> Disorders > Disease or Syndrome > Pneumonitis

Pneumonitis

Pneumonitis is a general term used to describe inflammation of the lungs.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, exposures to certain chemicals or dusts, and autoimmune disorders.
Symptoms of pneumonitis may include cough, shortness of breath, fever, and chest pain.
Accurate diagnosis and identification of the underlying cause are important for effective treatment.
PubCompare.ai can help researchers optimize their pneumonitis studies by enabling effortless access to the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while providing accuarate comparisons to identify the best approaches.
This can enhance reproducibility and accuracy in pneumonitis research.

Most cited protocols related to «Pneumonitis»

Improving Cause of Death Data

Vital registration with medical certification of cause of death is a crucial resource for the GBD cause of death analysis in many countries. Cause of death data obtained using various revisions of the International Classification of Diseases and Injuries (ICD)⁹ were mapped to the GBD cause list. Many deaths, however, are assigned to causes that cannot be the underlying cause of death (eg, cardiopulmonary failure) or are inadequately specified (eg, injury from undetermined intent). These deaths were reassigned to the most probable underlying causes of death as part of the data processing for GBD. Redistribution algorithms can be divided into three categories: proportionate redistribution, fixed proportion redistribution based on published studies or expert judgment, or statistical algorithms. For GBD 2019, data for 116 million deaths attributed to multiple causes were analysed to produce more empirical redistribution algorithms for sepsis,¹⁰ (link) heart failure, pulmonary embolism, acute kidney injury, hepatic failure, acute respiratory failure, pneumonitis, and five intermediate causes (hydrocephalus, toxic encephalopathy, compression of brain, encephalopathy, and cerebral oedema) in the central nervous system. To redistribute unspecified injuries, we used a method similar to that of intermediate cause redistribution, using the pattern of the nature of injury codes in the causal chain where the ICD codes X59 (“exposure to unspecified factor”) and Y34 (“unspecified event, undetermined intent”) and GBD injury causes were the underlying cause of death. These new algorithms led to important changes in the causes to which these intermediate outcomes were redistributed. Additionally, data on deaths from diabetes and stroke lack the detail on subtype in many countries; we ran regressions on vital registration data with at least 50% of deaths coded specifically to type 1 or 2 diabetes and ischaemic, haemorrhagic, or subarachnoid stroke to predict deaths by these subtypes when these were coded to unspecified diabetes or stroke.

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. (2020). Lancet (London, England), 396(10258), 1204-1222.

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Publication 2020

Brain Central Nervous System Cerebral Edema Cerebrovascular Accident Congestive Heart Failure Diabetes Mellitus Encephalopathies Encephalopathy, Toxic Hemorrhage Hepatic Insufficiency Hydrocephalus Injuries Kidney Injury, Acute Pneumonitis Pulmonary Embolism Respiratory Failure Septicemia Subarachnoid Space

Multi-Dataset Classifier Performance Comparison

Twelve datasets (3496 patients) with treatment outcomes described in previous studies were collected from public repositories (www.cancerdata.org) or provided by collaborators. Table 1 characterizes these datasets. Given availability, some datasets consist of subsamples of or contain fewer/more patients and/or features than the cohorts described in the original studies. Two datasets were excluded after a preliminary analysis (these datasets are also not mentioned in Table 1) where none of the studied classifiers resulted in an average AUC above 0.51, which is evidence that they contain no discriminative power. Datasets without discriminative power are not suitable for this analysis as we would be unable to determine differences in discriminative performance across classifiers. The patient cohorts of 2 datasets, Wijsman et al.20 (link), 21 , partially overlap but each dataset lists a different outcome (esophagitis and pneumonitis). Datasets were anonymized in the analysis because their identity is not relevant for interpreting the results and to encourage investigators to share their datasets.
Nonbinary outcomes were dichotomized, for example, overall survival was translated into 2‐yr overall survival in the dataset of Carvalho et al.10 (link). Missing data were imputed for training and test sets (the splitting of datasets into training and test sets is described in Section 2.C) by medians for continuous features and modes for categorical features based on the training set. Basing the imputation on the training set avoids information leakage from test to training sets. Categorical features in training and test sets were dummy coded, that is, representing categorical features as a combination of binary features, based on the combined set for classifiers that cannot handle categorical features (Table 2). Dummy coding on the combined set ensures that the coding represents all values observed in a dataset. Features with zero variance in training sets were deleted in the training set and in the corresponding test set. In addition, we removed near‐zero variance features for glmnet to avoid the classifier implementation from crashing during the fitting process. Features in training sets were rescaled to the interval [0,1] and the same transformation was applied to the corresponding test sets. Rescaling is needed for certain classifiers, e.g., svmRadial. All these operations (imputation, dummy coding, deleting (near‐)zero variance features, rescaling) were performed independently for each pair of training and test sets (step 2 in Fig. 1).

