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Obsessions

Obsessions refer to recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted, causing marked anxiety or distress.
These obsessions are typically accompanied by repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in order to reduce the anxiety or prevent a dreaded event or situation.
Obsessions are a key feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and other related disorders, and can have a significant impact on an individual's daily functioning and quality of life.
Resaerch in this area aims to better understand the neurobiological and psychological mechanisms underlying obsessions, as well as develop effective treatment strategies to manage them.

Most cited protocols related to «Obsessions»

1
Exploratory Factor Analysis of OCD Symptoms
Cited 19 times
The titles and abstracts of studies obtained by this search strategy were scrutinized by two reviewers (M.H.B. and A.L.-W.) to determine if they were potentially eligible for inclusion in this review.
Eligibility for the study was based upon scrutiny of the full articles for the following inclusion criteria: 1) the population included in the study had an axis I OCD diagnosis, 2) they were exploratory factor analytic studies of the Y-BOCS or the CY-BOCS and 3) Factor analysis was based on and included at least the 13 main symptom categories of the Y-BOCS. Therefore, for a study to be eligible, it must have included at least the 13 main symptom categories in the Y-BOCS Checklist (seven categories of obsessions: aggression, contamination, sexual, hoarding, religious, symmetry, somatic and six categories of compulsions: cleaning, checking, repeating, counting, ordering, hoarding) or the individual items therein. Studies were included in this meta-analysis if they also included additional symptom categories in their factor analysis such as miscellaneous obsessions and compulsions from the Y-BOCS CL or magical thoughts, superstitious behaviors, rituals involving others from the CY-BOCS CL. Item-by-item factor analyses of the Y-BOCS or CY-BOCS CL were also eligible for this systematic review. Confirmatory factor analyses were not eligible for this review, as they require specification of the models to be tested in advance and so do not compute relationships between the factors uniquely for their data set. Including confirmatory factor analysis in this meta-analysis would bias the results toward the solutions of earlier published studies.
Bloch M.H., Landeros-Weisenberger A., Rosario M.C., Pittenger C, & Leckman J.F. (2008). Meta-Analysis of the Symptom Structure of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 165(12), 1532-1542.
Publication 2008
Compulsive Behavior Diagnosis Diploid Cell Eligibility Determination Epistropheus Obsessions Thinking
2
Radiofrequency Stimulation for GAD-MD Treatment
Cited 11 times
The present study was approved by the Croce e Carle hospital ethics committee, Cuneo, Italy, and registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register. The study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Twenty-four outpatients (20 females and four males, mean age 46.7 ± 8.9 years) diagnosed with GAD-MD using current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Revision criteria and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R)35 (link),36 (link) participated in the study. The patients were being treated at the Psychiatric Hospital of Cuneo, Italy. All patients were dissatisfied with the results of their ongoing medical treatment of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors at a standard dose and duration of treatment. All participants were maintained on their current pharmacological treatment. At baseline (T0), the average 21-item Hamilton Depression (HAM-D)37 (link) rating scale score was 15.5 ± 4.6, corresponding to a “mild” level of severity. The SCL-90R and HAM-D were administered prior to and after a standard cycle of REAC treatments (one Neuro Postural Optimization32 (link) followed by 18 Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization32 (link) sessions). Nine SCL-90R clusters were examined, ie, somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychotic behavior. The SCL-90R was specifically used due to its greater sensitivity to critical clinical aspects of anxiety (ie, interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety) than the classic Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A).38 (link) In addition, the overlap between HAM-D and HAM-A is well known.
