohistochemistry Infection Lung Macrophage Necrosis Neutrophil Pneumonia Respiratory Rate Rhinitis Specific Pathogen Free Superinfection Tissues Tracheitis Virus

Isolation of Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses

Not available on PMC !

Example 8

Lung tissues from the 7 dogs were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays that detect the M gene of influenza type A and the H3 gene of canine H3N8 influenza A virus. The lungs from all 7 dogs were positive for both the influenza A M gene and the canine influenza H3 gene (Table 8). After 3 passages in MDCK cells, influenza A subtype H3N8 virus was isolated from the lungs of a shelter dog that died after 3 days of pneumonia. This virus was named A/canine/Jacksonville/05 (H3N8) (canine/Jax/05). After 2 passages in embryonated chicken eggs, influenza A subtype H3N8 virus was recovered from the lungs of the pet dog that also died after 3 days of pneumonia. This virus was named A/canine/Miami//05 (H3N8) (canine/Miami/05).

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Patent 2024

Biological Assay Canis familiaris Chickens Eggs Genes Influenza A virus isolation Lung Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells Pneumonia Pneumonia, Viral Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Tissues Virus Virus Vaccine, Influenza

Chlamydia: Diagnosis, Transmission, and Impacts

Not available on PMC !

Example 2

Chlamydia is a common STI that is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Transmission occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, but the bacterium can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. It is estimated that about 1 million individuals in the United States are infected with this bacterium, making chlamydia one of the most common STIs worldwide. Like gonorrhea, chlamydial infection is asymptomatic for a majority of women. If symptoms are present, they include unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge, pain in the abdomen, painful sexual intercourse, fever, painful urination or the urge to urinate more frequently than usual. Of those who develop asymptomatic infection, approximately half may develop PID. Infants born to mothers with chlamydia may suffer from pneumonia and conjunctivitis, which may lead to blindness. They may also be subject to spontaneous abortion or premature birth.

Diagnosis of chlamydial infection is usually done by nucleic acid amplification techniques, such as PCR, using samples collected from cervical swabs or urine specimens (Gaydos et al., J. Clin. Microbio., 42:3041-3045; 2004). Treatment involves various antibiotic regimens.

In some embodiments, the disclosed device can be used to detect chlamydial infections from menstrual blood or cervicovaginal fluids.

US11864740B2. Sample collection and preservation devices, systems and methods (2024-01-09). NextGen Jane, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Ridhi Tariyal [US], Stephen K. Gire [US].

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Patent 2024

Abdominal Pain Antibiotics Anus Asymptomatic Infections Bacteria Blindness Blood Childbirth Chlamydia Chlamydia Infections Chlamydia trachomatis Coitus Conjunctivitis Diagnosis Dysuria Fever Gonorrhea Infant Medical Devices Menstruation Mothers Neck Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques Pain Patient Discharge Pneumonia Premature Birth Sexually Transmitted Diseases Spontaneous Abortion Transmission, Communicable Disease Treatment Protocols Urine Vagina Woman

Bacterial Uptake of Radiotracer F-PABA

Not available on PMC !

Example 3

The ability of different bacterial species to take up [¹⁸F]F-PABA was studied. The radiotracer accumulated in both methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA, Newman) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), as well as the Gram negative bacteria E. coli and Klebsiela pneumoniae.

In the case of MSSA we also demonstrated that heat-killed cells were unable to take up [¹⁸F]F-PABA (FIG. 1). In contrast, [¹⁸F]F-PABA was not taken up by Enterococcus faecalis. E. faecalis has a folate salvage pathway and can take up folate from the environment. Thus, folic acid biosynthesis is dispensable in this organism, which also explains why sulfonamides are not used to treat infection by E. faecalis. These studies suggest that F-PABA uptake depends on on the de novo biosynthesis of folate.

US11857352B2. Positron imaging tomography imaging agent composition and method for bacterial infection (2024-01-02). The Research Foundation for the State University of New York [US]. Inventors: Peter Tonge [US], Zhuo Zhang [US], Peter Smith-Jones [US], Li Liu [US], Hui Wang [US].