Deist T.M., Dankers F.J., Valdes G., Wijsman R., Hsu I., Oberije C., Lustberg T., van Soest J., Hoebers F., Jochems A., El Naqa I., Wee L., Morin O., Raleigh D.R., Bots W., Kaanders J.H., Belderbos J., Kwint M., Solberg T., Monshouwer R., Bussink J., Dekker A, & Lambin P. (2018). Machine learning algorithms for outcome prediction in (chemo)radiotherapy: An empirical comparison of classifiers. Medical Physics, 45(7), 3449-3459.

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Publication 2018

Discrimination, Psychology Esophagitis Patients Pneumonitis

Cost Analysis of First-Line and Second-Line NSCLC Treatments

We considered the costs of first-line and subsequent treatment, treating adverse events (AEs), and general treatment associated with disease management including routine follow-up, BSC, and end-of-life care. In the first-line and subsequent second-line treatments, the price of camrelizumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab were sourced from the big data service platform for China’s health industry (https://www.yaozh.com/) (The big data service platform for China’s health industry, 2021 ). According to the cancer immunotherapy patient assistance program in China, NSCLC patients could avail up to 2 years of assistance after purchasing four cycles of pembrolizumab. In terms of this, four cycle’s cost of pembrolizumab was considered in our model. In calculating dosage amounts, we used a mean body weight of 65 kg and a mean body surface area of 1.72 m² for base case patients (Liu et al., 2020b (link)). In the context of the universal medical insurance systems, essential drugs such as carboplatin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 have been fully covered by the National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL), and the proportion of patient’s out-of-pocket expenses for these drugs is 0%. Therefore, the costs of these drugs were excluded from this analysis. Besides, pemetrexed and docetaxel have been included in the NRDL, with a reimbursement proportion of 80 and 95%, respectively.
In addition, to better reflect the cost of first-line and second-line treatments in real-world settings, the duration of these treatments were adjusted based on the median treatment cycles reported in the respective clinical trials (Gandhi et al., 2018 (link); Wu et al., 2019 (link); Zhou et al., 2021b (link)), to account for the fact that patients may discontinue first-line and second-line treatments due to unacceptable toxicity, consent withdrawal, or investigator decision, in addition to progression and death. The cost of subsequent third-line therapy, routine follow-up, BSC, and end-of-life care came from a published study (Liu et al., 2020b (link)).
The cost of commonly reported grade III/IV AEs with an incidence of >5% were incorporated in the model, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia (Gandhi et al., 2018 (link); Zhou et al., 2021b (link)). Although some common immune-related AEs related to camrelizumab were reported, such as reactive capillary endothelial proliferation and immune-related pneumonitis, their costs were not considered in this model because of their low grade III/IV incidence. The costs per patient corresponding to each AE were sourced from published literature (Supplement Table S4) (Gu et al., 2019 (link); You et al., 2019 (link)). Cost inputs are detailed in Table 1.

Qiao L., Zhou Z., Zeng X, & Tan C. (2021). Cost-Effectiveness of Domestic PD-1 Inhibitor Camrelizumab Combined With Chemotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in China. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 728440.

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Publication 2021

Anemia Body Surface Area Body Weight camrelizumab Capillary Endothelium Carboplatin Cobalamins Dietary Supplements Disease Management Disease Progression Docetaxel Drugs, Essential Folic Acid Hospice Care Immunotherapy Malignant Neoplasms Neutropenia Nivolumab Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients pembrolizumab Pharmaceutical Preparations Pneumonitis Therapeutics Thrombocytopenia

Radiographic Patterns of Pneumonitis Evaluation

Chest CT scans obtained at the time of the diagnosis of pneumonitis were reviewed by a consensus of three radiologists with expertise in thoracic and oncologic imaging (M.N., N.H.R., H.H.), as described previously.(24 (link)–27 (link)) CT findings of pneumonitis were evaluated for 1) extent in upper, middle and lower lungs (none, <5%, 5–25%,25–50%, >50%), 2) distributions in terms of (a) peripheral, diffuse, central or mixed; and (b) upper, lower, diffuse, multifocal or focal, 3) lobar involvement, and 4) specific CT findings including traction bronchiectasis, consolidation, reticular opacities, ground glass opacities (GGO), centrilobular nodularity, and honeycombing.(24 (link)–27 (link)) In each case, radiographic patterns of pneumonitis were classified referring to ATS/ERS international multidisciplinary classification of interstitial pneumonias, as 1) usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, 2) non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern, 3) cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) pattern, 4) acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pattern, 5) hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) pattern, and 6) not applicable, as described previously.(24 (link)–28 (link)) Follow-up chest imaging studies after the onset of pneumonitis were also reviewed to assess the resolution of the findings.

