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Trichomonas Infections

Trichomonas Infections: Diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trichomonas.
The most common is trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection affecting the urogenital tract.
Symtpoms can include vaginal discharge, itching, and discomfort.
Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications and spread.
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Most cited protocols related to «Trichomonas Infections»

1
Global Sexually Transmitted Infection Estimates
Regional incidence estimates for nine of the 10 regions were estimated from prevalence estimates. The approach was the same as in 2005 and 2008 but we also applied a range of +/- 33.3% around the estimated duration of infection to reflect uncertainty when calculating incidence using the equation: incidence = prevalence/average duration of infection. For the High Income North America region we used incidence estimates for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis based on the United States national incidence estimates [11 ,12 (link)].
It was assumed that the average duration of infection in each region varies according to the average duration of infection in the absence of treatment for symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals and the probability symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are treated appropriately. For the 2005 and 2008 estimates countries were classified into one of three treatment groups with a corresponding average duration of infection based on a literature review and expert consultation [6 ]. A review of the literature in 2012 found insufficient data to merit changing the assumptions for duration of infection used in 2005 and 2008 (S4 Text).
Prevalence and incidence estimates from the 10 regions were aggregated so that results could be presented by WHO regional groupings and by World Bank income classification [24 ]. United Nations Population data for women and men aged 15–49 years were used to generate numbers of prevalent and incident cases [25 ].
Newman L., Rowley J., Vander Hoorn S., Wijesooriya N.S., Unemo M., Low N., Stevens G., Gottlieb S., Kiarie J, & Temmerman M. (2015). Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. PLoS ONE, 10(12), e0143304.
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Publication 2015
Chlamydia Gonorrhea Infection Trichomonas Infections Woman
2
Sexual Behavior and STI Outcomes
The core measures allowed us to describe the sample, evaluate the risk reduction intervention, and explore possible moderators of intervention efficacy. Therefore, all participants completed the core items, which included demographics (e.g., race/ethnicity, education, employment), diet (e.g., fast food frequency), physical activity (e.g., frequency of moderate physical activity), smoking (e.g., frequency and number of cigarettes), alcohol use (e.g., AUDIT-C [62 ], number of drinks per week), drug use (e.g., frequency of marijuana and cocaine use), sleep (e.g., number of hours per night). Additional items assessed partner violence [63 (link)], perceived stress [64 ], mental health [65 (link)], and satisfaction with the intervention [66 ]. We do not report on these measures in the current report but details can be found elsewhere [67 (link)].
Importantly, the core items included seven items used as primary outcomes, assessing sexual behavior (i.e., number of partners; whether partnerships were concurrent (patients who reported >1 partner in the past 3 months were asked whether their sexual relationships overlapped in time); number of unprotected vaginal and anal sex episodes with steady and non-steady partners]. These items were nested in the larger survey of health behaviors in order to minimize assessment reactivity.
In addition to the self-report measures, the core measures also included STI testing. At baseline, participants were tested for STIs per standard CDC-approved protocol. At all follow-ups, urine specimens were tested for chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (Gc), and clinic records were reviewed at the end of the 1 year follow-up period for CT, Gc, trichomoniasis, syphilis, and HIV. For data analytic purposes, STI test results were grouped into three distinct time frames for analyses: (a) tests administered at study entry or within 30 days of study entry were considered baseline tests; (b) tests administered during the next 6 months (between 31 and 213 days after study entry) were considered short-term follow-ups; and (c) tests administered 7 months (214 days) or longer after study entry were considered long-term follow-ups.
Carey M.P., Senn T.E., Walsh J.L., Coury-Doniger P., Urban M.A., Fortune T., Vanable P.A, & Carey K.B. (2015). Evaluating a Brief, Video-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention and Assessment Reactivity with STI Clinic Patients: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior, 19(7), 1228-1246.