REAC25 ,26 was applied using a medical device based on an innovative biostimulation technology. REAC typically runs within a frequency range of 2.4, 5.8, or 10.5 gHz. For the current study, a frequency of 10.5 gHz, with a specific absorption rate of 7 μW/kg, was used. The REAC pulse protocol was seven radiofrequency bursts of 500 msec each, applied by touching the metallic tip of the REAC probe (Convogliatore di Radianza Modulante, Asmed, Italy) to the ear pavilion using Neuro Postural Optimization and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization protocols which have been described in detail elsewhere.31 –34 (link) The time interval from the initial clinical assessment until the last Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization session was approximately one month. Data were analyzed with t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Sign-tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Olivieri E.B., Vecchiato C., Ignaccolo N., Mannu P., Castagna A., Aravagli L., Fontani V, & Rinaldi S. (2011). Radioelectric brain stimulation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with comorbid major depression in a psychiatric hospital: a pilot study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 7, 449-455.
Publication 2011
Anger Anxiety Compulsive Behavior Ethics Committees, Clinical Females Hostility Hypersensitivity inhibitors Males Medical Devices Mental Disorders Metals Norepinephrine Obsessions Outpatients Patients Pharmacotherapy Physical Examination Pulse Rate Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Serotonin Syndrome
3
Validated Psychological Measures for Iranian Samples
Cited 10 times
The Beck Depression Inventory Short Version (BDI-S, BDI-13 [5 (link)]) consists of 13 items assessing the severity of depression symptoms using statements scored from 0 to 3. The Farsi (Persian) version was used for this study. It was translated and validated with three nonclinical college student samples [11 (link), 12 , 15 ]. The following norms were proposed: normal (0–3); mild depression (4–7); mild to average depression (8–11); average depression (12–15); and severe depression (16–39 [12 ]). Cronbach alpha from previous studies with Iranian samples ranged from .89 to .94 [15 ].
The Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSIS [16 (link)]) measures suicidal thinking and consists of 19 items rated on a Likert format ranging from 0 to 2. It shows good reliability and validity in American, Turkish, and Iranian samples [17 (link)–19 (link)].
The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS [20 (link)]) measures key aspects of hopelessness and is a 20-item self-report inventory rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Khodabakhshi Koolaee et al. [21 ] translated this measure in Farsi and validated it with an Iranian adolescent sample, reporting good psychometric properties.
The Death Obsession Scale (DOS) measures death rumination, death dominance, and death idea repetition. It contains 15 items rated on a 5-point rating scale and demonstrates good validity and reliability in Iranian samples [22 (link)–24 (link)].
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10 [25 (link)]) examines psychological distress in 10 self-report items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. In an Iranian sample, its Cronbach alpha was .88 and one-week test-retest reliability was .83 [26 ].
General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a screening tool of mental health scored on a 4-point Likert-type scale. It shows good reliability and validity in Iranian samples as indicated by high positive correlations with similar scales (K10) and Cronbach alpha of .92 [27 (link), 28 ].
Dadfar M, & Kalibatseva Z. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Short Beck Depression Inventory with Iranian Psychiatric Outpatients. Scientifica, 2016, 8196463.
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Publication 2016
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms Mental Health Obsessions Psychological Distress Psychometrics Rumination Disorders Student
4
Genetic Factors in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Cited 9 times
A total of 1 065 families were included in this study (comprising 1 406 patients with OCD and 2 895 individuals in total); 621 families were recruited and assessed specifically for this study at one of the five participating recruitment sites or the National Institute of Mental Health; 444 families had previously been evaluated in one of the earlier studies at Hopkins University or by one of the collaborating sites. The sample comprised of 460 complete trios (including an affected proband and both parents); 155 pedigrees with a proband and an unaffected sibling and 450 families with another structure (complex family structure). An additional 192 probands without an additional family member present in the study (singletons) were included. A breakdown of the families by site is found in Supplementary Table S1.