Nishino M., Ramaiya N.H., Awad M.M., Sholl L.M., Maattala J.A., Taibi M., Hatabu H., Ott P.A., Armand P.F, & Hodi F.S. (2016). PD-1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis in advanced cancer patients: Radiographic patterns and clinical course. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 22(24), 6051-6060.

Publication 2016

Bronchiectasis Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia Chest Diagnosis Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis Lung Neoplasms Pneumonia Pneumonia, Interstitial Pneumonitis Radiologist Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult Traction Usual Interstitial Pneumonia X-Ray Computed Tomography X-Rays, Diagnostic

Viral Surveillance in Jordanian Children

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Publication 2015

Apnea Asthma Bronchiolitis Bronchopneumonia Child Cough Croup Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Research Febrile Convulsions Fever Infant, Newborn Legal Guardians Leukopenia Parent Pertussis Pharmacotherapy Pneumonia Pneumonitis Respiratory Rate Septicemia Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory Upper Respiratory Infections

Most recents protocols related to «Pneumonitis»

Classifying Drug-Induced Pneumonitis Patterns

Pre-existing interstitial lung disease, emphysema, pattern of pneumonitis, and extent of pneumonitis were determined by two experienced pulmonologists and an experienced radiologist based on CT findings. Pre-existing interstitial lung disease did not include radiation pneumonitis. In each case, CT patterns of pneumonitis were classified according to a previous report^{15 (link)} as (1) DAD pattern; (2) nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern; (3) hypersensitivity pneumonitis pattern; (4) OP pattern; and (5) simple PEo pattern^{16 (link)}. Furthermore, we divided CT patterns of pneumonitis into DAD and non-DAD according to the irAE guideline^{11 (link)}. The extent of pneumonitis was divided into < 25%, 25–50%, and > 50% of the lung parenchyma^{12 (link)}, and the typical images of patients in our cohort are shown in Fig. 2.Figure 2

Drug-related pneumonitis showing new diffuse ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and traction bronchiectasis, indicative of a diffuse alveolar damage pattern (a). Drug-related pneumonitis showing new ground-glass opacities, irregular reticular opacities, and irregular reticular opacities with predominant lower lung involvement, indicative of the nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern (b). Drug-related pneumonitis showing new wide areas of faint ground-glass opacities with some patchy nodular lesions (arrowheads), indicative of the hypersensitivity pneumonitis pattern (c). Drug-related pneumonitis showing new ground-glass opacities and consolidations with multifocal distribution, indicative of the organizing pneumonia pattern (d). Drug-related pneumonitis showing new focal opacity areas (arrowheads). Lesions disappear only with withdrawal of drug therapy (not shown here), with features compatible with the simple pulmonary eosinophilia pattern (e).

Fujimoto D., Miura S., Tomii K., Sumikawa H., Yoshimura K., Wakuda K., Oya Y., Yokoyama T., Kijima T., Asao T., Tamiya M., Nakamura A., Yoshioka H., Tokito T., Murakami S., Tamiya A., Yokouchi H., Watanabe S., Yamaguchi O., Morinaga R., Jodai T., Ito K., Shiraishi Y., Kogure Y., Shibaki R, & Yamamoto N. (2023). Pneumonitis associated with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Scientific Reports, 13, 3698.

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Publication 2023

Bronchiectasis Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis Lung Lung Diseases, Interstitial Organizing Pneumonia Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Pneumonia Pneumonia, Interstitial Pneumonitis Pulmonary Emphysema Pulmonologists Radiation Pneumonitis Radiologist Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia Syncope Traction

