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> Disorders > Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction > Catalepsy

Catalepsy

Catalepsy is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness, often observed in certain neurological and psychiatric disorders.
It is characterized by a trancelike rigidity of the body, where the individual remains in a fixed position for an extended period, even when physically manipulated.
Catalepsy can be a symptom of various conditions, including catatonia, Parkinson's disease, and certain types of schizophrenia.
Understanding the mechanisms and clinical features of catalepsy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management of these underlying disorders.
The PubCompare.ai platform can streamline your catalepsy research by helping you locate the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, facilitating the identification of the most accurate and reproducible approaches to study this complex phenomenon.

Most cited protocols related to «Catalepsy»

1
Behavioral and Neural Effects of NMDAR Antagonism in Parvalbumin-Deficient Mice
Cited 5 times
In addition, we also assessed the effects of the NMDAR antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate) on behavioral performance and in vivo electrophysiology in Grin1ΔPV mice and controls. Mice were injected i.p. with MK-801 (dose range 0.1–0.5 mg kg−1) or saline vehicle prior to assessment of locomotor activity in photocell activity cages. Behavioral scoring was also used to quantify the presence of stereotypy, catalepsy and ataxia during assessment of locomotor activity (see Results). We also investigated the effects of MK-801 or vehicle injection in Grin1ΔPV mice and controls on the accelerating rotarod test of motor coordination, spatial working memory (rewarded alternation on the elevated T-maze), a sucrose preference test of anhedonia and during in vivo recording of local field potentials in mPFC (see Supplementary Materials and Methods for full details).
Bygrave A.M., Masiulis S., Nicholson E., Berkemann M., Barkus C., Sprengel R., Harrison P.J., Kullmann D.M., Bannerman D.M, & Kätzel D. (2016). Knockout of NMDA-receptors from parvalbumin interneurons sensitizes to schizophrenia-related deficits induced by MK-801. Translational Psychiatry, 6(4), e778-.
Publication 2016
Anhedonia Catalepsy Dizocilpine Maleate Locomotion Locomotor Ataxia MAZE protocol Memory, Short-Term MK-801 Mus N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Saline Solution Spatial Memory Stereotypic Movement Disorder Sucrose
2
Cross-Tolerance and Withdrawal Assessment in Neuropathic Pain
Cited 5 times
To control for stress of repeated injection, all acute treatment groups received 5 days of daily vehicle injections, with acute drug treatment occurring on day 6. Subjects were evaluated 2 h after acute drug administration or the final chronic injection. Acute thermal antinociception was assessed in the tail immersion test at 56.0°C using a 10 s cut-off19 (link). Surgery for chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of the sciatic nerve and allodynia assessment were performed as previously described18 (link). Subjects were assessed for mechanical allodynia using von Frey filaments (North Coast Medical, Morgan Hill, CA) and approximately 30 min later were evaluated for cold allodynia in the acetone-induced paw lifting model, with a maximum cutoff time of 20 s. Cross-tolerance studies in the CCI model were performed starting 26 h following the final chronic drug injection.