Publication 2014
Cannabis sativa Chlamydia Cocaine Diet Ethnicity Fast Foods Gonorrhea Mental Health Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Reading Frames Satisfaction Sleep Syphilis Trichomonas Infections Urine Vagina
3
Cervicovaginal Sampling for Biomarker Analysis
Johns Hopkins University Institutional Review Board approved the study (NA_00036496). Non-pregnant adult women aged 18–45 and without genitourinary symptoms were recruited from the Baltimore, MD metropolitan area. After providing written informed consent, medical history was obtained to exclude women with active menstruation, genitourinary symptoms, or clinically apparent vaginal infections. Previous studies have shown mediator recovery was not affected by the sequence of FGT sample collection [28] (link), [29] (link). Therefore, among enrolled women, the following were collected in sequence: cervical swab for APTIMA2-Combo assay (GenProbe, San Diego, CA) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Dacron swab (Cardinal Health, McGraw Park, IL) of secretions from lateral vaginal wall for preparation of saline microscopy to evaluate for trichomoniasis and of Gram stain for assessment of Nugent criteria [30] (link); and for the biomarker analyses, Dacron swab of secretions from lateral vaginal wall, flocked swab (Seacliff Packaging, Inc., Newport Beach, CA) of secretions from lateral vaginal wall, Dacron swab of endocervical secretions, flocked swab of endocervical secretions, and finally CVL with one of three diluents. Women were randomly assigned to receive a 10 ml CVL of saline, tap water, or Normosol-R pH 7.4 (Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL). Normosol-R is a sterile, isotonic balanced salt solution and contains 50.2 mg sodium gluconate per 10 ml. All women with symptomatic BV and STIs detected at screening were excluded and referred for appropriate management. We selected these exclusion criteria because they are typically employed in clinical trials studying prevention of HIV.
Dezzutti C.S., Hendrix C.W., Marrazzo J.M., Pan Z., Wang L., Louissaint N., Kalyoussef S., Torres N.M., Hladik F., Parikh U., Mellors J., Hillier S.L, & Herold B.C. (2011). Performance of Swabs, Lavage, and Diluents to Quantify Biomarkers of Female Genital Tract Soluble Mucosal Mediators. PLoS ONE, 6(8), e23136.
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Publication 2011
Adult Biological Assay Biological Markers Chlamydia trachomatis Dacron Endocervix Ethics Committees, Research Forests Gram's stain Infection Isotonic Solutions Menstruation Microscopy Neck Neisseria gonorrhoeae normosol R Pregnant Women Saline Solution Secretions, Bodily Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sodium Chloride sodium gluconate Specimen Collection Sterility, Reproductive System, Genitourinary Trichomonas Infections Vagina Woman
4
Global STI Estimates Methodology Update
Methods to generate the 2012 estimates were based on those used to generate the 2005 and 2008 estimates [6 ,7 ]. There were three major changes that were implemented that arose from external expert consultations held by WHO in November 2013 and August 2014. First, the way in which countries were grouped to generate regional estimates for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis was changed. In 2005 and 2008 countries were grouped into WHO regions with two regions subdivided (Africa and the Western Pacific) [6 ]. For the 2012 estimates, we defined 10 regions based on those used by the Global Burden of Disease project 2010 [10 (link)] and on epidemiology, geography and data availability (S1 Map). Second, syphilis estimates were based on country level data from the GARPR system; third, we used a Bayesian meta-analytic approach to generate the estimates and uncertainty around them.
Newman L., Rowley J., Vander Hoorn S., Wijesooriya N.S., Unemo M., Low N., Stevens G., Gottlieb S., Kiarie J, & Temmerman M. (2015). Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. PLoS ONE, 10(12), e0143304.
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Publication 2015
ARID1A protein, human Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis, secondary Trichomonas Infections
5
HIV Stigma and Socio-Behavioral Factors Among FSW
Biologic outcomes include having a detectable HIV RNA VL (defined at ≥50 copies/mL) and any prevalent STI (including gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and chlamydia).
