> Disorders > Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction > Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

← Pica

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur after experiencing a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, or sexual assault.
Individuals with PTSD may experience intrusive thoughts, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event.
They may also avoid situations or people associated with the trauma and have negative changes in their mood and cognition.
PTSD can have a significant impact on an individual's daily life and functioning.
Effective tratments, including psychotherapy and medication, are available to help manage PTSD symptoms and improve overall well-being.

Most cited protocols related to «Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder»

Validation of PTSD Measures in Veterans

Cited 161 times

Sample 1 consisted of 167 veterans recruited at a VA Healthcare System for a study designed to validate both the PTSD Checklist for DSM–5 (PCL-5; Weathers, et al., 2013 ) and the CAPS-5 (Weathers, Blake, et al., 2013 ). A subset of these data was used previously to validate the PCL-5 (Bovin et al., 2016 (link)). This study followed the second version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guidelines (QUADAS-2; Whiting et al., 2011 (link)), which minimizes the influence of various sources of bias that can affect diagnostic utility studies (see Bovin et al., 2016 (link)). This study was open to all veterans who were aged 18 or older who could read written materials in English. Potential participants were screened for trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms with the Brief Trauma Questionnaire (Schnurr et al., 2002 ) and Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD; Prins et al., 2003 ), administered during an initial phone contact with a trained research assistant. Individuals who reported experiencing at least one PTSD Criterion A event and at least one PTSD symptom in the last 30 days were included in this study. The requirement of at least one PTSD symptom was applied to minimize restriction of range in scores on the CAPS-5 and other PTSD measures.
Participants for Sample 1 were recruited into one of three phases: Phase 1 (n = 31), Phase 2 (n = 61), and Phase 3 (n = 75). In Phase 1, CAPS-IV versus CAPS-5 comparisons were based on 30 participants with complete data (original interviewer’s ratings) for both interviews; one participant was excluded because he did not complete the CAPS-IV. Interrater reliability analyses were based on 27 participants for CAPS-IV and 28 for CAPS-5 for whom audio recorded interviews were available. For all Phase 1 participants, the index event for symptom inquiry met Criterion A for both DSM–IV and DSM–5 PTSD criteria. In Phase 2, test–retest analyses were based on 60 participants with complete data for both administrations of the CAPS-5; one participant was excluded because he did not complete the CAPS-5.
Participants from Phases 1 through 3 were combined for internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity analyses. Two participants in Phase 3 did not complete the CAPS-5 and were excluded from all subsequent analyses. Thus, the combined sample for these analyses was 165, including 31 from Phase 1, 61 from Phase 2, and 73 from Phase 3 (see Table 1).
Sample 2 consisted of 207 male veterans who completed the baseline assessment of an ongoing clinical trial (Sloan, Unger, & Gayle Beck, 2016 (link)). Eligible veterans were invited to complete an initial assessment (see Sloan et al., 2016 (link) for a detailed overview of study procedures). The only inclusion criteria for the present study were being a male veteran with an index event that met DSM–5 Criterion A, and self-identifying as being appropriate for a PTSD treatment study. See Table 1 for characteristics of the sample.

Weathers F.W., Bovin M.J., Lee D.J., Sloan D.M., Schnurr P.P., Kaloupek D.G., Keane T.M, & Marx B.P. (2017). The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM–5 (CAPS-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation in Military Veterans. Psychological assessment, 30(3), 383-395.

Publication 2017

Diagnosis Interviewers Males Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Primary Health Care Primed In Situ Labeling Tests, Diagnostic Veterans Wounds and Injuries

Diagnostic Assessment of DSM-5 Disorders

Cited 77 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2014

Agoraphobia Alcohol Use Disorder Anxiety Disorders Cannabis Central Nervous System Stimulants Club Drugs Cocaine Conduct Disorder Diagnosis Disorder, Depressive Drug Use Disorders Dysthymic Disorder Hallucinogens Heroin Inhalation Drug Administration Manic Episode Mood Disorders Opioids Panic Disorder Pharmaceutical Preparations Phobia, Social Phobia, Specific Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Sedatives Solvents Tobacco Products Tobacco Use Disorder Tranquilizing Agents