Twenty-six or 48 h after the final chronic injection, subjects were evaluated for cross-tolerance to WIN55,212-2 or THC. Cannabimimetic activity was assessed by evaluating mice for catalepsy in the bar test19 (link), antinociception in the tail immersion test at 52.0 °C31 , and hypothermia by inserting a thermocouple probe 2.0 cm into the rectum. In order to reduce the number of mice required for this study, dose-response relationships were evaluated using a cumulative dosing regimen in which baseline behavioral endpoints were assessed, injections were given every 40 min, and subjects were evaluated for each measure 30 min after each injection, with the entire dose-response assessment completed in less than 4 h31 .
For precipitated withdrawal, animals were challenged with rimonabant (10 mg/kg) 2 h after the final chronic injection, and the incidents of paw fluttering, including any tremors or shaking of the front paws, were recorded for a 1 h observation period50 (link).
Schlosburg J.E., Blankman J.L., Long J.Z., Nomura D.K., Pan B., Kinsey S.G., Nguyen P.T., Ramesh D., Booker L., Burston J.J., Thomas E.A., Selley D.E., Sim-Selley L.J., Liu Q., Lichtman A.H, & Cravatt B.F. (2010). Chronic monoacylglycerol lipase blockade causes functional antagonism of the endocannabinoid system. Nature neuroscience, 13(9), 1113-1119.
Publication 2010
Acetone Allodynia Animals Catalepsy Common Cold Cytoskeletal Filaments Immune Tolerance Injuries Mechanical Allodynia Mus Pharmaceutical Preparations Rectum Rimonabant Sciatic Nerve Stenosis Submersion Tail Treatment Protocols
3
Behavioral Phenotyping of Dopamine Transporter Knockout Mice
Cited 4 times
Locomotor activity of littermate WT and DAT-KO mice was measured in an Omnitech CCDigiscan (Accuscan Instruments, Columbus, Ohio United States) activity monitor under bright illumination [83 (link)]. All behavioral experiments were performed between 10:00 AM and 5:00 PM. Activity was measured at 5-min intervals. To evaluate the effects of drugs on motor behaviors, mice were placed into activity monitor chambers (20 × 20 cm) for 30 min and then treated with αMT (250 mg/kg IP). A drug or combination of drugs were injected 1 h after αMT administration, and various parameters of locomotor activity were monitored for up to 3 h. In cumulative dosing experiments, animals were treated with increasing doses of drugs after a 1-h interval.
For the akinesia test, the mouse is held by the tail so that it is standing on forelimbs only and moving on its own. The number of steps taken with both forelimbs was recorded during a 30-s trial [57 (link)]. The presence of catalepsy was determined and measured by placing the animal's forepaws on a horizontal wooden bar (0.7 cm in diameter), 4 cm above the tabletop. The time until the mouse removed both forepaws from the bar was recorded, with a maximum cut-off time of 3 min [53 (link)]. In the grasping test of muscular rigidity, the mouse is suspended by its forelimbs on a metal rod (diameter: 0.25 cm) positioned approximately 20 cm above the table. The time the animal remains on the rod (maximum 1 min) was noted [58 (link)]. To assess rigidity in a bracing task, the number of steps taken with each forelimb when the mouse is pushed sideways over a distance of 50 cm was recorded [57 (link)]. Tremor was scored visually in mice using the rating scale [54 (link)]: 0, no tremor; 1, occasional isolated twitches; 2, moderate or intermittent tremor associated with short periods of calm; and 3, pronounced continuous tremor. Ptosis was scored as described [89 (link)]: 4, eyes completely closed; 2, half-open eyes; and 0, wide-open eyes; with 1 and 3 indicating intermediate values. The righting reflex was evaluated by turning the mouse onto its back five times. Normal mice immediately turn themselves over, to right themselves onto all four feet. Righting reflex was scored as follows: 0, no impairment; 1, on side one to two times; 2, on side three to four times; 3, on side five times; 4, on back one to two times; 5, on back three to four times; 6, on back five times; 7, sluggish when placed on back; and 8, righting response absent when on back and tail pinched [55 (link)].