The socio-behavioral survey instrument includes questions on individual, relational, social-contextual, and structural factors and behaviors related to HIV prevention, care, and treatment outcomes. We drew on our previous research with FSW in the DR to inform the survey items and adapted measures from other settings as needed (described below). Independent variables included in the current analysis include socio-demographics (e.g., age, civil status, residence), history and type of sex work, number of new and regular clients in the last week and month, number of steady intimate partners in the last month, reported consistent condom use (defined as always using condoms in all sex acts with a defined partner category), drug and alcohol use, current or former use of ART, engagement in care (defined as attendance at any HIV care or treatment service in the last 6 months), any reported interruption in use of ART, and AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) measures related to adherence to ART [30] (link).
We measured both internalized and experienced HIV stigma and discrimination using adapted measures from several reliable aggregate measures including those developed by Berger et al. [31] (link), Zelaya et al. [32] (link), [33] and Baral et al. [34] (link). We also employed Earnshaw's HIV Stigma Framework for the purposes of measurement, which defines internalized (or felt) stigma as the application of negative attitudes towards HIV to oneself and experienced (or enacted) stigma as the experience of being discriminated, stereotyped, or prejudiced against for being infected with HIV [35] (link). Aggregate measures for both domains demonstrated strong unidimensionality and internal reliability. The internalized stigma measure included 8 items assessed on a 4 point Likert-scale (score range 0 to 32, with 0 representing no stigma and 32 high internalized stigma) with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. Examples of internalized stigma items included feelings about living with HIV including whether they felt like people treated them differently or they felt like a bad or unworthy person as a result of their status. For the experienced stigma score, there were 10 items with yes or no answers to each (score range 0 to 10 with 0 representing no experienced stigma and 10 high experienced stigma) with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.78. Examples of experienced stigma included reported loss of job, denial of health and other social services, and being verbally harassed or physically abused as a result of living with HIV.
Donastorg Y., Barrington C., Perez M, & Kerrigan D. (2014). Abriendo Puertas: Baseline Findings from an Integrated Intervention to Promote Prevention, Treatment and Care among FSW Living with HIV in the Dominican Republic. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e88157.
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Publication 2014
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Biopharmaceuticals Chlamydia Condoms Denial, Psychology Discrimination, Psychology Feelings Gonorrhea Pharmaceutical Preparations SERPINA3 protein, human Trichomonas Infections

Most recents protocols related to «Trichomonas Infections»

1
Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection and Cancer
The literature retrieval databases mainly included PubMed database, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE medical literature library, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar, and the literature search time was up to December 2021. The keywords searched by MeSH and commonly used for literature retrieval were used alone or in combination: “Trichomonas vaginalis”, “Trichomonas infections”, “Trichomoniasis”, “Trichomonas vaginitis”, “Neoplasms”, “cancer”, “neoplasia”, “carcinoma in situ”, “canceration” and “tumour” with “OR” and / or “AND” operators. The systematic search of literature was performed by two independent researchers. The retrieved articles were manually checked the title, abstract and full-text by two independent researchers, and the irrelevant articles and duplicate were removed. The retained articles were categorized as epidemiological investigations, reviews, and research articles. This systematic review with meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) and a registration ID was assigned (CRD42022340263).
Zhang Z., Li D., Li Y., Zhang R., Xie X., Yao Y., Zhao L., Tian X., Yang Z., Wang S., Yue X, & Mei X. (2023). The correlation between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and reproductive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infectious Agents and Cancer, 18, 15.
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Publication 2023
Carcinoma in Situ Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasms Trichomonas Infections Trichomonas vaginalis Trichomonas Vaginitis
2
Inland and Fishing Community HSV-2 Seroprevalence
We compared demographic and behavioral characteristics of STIPS participants in inland and fishing communities using χ2 tests. We estimated HSV-2 seroprevalence in men and women, and used modified Poisson regression [24 (link)] to estimate the association between HSV-2 infection and risk factors, specifically: community type (inland/fishing), age group, marital status, educational level, number of sex partners in the last year, lifetime number of sex partners, HIV serostatus, HIV viral load suppression status (defined as <1000 copies/mL, as per WHO guidelines [25 ]), history of PrEP usage, male circumcision status, and infection with a curable STI (trichomonas, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis). We measured all associations using unadjusted and adjusted prevalence risk ratios (PRR, adj PRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Adjusted models controlled for age group, community type, marital status, educational level, and HIV serostatus.
