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> Disorders > Injury or Poisoning > Ankle Sprains

Ankle Sprains

Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, occuring when the ligaments around the ankle joint are stretched or torn.
These injuries can range from mild to severe, and often result in pain, swelling, and difficulty bearing weight.
Effective management is crucial to promote healing, restore function, and prevent chronic instability.
PubCompare.ai can help researchers optimize their ankle sprain studies by providing access to the latest protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, along with advanced comparisons to identify the best approaches.
This AI-driven platform enhaces reproducibilty and accuaracy, empowering researchers to advance the understanding and treatment of this prevalent condition.

Most cited protocols related to «Ankle Sprains»

1
Objective PA Measurement in Obese Patients
The StepWatch™ 3 Activity Monitor (SAM) (OrthoCare Innovations, Washington, D.C.) was used to measure PA. The SAM is a waterproof microprocessor-controlled biaxial PA monitor that combines acceleration, position, and timing information to count steps taken every minute. It is designed to capture step-based ambulation, which accounts for the majority of PA energy expenditure (31 (link)), and provides steps, a unit of measurement that is easily interpretable. Because the monitor is worn just above the ankle it is not susceptible to motion of soft tissue which can induce significant errors in belt worn devices. Also, because of directional sensitivity, the SAM is not affected by off-axis accelerations and will not pick up vehicle vibration and similar events that may be counted by other monitors. Numerous studies have shown that it is accurate in lean and obese individuals at “slow” (1 mph) and “purposeful” (2–3 mph) walking speeds and with a variety of gait styles, with accuracy typically exceeding 98% (32 ).
Study staff at each site were trained and certified before PA assessment began. During the pre-surgical research visit, the monitor was programmed with sensitivity settings appropriate to the subject’s height, cadence, and gait speed using accompanying software (32 ) and set to immediately record data. To ensure technical reliability of the SAM and appropriateness of settings, a verification light on the monitor was set to flash for the first 100 steps; study staff confirmed that the monitor blinked one time per step while observing subjects walk at their normal pace as well as their slowest and fastest paces. To maximize compliance, subjects were encouraged to wear the monitor continuously, for seven consecutive days following their clinic visit or until the day of surgery. However, assuming that not all subjects would find night-wear tolerable, subjects were instructed that they could wear the monitor during waking hours only. Based on other researchers’ experience (1 , 26 (link)) we felt that assessing wear time from self-report of exact wearing practices would result in poor quality data. However, in order to prompt subjects to make-up an assessment day for days in which monitor wear time might be insufficient, the PA diary included the question: “How many hours were you awake today, but not wearing the SAM? This includes the time between when you got out of bed in the morning and put on your SAM, the time between when you took off the SAM and got into bed, and the time that you removed the monitor during the day.” Choices were less than an hour, 1–<3 hours, 3–<5 hours, and 5 or more hours. On days subjects selected “5 or more hours” the PA diary prompted them to wear the monitor for an additional day. However, 327 (30.0%) received the monitor three to eight days before surgery so they could not make-up an assessment day. Subjects did not record whether they chose to wear the monitor continuously.
LABS-2 subjects were excluded from PA if their clinic visit was within three days of their scheduled surgery, they exclusively used a wheelchair, they had a health-related reason other than obesity that limited walking (e.g. multiple sclerosis), a temporary injury that affected walking (e.g. sprained ankle), or a medical condition that could be exacerbated by wearing the monitor (e.g. edema), or no monitors were available for distribution.
King W., Li J., Leishear K., Mitchell J, & Belle S. (2011). Determining activity monitor wear time: an influential decision rule. Journal of physical activity & health, 8(4), 566-580.
Publication 2011
Acceleration Ankle Ankle Sprains Clinic Visits Edema Energy Metabolism Epistropheus Feelings FURIN protein, human Hypersensitivity Injuries Innovativeness Light Medical Devices Multiple Sclerosis Obesity One-Step dentin bonding system Operative Surgical Procedures Tissues Vibration Wheelchair
2
Proprioceptive Training for Ankle Sprain