Sotnikova T.D., Beaulieu J.M., Barak L.S., Wetsel W.C., Caron M.G, & Gainetdinov R.R. (2005). Dopamine-Independent Locomotor Actions of Amphetamines in a Novel Acute Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease. PLoS Biology, 3(8), e271.
Publication 2005
Animals ARID1A protein, human Blepharoptosis Catalepsy Continuous Tremor Drug Combinations Eye Foot Forelimb Intermittent Tremor Lighting Locomotion Metals Mice, House Muscle Rigidity Pharmaceutical Preparations Reflex, Righting Tail Tremor Upper Extremity
4
Cannabinoid Effects on Mouse Behavior
Cited 3 times
Adult male C57BL/6 mice aged 6–12 weeks (mean weight 22 ± 0.3 g) were purchased from Charles River Labs (Senneville, QC). Animals were group housed (3 per cage) with ad libitum access to food, water, and environmental enrichment and maintained on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Mice were randomly assigned to receive i.p. injections of vehicle (1:1:18 ethanol:emulphor:saline) or 0.1–100 mg/kg cannabinoid (n ≥ 6 per group). All protocols were in accordance with the guidelines detailed by the Canadian Council on Animal Care59 ,60 (link) and approved by the Animal Research Ethics Board and the Scientific Merit Review Committee for Animal Behaviour at the University of Saskatchewan. In keeping with the ARRIVE guidelines, power analyses were conducted to determine the minimum number of animals required for the study and animals were purchased—rather than bred—to limit animal waste, and all assessments of animal behaviour were made by individuals blinded to treatment group60 (link). Catalepsy was assessed in the ring holding assay 10 min following injection. The mice were placed such that their forepaws clasped a 5 mm ring positioned 5 cm above the surface of the testing space. The length of time the ring was held was recorded (seconds). The trial was ended if the mouse turned its head or body, made 3 consecutive escape attempts, or at 60 s of immobility (i.e. MPE = 60 s). Internal body temperature was measured via rectal thermometer 12 min following injection. Anti-nociception was determined by assessing tail flick latency 15 min following injection. Mice were restrained with their tails placed ~ 1 cm into 52 °C water and the time until the tail was removed was recorded as tail flick latency (sec). Observations were ended at 20 s (i.e. MPE = 20 s). Locomotion was assessed in the OFT 1 h following injection. Mice were placed in an open space 90 cm × 90 cm, and the total distance was recorded for 5 min. Total distance travelled during 5 min (m) and time in the centre quadrant were measured with EthoVision XT (Noldus Information Technology Inc., Leesburg, VA).
Zagzoog A., Mohamed K.A., Kim H.J., Kim E.D., Frank C.S., Black T., Jadhav P.D., Holbrook L.A, & Laprairie R.B. (2020). In vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of minor cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa. Scientific Reports, 10, 20405.
Publication 2020
Adult Animals ARID1A protein, human Biological Assay Body Temperature Cannabinoids Catalepsy Emulphor Ethanol Food Head Human Body Locomotion Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Neoplasm Metastasis Nociception Rectum Rivers Saline Solution Tail Thermometers
5
Catalepsy Test for MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism
Cited 3 times
The catalepsy test was evaluated at 8 days after MPTP injection, as previously observed [15 (link)].
Paterniti I., Campolo M., Siracusa R., Cordaro M., Di Paola R., Calabrese V., Navarra M., Cuzzocrea S, & Esposito E. (2017). Liver X receptors activation, through TO901317 binding, reduces neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease. PLoS ONE, 12(4), e0174470.
Publication 2017
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Catalepsy