For study inclusion, probands were required to meet DSM-IV criteria for OCD 23 with onset of obsessions and/or compulsions before the age of 18 years (mean = 9.4 years; SD=6.35). Subjects disease, schizophrenia, severe mental retardation that does not permit an evaluation to characterize the psychiatric disorder, Tourette disorder (TS), or OCD occurring exclusively in the context of depression (secondary OCD) were excluded. In addition, individuals were removed from the sample if they were previously diagnosed with brain pathology including brain tumors, Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, or Alzheimer’s Disease. Each case was evaluated by a PhD-level clinical psychologist using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) modified and extended to include additional symptom and diagnostic information as indicated in the supplementary material. Final diagnostic status was assigned based on the consensus of two psychiatrists or psychologists reviewing the case independently. Both parents of the proband were also recruited whenever possible. When parents were unavailable for participation, unaffected siblings were recruited. Genotyping was performed at the Johns Hopkins SNP Center using Illumina’s HumanOmniExpress bead chips (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). More details on the diagnostic assessment and the genotyping process are provided in the supplementary materials and methods.
To increase the power of the study to detect significant association, we also included 1 984 unrelated controls (genotyped with Illumina’s HumanOMNI1-QUAD bead chip) from a previously published study on Parkinson’s disease (dbGaP accession number phs000196.v2.p1) 24 (link), 25 (link). Individuals with a self-reported or diagnosed neuropsychiatric disorder at the time of enrollment were excluded from the present study.
Mattheisen M., Samuels J.F., Wang Y., Greenberg B.D., Fyer A.J., McCracken J.T., Geller D.A., Murphy D.L., Knowles J.A., Grados M.A., Riddle M.A., Rasmussen S.A., McLaughlin N.C., Nurmi E., Askland K.D., Qin H.D., Cullen B.A., Piacentini J., Pauls D.L., Bienvenu O.J., Stewart S.E., Liang K.Y., Goes F.S., Maher B., Pulver A.E., Shugart Y.Y., Valle D., Lange C, & Nestadt G. (2014). Genome-Wide Association Study in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Results from the OCGAS. Molecular psychiatry, 20(3), 337-344.
Publication 2014
Brain Brain Neoplasms Catabolism Compulsive Behavior DNA Chips Family Member Family Structure Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Huntington Disease Intellectual Disability Mental Disorders Obsessions Parent Parkinson Disease Patients Psychiatrist Schizophrenia Sibling TRIO protein, human
5
Internet-Delivered CBT for OCD
Cited 9 times
The treatment was based on established CBT methods for treating OCD, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure with response prevention (ERP), and a relapse prevention programme (Abramowitz, 2006 , 2009 ). The treatment consisted of text material (about 100 pages) and worksheets divided into 10 modules (i.e. chapters). The material was also accessible as an mp3 file (about 5 h of total listening) that the participant could download to their computer. All participants read the same texts relating to general psychoeducation and rationale for the treatment, but tailored examples of obsessions and compulsions were given according to participants' subtype of OCD (washing, checking, symmetry, forbidden thoughts). Modules 1–4 consisted of psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring of meta-cognitions, and of establishing an individual ERP hierarchy. Participants were encouraged to spend no more than 1 week on each of the first four modules. All participants had to proceed through modules 1–4 consecutively in order to access the ERP treatment. Modules 5–10 focused on doing daily in vivo ERP exercises. These modules were not fixed in a predetermined order but were opened by the therapist depending on the kind of OCD subtype the patient had. Worksheets, self-rating assessments, text material, mp3 files, and therapist e-mail contact were integrated in one single treatment platform that required username and password authentication to be accessed. Detailed information about the treatment content is presented elsewhere (Andersson et al.2011 (link)).
The ICBT programme lasted 10 weeks. The therapists had no face-to-face contact with the participants during treatment and their main role was to provide feedback on homework assignments, grant consecutive access to the modules, and to support the participants in doing ERP. The therapists replied to the participants within 24 h on weekdays, and participants were encouraged to contact the therapist if they needed support or clarification. Participants were notified by a short mobile text message (SMS) whenever they received a new message from their therapist in the treatment platform. An SMS was also sent to participants if they had not logged on to the treatment platform for 7 days. If the participant had not logged on within a few days after this SMS, the therapist telephoned the participant to check their status and to remind him/her to log on as soon as possible.