The randomised controlled trial had a follow-up of one year, chosen because the increased risk for ankle sprain recurrences seems to exist only during the first year after injury.6 (link)
7 (link)
8 (link)
9 (link) Athletes were randomised to intervention or control, with stratification for sex, type of enrolment, and usual care of ankle sprain. A statistician who had no knowledge regarding any other characteristics of the participants performed the randomisation.
Athletes were recruited from August 2006 to August 2007 through medical channels (11 emergency rooms, five general practices, and four physical therapy offices) throughout the Netherlands and non-medical channels (through adverts in newspapers, sports magazines, sports tournaments, and on the internet). All were active sports participants aged 12-70 who had sustained an ankle sprain in the preceding two months.
Before inclusion, a physical therapist contacted each injured athlete by phone and conducted a thorough oral assessment of the reported ankle sprain using an injury registration questionnaire, derived from a previously used injury registration form.12 (link) This included questions on diagnosis, cause, and aetiology of the injury. If the injury had been medically treated, the advised treatment and the exact profession of the person who treated the injury were recorded with the diagnosis provided.
All participants received treatment according to usual care, defined as any form of rehabilitative treatment used by the athlete, without interference from the authors. Athletes allocated to the intervention group were informed that they would receive an eight week proprioceptive training programme, preferably starting immediately after inclusion but not before the end of rehabilitation with usual care and re-participation in sports.
Hupperets M.D., Verhagen E.A, & van Mechelen W. (2009). Effect of unsupervised home based proprioceptive training on recurrences of ankle sprain: randomised controlled trial. The BMJ, 339, b2684.
Publication 2009
Ankle Sprains Athletes Diagnosis Injuries Physical Therapist Proprioception Recurrence Rehabilitation Therapy, Physical Training Programs
3
Measuring Physical Activity with StepWatch
The StepWatch™ 3 Activity Monitor (OrthoCare Innovations, Washington, D.C.) is a small (75×50×20 mm) lightweight (38g) microprocessor-controlled biaxial activity monitor, worn above the ankle, that combines acceleration, position, and timing information to count strides (i.e. single leg-steps). It is accurate in lean and obese individuals at “slow” (i.e., 1.6 km/h) and “purposeful walking” (i.e., 3.2–5.6 km/h) paces and with a variety of gait styles, with accuracy typically exceeding 98% (22 ). The monitor was programmed to double count all strides in 1 minute intervals with sensitivity settings appropriate to a participant’s height, gait, and cadence using accompanying software. Participants were asked to wear the monitor for the seven consecutive days following their research assessment. The participant was given the option to remove the monitor during water-based activities (i.e., bathing, swimming) or sleeping. Participants who primarily used a wheel chair, had a walking limitation not directly related to obesity such as multiple sclerosis, or a temporary injury such as a sprained ankle, were excluded from activity monitor assessment.
Data from the manufacturer software were exported to a SAS version 9.3 dataset (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). Sleep and non-wear periods, identified by intervals of at least 120 minutes with no activity (23 (link)), were removed. Minutes with a step count greater than 80 were considered MVPA (22 ). A MVPA bout was defined as 10 or more consecutive MVPA minutes, with allowance for interruptions of no more than 2 minutes below threshold (22 ;24 (link)). Minutes with a step count of 0 were considered sedentary time (22 ). A bout of SB was defined as a duration of continous sedentary minute(s), with no minimum duration (25 (link)). Days with fewer than 10 hours of wear were eliminated. Among those with at least three valid days (26 (link);27 (link)), mean steps/d, MVPA min/d, bout-related MVPA min/d, sedentary min/d, sedentary bouts/d, and duration of sedentary bouts (i.e., min/bout) were calculated. To address the prolonged nature of SB, sedentary measures were also calculated based on minimum bout durations of at least 10 minutes and at least 30 minutes (25 (link)).
Despite minimum monitor wear time requirements, differences in wear time across time points can have a significant effect on estimated change in SB. Therefore, percentage of wear time that was sedentary (100*sedentary time/wear time) was calculated for each participant at each time point. Additionally, sedentary time and the number of sedentary bouts were standardized to a common wear time across time points as follows: value at “X” assessment (i.e., baseline, 1-, 2-, or 3-year follow-up) times (average wear time across all assessments/wear time at “X” assessment) (28 (link)).