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Patent 2024

4-Aminobenzoic Acid Anabolism Bacteria Cells Enterococcus faecalis Escherichia coli Folate Folic Acid Gram Negative Bacteria Infection Klebsiella pneumoniae Methicillin Methicillin-Resistant Pneumonia Staphylococcus aureus Sulfonamides

Sarilumab for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

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Publication 2023

Adrenal Cortex Hormones Adult Antiviral Agents Clinical Investigators Communicable Diseases COVID 19 Ethics Committees Ethics Committees, Research Inpatient Patients Pneumonia Safety sarilumab

Top products related to «Pneumonia»

Sas version 9 by SAS Institute

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SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.

Sas 9 by SAS Institute

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SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.

Escherichia coli by American Type Culture Collection

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Escherichia coli is a bacterium that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It serves as a model organism for microbiology and molecular biology research. Escherichia coli can be cultivated and studied to understand fundamental cellular processes and mechanisms.

Klebsiella pneumonia by American Type Culture Collection

Sourced in United States

Klebsiella pneumonia is a reference strain that can be used for the identification, characterization, and quality control of microbiological tests and procedures. It is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting bacterium.

Staphylococcus aureus by American Type Culture Collection

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Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial strain available in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) product portfolio. It is a Gram-positive, spherical-shaped bacterium commonly found in the human nasal passages and on the skin. This strain is widely used in research and laboratory settings for various applications.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa by American Type Culture Collection

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterial strain available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). It is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium commonly found in soil and water environments. This strain can be used for various research and testing purposes.

Enterococcus faecalis by American Type Culture Collection

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Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. It is commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract and is known for its ability to survive in diverse environments.

Spss software by IBM

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Lipopolysaccharides (lps) by Merck Group

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The LPS laboratory equipment is a high-precision device used for various applications in scientific research and laboratory settings. It is designed to accurately measure and monitor specific parameters essential for various experimental procedures. The core function of the LPS is to provide reliable and consistent data collection, ensuring the integrity of research results. No further details or interpretations can be provided while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach.

Staphylococcus epidermidis by American Type Culture Collection

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a type of bacteria commonly found on the human skin and mucous membranes. It is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, and non-spore-forming coccus. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a prevalent microorganism and is often used in research and laboratory settings for various applications.

What are the different types of pneumonia?

Pneumonia can be classified into several types based on the causative agent and the location of infection. The main types include bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, fungal pneumonia, and aspiration pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia is often caused by pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Viral pneumonia is typically caused by influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2. Fungal pneumonia can be caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus species. Aspiration pneumonia occurs when foreign material, such as food, liquid, or stomach contents, is inhaled into the lungs.

What are the common symptoms of pneumonia?

The typical symptoms of pneumonia include cough, fever, chills, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and fatigue. Patients may also experience a productive cough with mucus or phlegm, shortness of breath, and a rapid heartbeat. The specific symptoms can vary depending on the causative agent and the severity of the infection. In some cases, older adults or those with weakened immune systems may exhibit atypical symptoms, such as confusion or a lack of fever.

How can PubCompare.ai help with pneumonia research?

PubCompare.ai can revolutionize pneumonia research by helping researchers more efficiently screen protocol literature and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling researchers to choose the most effective and reproducible protocols for their specific pneumonia studies. By identifying the optimal protocols, PubCompre.ai can enhance the accuracy and quality of pneumonia research, ultimately contributing to improved understanding and treatment of this common and potentially serious respiratory illness.

What are some common challenges in pneumonia research?

One of the key challenges in pneumonia research is the diversity of causative agents and the varying severity of the disease. Researchers must navigate a vast body of literature to identify the most effective and reproducible protocols for their specific research goals. Additionally, pneumonia can present differently in different patient populations, complicating the development of standardized research approaches. Accounting for factors like age, underlying health conditions, and the specific pathogen involved can be a significant hurdle in designing robust and generalizable pneumonia studies.

More about "Pneumonia"

Pneumonia is a serious respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the alveoli (air sacs) within the lungs.
This common and potentially life-threatening illness can be caused by a variety of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and may include cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
Accurate and reproducible research protocols are crucial for advancing our understanding and treatment of pneumonia.
Researchers can utilize powerful tools like SAS version 9.4 and SPSS software to analyze data and optimize their studies.
Key pathogens associated with pneumonia include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls, is known to play a role in the inflammatory response seen in pneumonia.
Staphylococcus epidermidis, a common commensal bacterium, has also been implicated in some cases of pneumonia.
By leveraging the latest research and technologies, scientists can work to develop more effective treatments and improve outcomes for patients suffering from this serious respiratory illness.