Most recents protocols related to «Catalepsy»

1
Prucalopride Effects on Animal Behavior
All animals were obtained from Johnson & Johnson (Beerse, Belgium) breeding colonies. Male Swiss mice (n=5 per dose; body weight, 19–25 g), SPF Wistar rats (n=3–5 per dose; male and female; body weight of males, 225–275 g; body weight of females, 90–110 g) and non-fasted beagle dogs (n=5 per dose; male and female; various body weights) were administered prucalopride up to 40 mg/kg (rodents) or 10 mg/kg (dogs) orally or subcutaneously. The age of the animals was not documented. In mice, behavioural changes or abnormalities were scored as present or absent at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after prucalopride administration, and in rats at 1, 2 and 3 hours after prucalopride administration. The following behavioural changes and body functions were evaluated in mice and rats: sniffing, licking, rearing, preening, chewing, excitation, tremors, convulsions, lacrimation, salivation, diarrhoea, piloerection, passivity, sedation, prostration, catalepsy, ataxia, hypnosis, pinna and cornea reflexes, muscle tone, dyspnoea, hot plate reaction time, and acetic acid writhing. Dogs were observed over a period of 4 hours post dosing for overt behavioural phenomena such as salivation, lacrimation, defecation, diarrhoea, vomiting, hyperventilation, ataxia, loss of righting, sedation, catalepsy, vocalization, excitation, aggressiveness, tremors and convulsions. Additional methodological details relating to the assessments described are provided in the Supplementary Information file.
Derakhchan K., Lou Z., Wang H, & Baughman R. (2023). Tissue distribution and abuse potential of prucalopride: findings from non-clinical and clinical studies. Drugs in Context, 12, 2022-6-1.
Publication 2023
Acetic Acid Animals Body Weight Canis familiaris Catalepsy Cerebellar Ataxia Congenital Abnormality Corneal Reflexes Defecation Diarrhea Dyspnea Ear Auricle Females Human Body Hypnotherapy Males Mice, House Mouse, Swiss Muscle Tonus Piloerection prucalopride Rats, Wistar Rattus norvegicus Rodent Sedatives Seizures Sialorrhea Tremor
2
Hypnotic Prescription Patterns and Orexin Receptor Antagonist Use in Insomnia Patients
For the purpose of this study, we extracted data for patients satisfying the following criteria: aged ≥ 20 to < 75 years old, diagnosis of insomnia (ICD-10 code G470), prescription for one or more hypnotic between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020 (index period), and continuous enrollment for ≥ 12 months before the index date (Fig. 1). In the present study, we only analyzed data for outpatients. The index date was defined as the date of the first recorded prescription of one or more hypnotic during the index period. For patients with a recorded prescription in this period, we extracted their hypnotics prescription data for a 12-month pre-index period to identify their prescription history of hypnotics. Patients were excluded for the following reasons: one or more diagnosis of narcolepsy and/or cataplexy (G474) during the study period, hospitalization at the index date, missing data for the hypnotics prescription date during the study period, or use of hypnotics lacking prescription information during the study period. We excluded patients with narcolepsy and/or cataplexy in the present study because ORA (suvorexant) should be administered with caution in patients with narcolepsy or catalepsy in Japan in accordance with the package insert [18 ]. When identifying factors associated with its prescription, we considered that such items should be excluded from the analysis. Hospitalized patients were excluded because we wished to focus on outpatient use of hypnotics and because the data for inpatients lacked information on whether hypnotics were prescribed for bedtime administration. In the present study, patients who were prescribed hypnotics as pro re nata only at the index date and patients with overlapping prescriptions for hypnotics from two or more physicians at the index date were not analyzed.

Patient disposition. ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, ORA orexin receptor antagonist. aPatients who were prescribed hypnotics as pro re nata only at the index date and patients with overlapping prescriptions for hypnotics from two or more physicians at the index date were excluded at the enrollment phase. bPatients aged ≥ 75 years are not included in the JMDC Claims Database

Patients were classified as new users of hypnotics if they had no hypnotics prescription history during the 12-month pre-index period or as non-new users if they had any history of hypnotics prescription during the pre-index period (Fig. 2). New and non-new users of hypnotics were further divided into two groups (users prescribed ORA and users prescribed other hypnotics). In the study period, suvorexant was the only ORA available in Japan.

Study definitions. ORA orexin receptor antagonist

Okuda S., Qureshi Z.P., Yanagida Y., Ito C., Homma Y, & Tokita S. (2023). Factors Associated with Prescriptions for an Orexin Receptor Antagonist Among Japanese Patients with Insomnia: Analysis of a Nationwide Japanese Claims Database. Drugs - Real World Outcomes, 10(2), 271-281.
Publication 2023
Catalepsy Cataplexy Diagnosis Hospitalization Hypnotics Inpatient N-acetyltryptophanamide Narcolepsy Orexin Receptor Antagonists Outpatients Patients Sleeplessness suvorexant
3
Catalepsy Assessment Using Bar Test
Catalepsy was assessed using the bar method described by Ueki et al. with minor modifications [91 (link),92 (link)]. The front paws of the mice were placed on a cylindrical metal bar located 4 cm above the tabletop’s surface, while the hind paws remained on the tabletop. The time for which the animal held both paws on the bar was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min after the administration of the tested compound, with a maximum measurement time of 60 s. Each of the measurements consisted of placing the animal’s paws on the bar three times unless the mouse was on it for 60 s; then, no further trial was performed. The score for each trial was assessed as follows [28 (link)]:

Score of 0 points if the animal held the constrained position for <15 s;

Score of 1 point if the animal stayed on the bar for 15–29.9 s;

Score of 2 points if the animal stayed on the bar for 30–59.9 s;

Score of 3 points if the animal stayed on the bar for more than 60 s.