Trauma, PTSD, and Depression in Urban Patients

Cited 65 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2009

African American Eligibility Determination Ethics Committees, Research Historical Trauma Intellectual Disability Pharmaceutical Preparations Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Primary Health Care Psychotic Disorders Rooming-in Care SCID Mice Woman Wounds and Injuries

Psychometric Assessment of COVID-19 Impacts

Cited 59 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2020

Anxiety COVID 19 diacetoxyscirpenol Epidemics Patients Physical Examination Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Psychometrics Respiratory Diaphragm

Assessing Depression and Anxiety Symptoms

Cited 58 times

The PHQ-9 consists of 9 items representing the criterion symptoms for DSM 5 major depressive disorder.^{31 (link)} Respondents are asked how much each symptom has bothered them over the past 2 weeks, with response options of “not at all”, “several days”, “more than half the days”, and “nearly every day”, scored as 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The PHQ-9 can be scored as either a continuous variable from 0 to 27 (with higher scores representing more severe depression) or categorically using a diagnostic algorithm for major depressive or other depressive disorder. The GAD-7 has 7 items with response options identical to the PHQ-9 and therefore can be scored as a continuous variable from 0 to 21 (with higher scores representing more severe anxiety). Although originally developed as a measure to detect generalized anxiety disorder^{32 (link)}, the operating characteristics of the GAD-7 are nearly as good for the other common anxiety disorders in clinical practice – panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder.^{23 (link)} The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 have strong internal and test-retest reliability as well as construct and factor-structure validity.^{20 (link)} Moreover, both measures have proven sensitive to change when monitoring treatment response.^{20 (link);33 (link)-36 (link)} The PHQ-ADS is the sum of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores and thus can range from 0 to 48, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression and anxiety symptomatology.

Kroenke K., Wu J., Yu Z., Bair M.J., Kean J., Stump T, & Monahan P.O. (2016). The Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS): Initial Validation in Three Clinical Trials. Psychosomatic medicine, 78(6), 716-727.

Publication 2016

Anxiety Disorders Diagnosis Major Depressive Disorder Panic Disorder Phobia, Social Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Most recents protocols related to «Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder»

Catheter-Based Renal Neuromodulation for Hypertension

Not available on PMC !

Example 2

Example 2 describes the outcome of catheter-based renal neuromodulation on human patients diagnosed with hypertension. Patients selected having a baseline systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or more (≥150 mm Hg for patients with type 2 diabetes) and taking three or more antihypertensive drugs, were randomly allocated into two groups: 51 assessed in a control group (antihypertensive drugs only) and 49 assessed in a treated group (undergone renal neuromodulation and antihypertensive drugs).

Patients in both groups were assessed at 6 months. Office-based blood pressure measurements in the treated group were reduced by 32/12 mm Hg (SD 23/11, baseline of 178/96 mm Hg, p<0.0001), whereas they did not differ from baseline in the control group (change of I/O mm Hg, baseline of 178/97 mm Hg, p=0.77 systolic and p=0.83 diastolic). Between-group differences in blood pressure at 6 months were 33/11 mm Hg (p<0.0001). At 6 months, 41 (84%) of 49 patients who underwent renal neuromodulation had a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more, compared with 18 (35%) of 51 control patients (p<0.0001).

US11865343B2. Methods for treating post-traumatic stress disorder in patients via renal neuromodulation (2024-01-09). Medtronic Ireland Manufacturing Unlimited Company [IE]. Inventors: Marcia Gallagher [IE], Douglas A. Hettrick [US].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Antihypertensive Agents BLOOD Blood Pressure Catheters Determination, Blood Pressure Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Diastole High Blood Pressures Homo sapiens Kidney Patients Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Pressure Systole Systolic Pressure

Renal Nerve Ablation: Sympathetic Reduction

Not available on PMC !