For comparison with U.S. PA recommendations, mean daily MVPA and bout-related MVPA were multiplied by 7 for weekly estimates, and the percentage of participants achieving at least 150 minutes/week of bout-related MVPA was determined (7 ).
King W.C., Chen J.Y., Bond D.S., Belle S.H., Courcoulas A.P., Patterson E.J., Mitchell J.E., Inabnet W.B., Dakin G.F., Flum D.R., Cook B, & Wolfe B.M. (2015). Objective Assessment of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Pre-through 3-Years Post- Bariatric Surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 23(6), 1143-1150.
Publication 2015
Acceleration Ankle Ankle Sprains FURIN protein, human Hypersensitivity Injuries Innovativeness MLL protein, human Multiple Sclerosis Obesity Sleep Wheelchair
4
Multisensory Illusion and Memory
We calculated illusion statement ratings corrected for suggestibility and response bias by subtracting average control statement ratings from average illusion statement ratings separately for each condition. Cued recall questions were coded for accuracy using strict criteria in which responses had to exactly match the correct response to be scored as correct (e.g. What type of injury was Heather recovering from? Correct answer: A sprained ankle, Incorrect Answer: A foot injury). Using a more lenient criteria that allowed for partial marks did not change the overall pattern of the results. The percentage of correct responses for central and peripheral details for both conditions and testing points was calculated for each participant. Subjective ratings were averaged across videos to create a mean score for each rating. Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to assess normality of the data from the illusion induction questionnaire, cued recall test, and subjective ratings. We used repeated measures ANOVAs to analyse data that was normally distributed and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to assess data that was not normally distributed. Follow-up t-tests were corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni corrections. Greenhouse Geisser corrections were applied where the data violated assumptions of sphericity. Significance was defined as p < .05. Post-hoc Spearman’s rank-order correlations determined the relationship between the strength of the full-body ownership illusion (i.e. average illusion – average control statement ratings in the synchronous condition), average cued recall accuracy, and average individual subjective ratings in the synchronous condition. We chose the Spearman correlation as the data was not normally distributed. All statistical tests were conducted using JASP Team (2019) .
Iriye H, & Ehrsson H.H. (2021). Perceptual illusion of body-ownership within an immersive realistic environment enhances memory accuracy and re-experiencing. iScience, 25(1), 103584.
Publication 2021
Ankle Sprains Foot Injuries Human Body Illusions Injuries Mental Recall neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human
5
Youth Soccer Injury Prevention Questionnaire
A bespoke questionnaire was developed for this study, with separate versions for coaches and players (see supplementary online content). Section A of the questionnaire captured demographic, soccer coaching/playing experience, and injury history information. Section B focused on the HAPA constructs, with questions assessing self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, risk perceptions, behavioral intentions, and barriers and facilitators to FIFA 11+ implementation.
Questions were developed by adapting previously validated HAPA questionnaire item stems [31 ] to reflect the youth soccer context. For example, the stem “How serious are the following health-related problems?” with a response list including heart attack, stroke, and high blood pressure [31 ] was adapted to “How serious are the following types of soccer injury?” with a response list including ankle sprain, knee ligament injury, and broken bone (with both questions scored on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from not at all serious to very serious) (see supplementary content). The questionnaires underwent face validation by a group of experts (a soccer coach, a youth soccer player, a sport psychology researcher, and a physiotherapist) who were all familiar with the FIFA 11+ program. Questions were answered on a seven-point Likert scales that included reverse-coded items to ensure accurate completion. For analysis purposes, items were scored on a scale of 1 = ‘extremely negative’ to 7 = ‘extremely positive’.
McKay C.D., Merrett C.K, & Emery C.A. (2016). Predictors of FIFA 11+ Implementation Intention in Female Adolescent Soccer: An Application of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(7), 657.
Publication 2016
Ankle Sprains Cerebrovascular Accident Face Fracture, Bone High Blood Pressures Injuries Knee Injuries Ligaments Myocardial Infarction Physical Therapist Stem, Plant Youth