Whittles L.K., Galiwango R.M., Mpagazi J., Tobian A.A., Ssekubugu R., Jackson J., Peer A.D., Kennedy C., Nakalanzi M., Ndyanabo A., Kigozi G., Chang L.W., Serwadda D., Manabe Y.C., Gaydos C.A., Laeyendecker O., Quinn T.C., Reynolds S.J., Kagaayi J., Eaton J.W, & Grabowski M.K. (2023). Age Patterns of HSV-2 Incidence and Prevalence in Two Ugandan Communities: A Catalytic Incidence Model Applied to Population-Based Seroprevalence Data. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 228(9), 1198-1207.
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Publication 2023
Age Groups Chlamydia Gonorrhea Human Herpesvirus 2 Infection Male Circumcision Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a Sexual Partners Syphilis Trichomonas Infections Woman
3
Urethritis Evaluation and Management
Urethritis-like symptoms included dysuria, increased urination frequency, and urethral discharge. Demographic data, including age at presentation, comorbidities, prior unprotected sexual intercourse, reports of urethral discharge, associated symptoms and treatment outcome were collected and analysed. Considering their symptoms and that they were sexually active at a young age, all patients underwent urinalysis, urine culture, and urinary PCR for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis at the first visit. Our institution uses the BD MAX™ CT/GC/TV assay as a PCR test. The assay is an all-in-one automated DNA extraction and real-time PCR test for the direct, qualitative detection of DNA from chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis with a single specimen collection. The assay may be used for detection of DNA in male urine specimens and could provide high sensitivity and accuracy8 (link). Treatments were administered based on the initial urinalysis results and clinical judgment of the urologists. All patients were asked to return to our clinic after one week of treatment for repeated urinalysis. The treatment was changed depending on the patient’s response to the initial treatment or positive results in urine culture or urinary PCR. HIV and syphilis tests were recommended for those with positive results of urinary PCR. For patients showing triple-negative findings, the urologists could treat these patients based on their clinical judgement. Further examination would be arranged and follow-up data for symptom resolution were collected one month later.
Hsu Y.T., Chuang T.Y., Hsiao J.C, & Cheng W. (2023). Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of urethritis-like symptoms in young males: a retrospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 13, 17469.
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Publication 2023
Aftercare Biological Assay Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Clinical Reasoning Dysuria Gonorrhea Hypersensitivity Males Patient Discharge Patients Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Specimen Collection Syphilis Serodiagnosis Trichomonas Infections Urethra Urethritis Urinalysis Urination Urine Urologists
4
PrEP Eligibility for LGBTQ+ Youth
To be eligible, participants must live in the San Francisco Bay Area, California (the 9 counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma, and San Francisco); Los Angeles County, California; Miami-Dade County, Florida; or Broward County, Florida. Participants must self-report having sex with men and identify as a cisgender male and be aged 15 to 17 years (in California only; minors in Broward or Miami-Dade County will not be eligible), identify as a cisgender male and be aged 18 to 27 years, or identify as a transgender female (or assigned male at birth and identify as a woman) and be aged 18 to 27 years (transgender females outside this age range will not be not eligible). In addition, participants, in keeping with guidelines for the provision of PrEP for sexual risk factors, must qualify for PrEP by self-reporting being diagnosed with an STI (including chlamydia, genital herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital warts, human papilloma virus infection, and trichomoniasis) in the past 6 months or self-reporting condomless anal intercourse in the past 90 days [39 ]. Having a current known HIV-positive sexual partner and an indication for PrEP based on injection drug use were not included as eligibility criteria because of their expected rarity in our young study population. Among individuals aged 21 to 30 years, 1.5% reported ever injecting a drug not under a physician’s orders and only 0.5% reported sharing needles in this way in their lifetime [40 ], and in a study of youths aged 12 to 24 years at high risk for HIV infection, only 7.7% reported ever having sex with a person living with HIV [41 (link)]. Only participants who attested to feeling comfortable reading and speaking in English were included, as, owing to development costs, creating a version of the website in Spanish was not feasible and other services associated with the intervention, including laboratory and pharmacy services, were in the English language only. Participants are not eligible if they have taken PrEP in the past 30 days; have ever been diagnosed with HIV infection, hepatitis B infection, chronic kidney, liver, or bone disease; or do not meet the eligibility criteria.