The therapists were all clinical psychology students in their final year of the 5-year psychology programme and had access to on-demand supervision from a licensed psychologist and received scheduled supervision with a psychotherapist on six occasions during the treatment period. Participants interacted with same therapist throughout the whole treatment. Both the psychologist and the psychotherapist had extensive clinical experience in CBT for OCD. To ensure treatment integrity, the psychologist monitored treatment adherence in the treatment platform each day during the entire treatment period.
Andersson E., Enander J., Andrén P., Hedman E., Ljótsson B., Hursti T., Bergström J., Kaldo V., Lindefors N., Andersson G, & Rück C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 42(10), 2193-2203.
Publication 2012
Compulsive Behavior Face Obsessions Patients Psychologist Psychotherapists Relapse Prevention Self-Assessment Student Supervision Thinking

Most recents protocols related to «Obsessions»

1
Comprehensive Assessment of Psychiatric Symptoms
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) [15 (link)] and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD [16 (link)]) were used to assess possible depressive symptoms in the participants. The Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) [17 ] was used to measure the overall severity of the patients’ mental illness. The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale is a valid, reliable and standardized measuring instrument for recording psychosocial functional level [18 (link)]. Anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I and STAI-II) [19 ] and verbal intelligence was assessed using the Multiple Choice Vocabulary Test (MWT, Version B) [20 ].
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms were assessed in the patient group using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) checklist and Y-BOCS severity scale [21 ], whereas healthy subjects completed the Mini-PLUS Interview [22 ] and the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) [23 (link)]. All other questionnaires listed, including the Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30) and the Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED) self-rating scale, were used with all the study participants.
Mavrogiorgou P., Becker S., Lee-Grimm S.I, & Juckel G. (2023). Embitterment and metacognition in obsessive–compulsive disorder. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 146.
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Publication 2023
Anxiety Depressive Symptoms Healthy Volunteers Mentally Ill Persons Metacognition Neuroses, Anxiety Obsessions Patients Vocabulary Tests
2
Profiling OCD Patients for Psychotherapy
The first 61 consecutive inpatients (32 females and 29 males with a mean age of 32.7 ± 12.05 years) treated in 2020 and 2021 on our ward specialized for OCD psychotherapy (https://www.uniklinik-freiburg.de/psych/stationen/station-6.html), who agreed to the offered diagnostic work-up, were included in the present study. Patients with the following admission codes according to the criteria of the ICD-10 [24 ] were analyzed: F42.0 (predominantly obsessional thoughts or ruminations), F42.1 (predominantly compulsive acts), and F42.2 (mixed obsessional thoughts and acts). All diagnoses were assigned based on patient history and clinical examination by experienced senior psychiatrists. Patients under 18, patients with obsessive-compulsive (anankastic) personality disorder (ICD-10: F60.5), and patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia were excluded. Of the 61 included patients, five suffered from predominantly obsessional thoughts or ruminations (F42.0), six from predominantly compulsive acts (F42.1), and 50 from mixed obsessional thoughts and acts (F42.2).
Runge K., Reisert M., Feige B., Nickel K., Urbach H., Venhoff N., Tzschach A., Schiele M.A., Hannibal L., Prüss H., Domschke K., Tebartz van Elst L, & Endres D. (2023). Deep clinical phenotyping of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: an approach towards detection of organic causes and first results. Translational Psychiatry, 13, 83.
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Publication 2023
Cognitive Impairments, Mild Dementia Diagnosis Females Inpatient Males Obsessions Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Patient Admission Patients Physical Examination Psychiatrist Psychotherapy Rumination, Digestive SERPINA3 protein, human
3
Validating the Arabic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale
The study used Arabic OCD scale created by Abohendy and colleagues.29 ,30
It has been validated and standardized on patients with (N=301) and without (N=113) clinical OCD using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5).16
The Arabic OCD scale includes 83 questions covering 14 different OCD domains; rumination of ideas (7 questions), sexual obsessions (4 questions), aggressive obsessions (5 questions), religious obsessions (9 questions), cleanliness and fear of disease obsessions (9 questions), obsessive impulses (8 questions), obsessive images (4 questions), general and miscellaneous compulsions (5 questions), religious compulsions (4 questions), purity and cleanliness compulsions (7 questions), slowness (4 questions), re-checking compulsions (4 questions), touch rituals (5 questions), the effect of obsessive-compulsive disorder on daily activities (8 questions). Each question was scored between one to 5 points with a total score of 83 and 415 points.