Pneumonitis in Advanced NSCLC with Combination Therapy

This was a multicenter, retrospective, hospital-based cohort study of consecutive patients with chemotherapy-naive advanced non-squamous NSCLC who received pembrolizumab, a platinum agent, and pemetrexed at one of 36 hospitals in Japan between December 2018 and June 2019. Clinical data of each patient were extracted from medical charts and entered into a database.
This study cohort was created to conduct two primary evaluations. The first primary analysis aimed to investigate the early incidence of pneumonitis and its association with survival, as reported previously^{9 (link)}. The present report is a second prespecified primary analysis to determine characteristics, prognostic factors, and clinical course of pneumonitis in patients who developed pneumonitis associated with combination therapy with updated data.
Patients aged older than 20 years were enrolled if they had pathologically confirmed metastatic non-squamous NSCLC without sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutations and had received a combination of platinum, pemetrexed, and pembrolizumab (combination therapy) as the first-line treatment.
Smoking status was categorized as never (never smoked), current (smoked within 1 year of diagnosis), and former (other smoking status). PD-L1 expression was assessed using the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and was categorized based on the tumor proportion score.
This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board or Institutional Review Board of each participating institute including Wakayama medical university Ethics Committee. This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. We attained adequate consent for using electronic patient records through an opt-out strategy owing to the study’s retrospective nature. All images were obtained with informed consent (or formal waiver of consent) with approval by the Ethics Committee of our hospital. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline for cohort studies.

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Publication 2023

ALK protein, human Biological Assay CD274 protein, human Combined Modality Therapy Diagnosis Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ethical Review Ethics Committees Ethics Committees, Clinical Ethics Committees, Research Inpatient Mutation Neoplasms Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients pembrolizumab Pharmacotherapy Platinum Pneumonitis Prognostic Factors

Diagnosis and Management of Immunotherapy-Induced Pneumonitis

The diagnosis of pneumonitis was established and confirmed by a treating medical oncologist and an independent multidisciplinary team comprising two pulmonologists and a radiologist. The diagnosis was based mainly on clinical data and CT images before the combination therapy and during pneumonitis. Patients with a significantly high probability of an alternative diagnosis based on independent judgment, such as cancer progression, congestive heart failure, radiation pneumonitis, and lung infection, were excluded as per these data.
The grade of pneumonitis was determined by the treating pulmonologist or oncologist and two independent pulmonologists according to the CTCAE version 5.0. Mild and severe pneumonitis were defined as grade ≤ 2 and grade ≥ 3, respectively.
Initial treatment for pneumonitis was defined as steroid and immunosuppressive agents within 1 week after the development of pneumonitis. Steroid doses were expressed as prednisone equivalents. Additionally, we defined a high steroid dose as a prednisolone equivalent dose of ≥ 1.0 mg/kg^{12 (link)}.
Worsening of respiratory status due to pneumonitis was defined as an increase in either oxygen supplementation or category of oxygen supplementation for pneumonitis regardless of the presence or absence of treatment for pneumonitis; additionally, this status was confirmed. The categories of oxygen supplementation were as follows: (1) no oxygen supplementation; (2) oxygen supplementation but not requiring HFNC or NRB (simple oxygen supplementation); (3) HFNC or NRB; (4) non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation; (5) intubation with mechanical ventilation; or (6) death due to respiratory failure associated with pneumonitis^{14 (link),15 (link)}.
Improvement of pneumonitis was defined as improvement in oxygenation, respiratory symptoms, and lung field shadowing in patients who received steroids at a prednisolone equivalent dose of ≤ 10 mg^{11 (link)}.
Relapsed pneumonitis was defined as pneumonitis after the confirmation of improvement and before the start of new anticancer therapy other than pembrolizumab, a platinum agent, and pemetrexed. Relapsed pneumonitis cases were divided into pneumonitis before and after the rechallenge of combination therapy.

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Publication 2023

A-A-1 antibiotic Cell Respiration Combined Modality Therapy Congestive Heart Failure Diagnosis Disease Progression Immunosuppressive Agents Infection Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation Intubation Lung Malignant Neoplasms Mechanical Ventilation Oncologists Oxygen Patients pembrolizumab Platinum Pneumonitis Prednisolone Prednisone Pulmonologists Radiation Pneumonitis Radiologist Respiratory Failure Respiratory Rate Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory Steroids Therapeutics