Most recents protocols related to «Ankle Sprains»

1
Lateral Ankle Ligament Injury Protocol
Patents must meet the following criteria to be eligible for the study:

ICD-Code S93.4x “sprain of the ankle”

14–41 years

BMI 19–30

MRI confirmed lesion or rupture of at least one lateral ankle ligament

Tennler J., Raeder C., Praetorius A., Ohmann T, & Schoepp C. (2023). Effectiveness of the SMART training intervention on ankle joint function in patients with first-time acute lateral ankle sprain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 24, 162.
Publication 2023
Ankle Lateral Ligament Ankle Sprains
2
Acute Ankle Sprain Management Trial
All patients admitted to the hospital with an acute ankle sprain are screened for participation. After the patient has been assessed as eligible by the responsible physicians and sport scientists, written informed consent to participate in the trial will be obtained. The documents will be stored according to the hospital’s commitment to GCP and GSP standards and the proceedings outlined in the trial’s ethical approval (Ärztekammer Nordrhein ethics commission, ref: 2021236). The informed consent contains information about the aim of the study and its timeline. There is a detailed description of all intervention groups and the content of the diagnostic. The participants are further informed about their financial compensation, potential risks, and their right to leave the study at any time and for any reason if they want. Additional information about casualty insurance as well as data protection are part of the informed consent. For potential participants under 18, their legal guardian has to sign the informed consent.
Tennler J., Raeder C., Praetorius A., Ohmann T, & Schoepp C. (2023). Effectiveness of the SMART training intervention on ankle joint function in patients with first-time acute lateral ankle sprain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 24, 162.
Publication 2023
Ankle Sprains Diagnosis Legal Guardians Patients Physicians TimeLine
3
Maximal Ankle Inversion in Athletic Men
Twenty male, regional-level team sports (soccer, handball, basketball) athletes
(age, 24.3 ± 3.4 years; height, 1.84 ± 0.05 m; weight, 81.3 ± 7.4 kg; 16
right-leg dominant, 4 left-leg dominant) participated in the study. Based on an
a priori power analysis, 20 participants was considered sufficient to identify a
difference of 4° in maximal inversion angle between 2 conditions (alpha, .05;
power, 0.8; SD, 6°1 (link)). Participants were injury-free in the 12 months
preceding data collection and signed written informed consent before their
participation. Only 1 participant had undergone anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction surgery, approximately 3 years before data collection. The other
participants had not undergone lower extremity surgery. Four participants
reported previous ankle sprain injuries >12 months before data collection
(ranging from 2 to 13 years before data collection; 2 participants sprained
their ankles on the left and 2 on the right side). All methods used in the study
had been approved by the research ethics committee of the university.
Willwacher S., Bruder A., Robbin J., Kruppa J, & Mai P. (2023). A Multidimensional Assessment of a Novel Adaptive Versus Traditional Passive Ankle Sprain Protection Systems. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(3), 715-722.
Publication 2023
Ankle Ankle Injuries Ankle Sprains Athletes Ethics Committees, Research Injuries Inversion, Chromosome Lower Extremity Males Operative Surgical Procedures Sprain
4
Football Injury Classification Protocol
Only if the diagnosis or the description of the injury mechanism clearly implied a contact, it was classified as contact injury. This aspect mainly concerned training injuries as match injuries can be reviewed online, via telerecording, etc.
The following concessions had to be made to accommodate the media-generated data:
All adductor injuries were grouped to the hip/groin (and not the thigh) area. A differentiation between both sites was impossible.
If the media reported “muscular problems” that caused players to take a football break of ≥ 1 day, they were categorised as muscle injuries. Severe muscle injuries, i.e. lasting > 28 days that were described as “muscular problems”, “muscle injuries”, or “muscle strain”, were categorised as muscle tear.
For five aspects, additional categories were introduced. Three concerned the injury location and two the injury type. With regard to injury location, an often-used general term is “muscular problems”. For these injuries, we implemented the term “muscle injuries of the lower extremity including hip and groin unspecified” as especially injuries to the lower limbs will lead to a time loss in a football player. Furthermore, the locations “arm” and “unknown” were introduced, the latter if injuries could not be allocated to any body location. “Back problems” were often not specified any further referring to the specific spinal region and the injury type alike. That is why we used the general term “back” as an additional body region even though the majority assumingly affected the lumbar spine. As for the injury type, the term “muscle/tendon, bone/ligament back” was implemented to acknowledge that most of them, especially the less severe ones, were likely functional in nature, which often means some joint restrictions and muscle hypertonicity coexisting.