Żmudzka E., Lustyk K., Głuch-Lutwin M., Wolak M., Jaśkowska J., Kołaczkowski M., Sapa J, & Pytka K. (2023). Novel Multimodal Salicylamide Derivative with Antidepressant-like, Anxiolytic-like, Antipsychotic-like, and Anti-Amnesic Activity in Mice. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 175.
Publication 2023
Animals ARID1A protein, human Catalepsy Metals Mice, House
4
Catalepsy Assessment using Bar Test
The bar test was utilized to assess catalepsy. A horizontal bar was taken, and rats were placed on the bar in a half-rearing posture. The height of 9 cm from the base of the bar was maintained for this study. The time taken for the removal of a paw from the bar by the rats was noted using a stopwatch with a cut-off time span of 180 s [26 (link)].
Imran M., Almehmadi M., Alsaiari A.A., Kamal M., Alshammari M.K., Alzahrani M.O., Almaysari F.K., Alzahrani A.O., Elkerdasy A.F, & Singh S.K. (2023). Intranasal Delivery of a Silymarin Loaded Microemulsion for the Effective Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease in Rats: Formulation, Optimization, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 618.
Publication 2023
Catalepsy Rattus
5
Catalepsy Assessment via Bar Test
The Bar test was performed to assess catalepsy, a behavioural state characterised by loss of control in the locomotor system and leading to a ‘frozen’ or stationary position. While a healthy rat placed in an uncomfortable position will quickly improve its posture, a cataleptic animal will remain in this imposed position for a longer period. The Bar test was performed 8 h after the first of the two doses of thiamine and consisted of placing the rat in an unusual position with the hindlimbs on the ground and forelimbs on a horizontal metal bar (diameter 1 cm) stretched between two supports at a height of 9 cm. Catalepsy was determined by the time both forelimbs of the animal remained on the bar. The trial was terminated when one forelimb was removed from the bar and touched the ground or after the 30 s cut-off time had elapsed. The time needed to correct the body posture was recorded and regarded as an index of the severity of catalepsy.
Krzysztoforska K., Piechal A., Wojnar E., Blecharz-Klin K., Pyrzanowska J., Joniec-Maciejak I., Krzysztoforski J, & Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. (2023). Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in Rats. Nutrients, 15(3), 625.
Publication 2023
Animals Catalepsy Forelimb Freezing Hindlimb Metals Musculoskeletal System Thiamine Upper Extremity

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More about "Catalepsy"

Catalepsy is a neurological and psychiatric condition characterized by a trance-like rigidity and unresponsiveness of the body.
Individuals with catalepsy remain fixed in a particular position for an extended period, even when physically manipulated.
This phenomenon can be a symptom of various disorders, including catatonia, Parkinson's disease, and certain types of schizophrenia.
Understanding the mechanisms and clinical features of catalepsy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management of these underlying conditions.
The PubCompare.ai platform can streamline your catalepsy research by helping you locate the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, facilitating the identification of the most accurate and reproducible approaches to study this complex phenomenon.
Synonyms and related terms for catalepsy include: catatonia, parkinsonism, schizophrenia, trance-like state, and muscle rigidity.
Abbreviations commonly used include: CAT and CTP.
Key subtopics for catalepsy research include the neurological pathways involved, the impact of various pharmacological agents (e.g., Haloperidol, Haldol), and the use of animal models (e.g., Sprague-Dawley rats, C57BL/6J males, Male Wistar rats) to study the condition.
Researchers can leverage tools like Prism 9, Analgesy-meter, Opto-Varimex, and GraphPad Prism 7 to analyze and visualize data from catalepsy studies, helping to identify the most accurate and reproducible protocols for advancing our understanding of this complex phenomenon.