ALI and Gastrointestinal Cancer Systematic Review

We searched studies in four databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI on Dec 10, 2022. ALI was searched as “Advanced lung cancer inflammation index” OR “ALI” OR “BMI x ALB / NLR” OR “BMI x serum albumin / NLR” OR “body mass index x serum albumin / neutrophil-to lymphocyte”. As for gastrointestinal cancer, the search strategy was “gastrointestinal cancer” OR “gastrointestinal neoplasms” OR “colon cancer” OR “rectal cancer” OR “colorectal cancer” OR “rectum cancer” OR “colorectal neoplasm” OR “colon neoplasm” OR “rectal neoplasm” OR “rectum neoplasm” OR “colorectal carcinoma” OR “colon carcinoma” OR “rectum carcinoma” OR “rectal carcinoma” OR “CRC” OR “gastric cancer” OR “gastric carcinoma” OR “gastric neoplasms” OR “stomach cancer” OR “stomach carcinoma” OR “stomach neoplasms” OR “liver cancer” OR “hepatocellular carcinoma cancer” OR “esophageal cancer” OR “esophageal neoplasm” OR “esophagus cancer” OR “esophagus neoplasm” OR “esophageal squamous cell carcinoma” OR “cholangiocarcinoma” OR “extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma” OR “gallbladder cancer” OR “gallbladder neoplasms” OR “bile duct cancer” OR “bile duct neoplasms” OR “pancreatic cancer” OR “pancreatic carcinoma”. The search scope was limited to titles and abstracts. Language and study design had no limitations.

Liu X.R., Wang L.L., Zhang B., Liu X.Y., Li Z.W., Kang B., Yuan C., Wei Z.Q, & Peng D. (2023). The advanced lung cancer inflammation index is a prognostic factor for gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 21, 81.

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Publication 2023

Bile Duct Neoplasms Cancer of Bile Duct Cancer of Colon Cancer of Gallbladder Cancer of Liver Carcinoma cDNA Library Cholangiocarcinoma Colonic Neoplasms Colorectal Neoplasms Esophageal Cancer Esophageal Neoplasms Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Gastric Cancer Gastrointestinal Cancer Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Hepatocellular Carcinomas Index, Body Mass Inflammation Lung Cancer Lymphocyte Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasm, Gallbladder Neutrophil Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic Carcinoma Pneumonia Pneumonitis Rectal Cancer Rectal Neoplasms Serum Albumin Stomach Neoplasms

Histological Lung Tissue Analysis

After harvesting, the lungs were fixed in 10% formalin underwent hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as previously described.¹⁷, ¹⁸ Histological images, four random lung fields/slide, three slides/mouse were graded by a pathologist blinded to study groups. Images were selected for ImageJ software analysis of the area percentage of H&E staining. The percent area was determined by ratio of area of lung solid tissue with inflammatory consolidation to the total lung area/field.

Sun X., Sammani S., Hufford M., Sun B.L., Kempf C.L., Camp S.M., Garcia J.G, & Bime C. (2023). Targeting SELPLG/P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 in preclinical ARDS: Genetic and epigenetic regulation of the SELPLG promoter. Pulmonary Circulation, 13(1), e12206.

Publication 2023

Eosin Formalin Hematoxylin Lung Mus Pathologists Pneumonia Pneumonitis Tissues

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More about "Pneumonitis"

Pneumonitis, also known as lung inflammation or pulmonary inflammation, is a general term that describes the inflammation of the lungs.
This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections (such as bacterial, viral, or fungal), exposure to certain chemicals or dusts, and autoimmune disorders.
Symptoms of pneumonitis may include cough, shortness of breath, fever, and chest pain.
Accurate diagnosis and identification of the underlying cause are essential for effective treatment.
Researchers can optimize their pneumonitis studies by utilizing the insights and tools provided by PubCompare.ai.
This AI-driven platform enables effortless access to the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while providing accurate comparisons to identify the best approaches.
This can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of pneumonitis research.
In addition to the PubCompare.ai platform, researchers may also find the following tools and techniques useful in their pneumonitis studies: - BX51 microscope: A high-quality optical microscope that can be used for histological analysis of lung tissue samples. - MoPn] biovar: A mouse pneumonitis-causing strain of the bacterium Chlamydia muridarum, which can be used as a model system for studying pneumonitis. - Zinc-buffered formalin: A fixative solution that can be used to preserve lung tissue samples for histological analysis. - Bullet Blender homogenizer: A device that can be used to efficiently homogenize lung tissue samples for downstream analysis. - Total laboratory automation: Automated systems that can streamline various aspects of the research workflow, such as sample preparation and data analysis. - TBA-200FR NEO: A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system that can be used for the analysis of chemical compounds in lung tissue samples. - MC170 HD microscope camera: A high-resolution camera that can be used to capture detailed images of lung tissue samples under the microscope. - Axioplan 2: A versatile optical microscope that can be used for a variety of microscopy techniques, including immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. - Recombinant mouse IFN-γ: A cytokine that can be used to study the role of the immune system in the development and progression of pneumonitis. - SAS 9.4: A statistical software package that can be used for data analysis and modeling in pneumonitis research.
By incorporating these tools and techniques, researchers can enhance the quality, reproducibility, and accuracy of their pneumonitis studies, ultimately leading to a better understanding of this complex condition and the development of more effective treatments.