If ankle injuries lasted between 4 and 7 days (mild injuries) and the injury mechanism and/or description indicated an ankle sprain, injuries were classified as “suspected joint/ligament injuries” according to the likelihood of that injury even if this diagnosis was not specifically mentioned in the media. The same was true for knee injuries lasting 8–28 days (moderate injuries). Ankle injuries of ≥ 8 days (moderate and severe injuries) or severe knee injuries > 28 days duration (severe injuries) were categorised as ligament/joint injury along the same rationale as before.
If contact-related head injuries led to a time loss of ≥ 1d and if they had no indication of any accompanying injury, e.g. a facial fracture or a scalp wound, they were consequently counted as concussions and not as a “simple” head contusion.
aus der Fünten K., Tröß T., Hadji A., Beaudouin F., Steendahl I.B, & Meyer T. (2023). Epidemiology of Football Injuries of the German Bundesliga: A Media-Based, Prospective Analysis over 7 Consecutive Seasons. Sports Medicine - Open, 9, 20.
Publication 2023
Ankle Injuries Ankle Sprains Body Regions Bones Brain Concussion Contusions Craniocerebral Trauma Diagnosis Face Fracture, Bone Groin Head Human Body Injuries Joints Knee Injuries Laceration Leg Injuries Ligaments Ligaments, Articular Lower Extremity Muscle Tissue Scalp Strains Tendons Thigh Vertebrae, Lumbar Wounds
5
Postural Sway and EMG in Females
Because of the higher incidence of ankle sprain (Doherty et al., 2014 (link)) and ACL injuries (Moltavo et al., 2019 (link)) in females compared with males, fourteen healthy female physical education students (age: 22 years, range: 21–27 years; height: 167 cm, range: 148–179 cm; mass: 59 kg, range: 52–72 kg, years of training: 9.7 ± 2.6 years, track and field athletes, football and handball players not at national level) were involved in our study. The following inclusion criteria were used: physically active (minimum 2 hours per week), female, age between 18 and 30 years. The exclusion criteria were current injuries in the spine, hip, knee, ankle, previous surgeries in these joints, vestibular abnormalities, and participation in competitive sport. To determine a-priori sample size, we used the study by Cimadoro et al. (2013) (link), who compared postural sway and EMG activity during balancing on different training devices. In this study, a one-way ANOVA (similar to our design) with four levels of surface variation as independent factor revealed that thirteen participants were enough to produce very large effect sizes (d > 1.47) in most, or a large effect size (d = 0.96) in one variable. Subjects gave their written informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki after receiving both a verbal and a written explanation of the experimental protocol and its potential risks. The University Ethics Committee approved the protocol (approval number: 7961-PTE2019).
Mayer P., Sebesi B., Vadász K., Laczkó J., Zentai N., Balázs B, & Váczi M. (2023). Kinematics and muscle activity of the lower limb during single-leg stance on the two sides of the Togu Jumper. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1049035.
Publication 2023
Ankle Ankle Sprains Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Athletes Congenital Abnormality Ethics Committees Females Health Education Joints Knee Joint Males Medical Devices neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Operative Surgical Procedures Physical Examination Spinal Injuries Student Vestibular Labyrinth Woman

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More about "Ankle Sprains"

Ankle sprains are a common musculoskeletal injury, where the ligaments around the ankle joint become stretched or torn.
These injuries can range from mild to severe, often resulting in pain, swelling, and difficulty bearing weight.
Effective management is crucial to promote healing, restore function, and prevent chronic instability.
Researchers can utilize tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their ankle sprain studies.
This AI-driven platform provides access to the latest protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, along with advanced comparisons to identify the best approaches.
By leveraging PubCompare.ai, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies, empowering them to advance the understanding and treatment of this prevalent condition.
For data analysis, researchers may employ statistical software like SPSS Statistics (version 22 or later) or JMP (version 13 or later).
These tools can assist in the analysis of ankle sprain data, providing insights that can inform treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Additionally, techniques like using RNAlater solution for tissue preservation or the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer for biomolecular analysis may be relevant in certain ankle sprain studies.
The Skyrafit and Avanto Fit platforms can also be utilized for assessment and rehabilitation of ankle injuries.
By incorporating these diverse resources and technologies, researchers can create comprehensive and effective studies that address the multifaceted nature of ankle sprains and drive progress in this important area of musculoskeletal health.