Alblowi M.A., Alkhammash W.M., Alzahrani T.M., Hakeem M.H., Alsarar S.A., Alqahtani A.A., Almutairi A.M, & Al Binhar T.H. (2023). Prevalence of post-COVID symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Saudi Arabia. Neurosciences, 28(1), 27-35.
Publication 2023
Compulsive Behavior Fear of disease Obsessions Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients Rumination Disorders Touch
4
Onset and Course of OCD Symptoms
Up to three primary obsessions and compulsions were listed for each subject through the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist. Age at symptom onset was defined as the age when the first obsessive and/or compulsive symptoms were noticed by the patient. Age at disorder onset was dated within 1 month of the first occurrence of obsessive and compulsive symptoms that caused marked distress, were time consuming (more than 1 h a day) or interfered with the patient’s normal daily functioning. Onset was considered abrupt when the symptoms reached a clinically significant intensity within 1 week of onset. All other types of onset were considered insidious. The course of the disorder was considered episodic when at least one circumscribed symptom-free interval (6 months) had occurred; all other types were considered chronic. Duration of untreated illness (DUI) was defined as the interval between onset and the first adequate treatment (appropriate medication at minimally effective dosages for an adequate period of time) according to international guidelines.12 (link)
Bramante S., Maina G., Borgogno R., Pellegrini L., Rigardetto S, & Albert U. (2023). Assessing suicide risk in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a dimensional approach. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 45(1), 28-37.
Publication 2023
Compulsive Behavior Disease Progression Obsessions Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations
5
Measuring Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Padua Questionnaire
To measure washing compulsions and contamination obsessions, Padua Questionnaire (Modified by Washington State University) was used [27 (link)]. Subjects' responses to each item are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = not at all, 1 = low, 2 = somewhat, 3 = high, and 4 = very high). High scores indicated a high level of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in the subject. Van Open [28 (link)] obtained obsessive–compulsive symptoms coefficients at 0.94 for Padua questionnaire and above 0.80 for its subscales. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this questionnaire was 0.875.
, & Homayuni A. (2023). Investigating the correlation between perceived stress and health anxiety with obsessive–compulsive disorder and quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychology, 11, 54.
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Publication 2023
Compulsive Behavior Obsessions

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More about "Obsessions"

Obsessions are a core component of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, characterized by intrusive, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause significant distress and anxiety.
These obsessions are often accompanied by repetitive behaviors or mental acts that individuals feel compelled to perform, in an effort to alleviate the anxiety or prevent a feared outcome.
Research in this area, utilizing tools like SPSS Statistics, SAS, and Prism, aims to elucidate the neurobiological and psychological mechanisms underlying obsessions, as well as develop effective treatment strategies.
Obsessions can have a profound impact on an individual's daily functioning and quality of life, and understanding the cognitive, emotional, and neurological factors involved is crucial for improving clinical outcomes.
Key subtopics in the study of obsessions include the neurobiological underpinnings, the role of cognitive processes (e.g., rumination, thought suppression), the influence of emotional regulation, and the interplay between obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
Advances in this field can lead to more targeted and effective interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatments, to help individuals better manage their obsessions and improve their overall well-being.
Synonyms and related terms for obsessions include intrusive thoughts, compulsions, fixations, preoccupations, and ruminations.
Abbreviations commonly used in this context include OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) and OCRD (obsessive-compulsive and related disorders).
By understanding the multifaceted nature of obsessions and leveraging the power of data analysis tools, researchers can make significant strides in addressing this important aspect of mental health.