Braun R.A., Erenrich R.K., Coyle K.K., Doan T.H, & Klausner J.D. (2023). Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of a Telehealth HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Intervention Among Young Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 12, e47932.
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Publication 2023
3,3'-diallyldiethylstilbestrol Anus Bone Diseases Chlamydia Coitus Condylomata Acuminata Eligibility Determination Females Genital Herpes Gonorrhea Hepatitis B Hispanic or Latino HIV Infections Kidney Liver Male Genital Organs Males Papillomavirus Infections, Human Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmaceutical Services Physicians Ribs Sexual Partners Syphilis Transgendered Persons Trichomonas Infections Woman Youth
5
Trichomoniasis Diagnosis Protocol
The Ethics and Research Committees at Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez” (HGMGG) approved this study, with reference number 12-75-2015. Recovered samples, used primarily for pathogen diagnosis of 28 women with trichomoniasis who attended the gynecology service of the HGMGG between 2015 and 2019, were analyzed [20 (link)]; thus, vaginal swab samples confirmed by microscopy with T. vaginalis were placed in sterile plastic tubes with 0.9% physiological saline solution and kept at −70 °C until DNA isolation.
Martinez-Hernandez F., Sanchez-Aguillon F., Martinez-Ocaña J., Gonzalez-Arenas N.R., Romero-Valdovinos M., Lopez-Escamilla E., Maravilla P, & Villalobos G. (2023). Genetic Variability of the Internal Transcribed Spacer and Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase Partial Gene of Trichomonas vaginalis from Female Patients. Microorganisms, 11(9), 2240.
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Publication 2023
Diagnosis isolation Microscopy Normal Saline Pathogenicity physiology Sterility, Reproductive Trichomonas Infections Vagina Woman

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The Aptima Combo 2 assay is a nucleic acid amplification test that detects the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens. It is designed for use with the Hologic Panther system, a fully automated molecular diagnostic platform.
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The ProbeTec ET Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Amplified DNA Assay is a laboratory equipment product used for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acids from clinical specimens. The assay utilizes strand displacement amplification (SDA) technology to detect the presence of these pathogens.
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More about "Trichomonas Infections"

Trichomonas Infections, also known as trichomoniasis, are sexually transmitted diseases caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
These infections can affect the urogenital tract, leading to symptoms like vaginal discharge, itching, and discomfort.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and stop the spread of the infection.
To optimize your research on Trichomonas Infections, consider utilizing tools like the Aptima Combo 2 assay, ProbeTec ET Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Amplified DNA Assay, and SAS JMP10 Genomics.
These advanced techniques can help with accurate diagnosis and efficient data analysis.
Additionally, animal models like BALB/c mice can provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis and host response to Trichomonas Infections.
The Linear Array HPV Test and Stata 12.0 software can also be useful for related research on sexually transmitted infections.
For your experimental setup, the RF-10AXL fluorescence detector and Acetonitrile can be employed for various analytical procedures.
Lastly, the Uni-Gold HIV test can serve as a reference for understanding the broader context of sexually transmitted diseases.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocols can help you discover the best practices, access the latest literature, and find the right solutions to advance your Trichomonas Infections studies.
Streamline your research and uncover valuable insights with the power of machine learning and comprehensive data analysis.