Example 1

This section describes an example of the outcome of renal neuromodulation on human patients. A total of 45 patients (mean age of 58±9 years) diagnosed with essential hypertension were treated with percutaneous, catheter based renal nerve ablation. Treatment included RF energy delivery to the renal artery using a single-electrode Symplicity Flex™ catheter commercially available from Medtronic, Inc., of 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55432-5604. In this human trial, a radiotracer dilution method was used to assess overflow of norepinephrine from the kidneys into circulation before and 15-30 days after the procedure in 10 patients. Bilateral renal-nerve ablation resulted in a marked reduction in mean norepinephrine spillover from both kidneys: 47% (95% confidence interval) one month after treatment.

In a similar human trial where bilateral renal nerve ablation was performed in 70 patients, whole-body norepinephrine levels (i.e., a measure of “total” sympathetic activity), fell by nearly 50% after renal nerve ablation and measurement of muscle sympathetic nerve activity showed a drop of 66% over 6 months, further supporting the conclusion that total sympathetic dive was reduced by the renal denervation procedure in this patient group.

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Aftercare Catheter Ablation, Percutaneous Catheters Essential Hypertension Homo sapiens Human Body Kidney Muscle Denervation Muscle Tissue Nervousness Norepinephrine Obstetric Delivery Patients Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Renal Artery Renal Circulation Technique, Dilution

Trauma, Resilience, and Well-being in Aboriginal Australians

Cited 2 times

The study was reviewed and approved by the University of Melbourne Behavioral and Social Sciences Human Ethics Subcommittee, the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee, and the Victorian Aboriginal Health Service research subcommittee and Board of Directors in 2010. The methodology of the study and broader PhD program was grounded in Aboriginal scholar Lester-Irabinna Rigney’s three interrelated research principles that included privileging Aboriginal voices, political integrity, and resistance as the emancipatory imperative [31 , 32 ]. It also utilised Maori researcher Sir Mason Durie’s concept of research at the interface of Indigenous knowledge and science [33 (link)], with the design of the study also located in the field of psychology and public health.
Independent t-tests and pearson correlations were conducted to examine our hypotheses that: (1) client’s with personal experiences of child removal from natural family would report greater posttraumatic stress symptom severity in comparison to those who did not experience removal; (2) experiences of racism would be associated with greater posttraumatic stress symptom severity; and, (3) contrary to consistent findings in the worldwide PTSD literature, male Aboriginal help-seeking clients would report greater trauma symptom severity than female Aboriginal help-seeking clients. An exploratory analysis was also conducted to examine associations between trauma symptom severity and a range of strengths and cultural determinants of wellbeing from the subscales of the ARRQ (Gee, 2016), including: cultural identity, cultural practices, spirituality, community connection, opportunities in community, communal mastery, and safety. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine our hypothesis that (4) total strength scores would moderate the relationship between trauma exposure and trauma symptom severity, after controlling for financial distress. We also conducted an exploratory hierarchical regression analysis to investigate the contributing role of trauma exposure, stressful life events, and resilience in predicting trauma symptom severity, after controlling for financial distress.

Gee G., Hulbert C., Kennedy H, & Paradies Y. (2023). Cultural determinants and resilience and recovery factors associated with trauma among Aboriginal help-seeking clients from an Aboriginal community-controlled counselling service. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 155.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Child Ethics Committees, Research Homo sapiens Males Maori Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Safety Spiritual Therapies Woman Wounds and Injuries

Unipolar Depression Treatment Cohort Study

We aim to establish a cohort of 800 patients referred to the Danish treatment packages for unipolar first-episode, non-psychotic depression during 2021–2025. We recruit patients from all six clinics in the region. Each clinic receives approximately 100–250 treatment referrals yearly, and approximately 1100 patients are referred yearly. Approximately 80% of referrals are sent directly to the clinics. Patients are recruited during evaluation at the central diagnostic and referral centre or the first consultation in the clinics. Approximately 88% of referrals result in treatment package initiation.
During 2019–2020, 37% of patients were on an antidepressant (usually the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Sertraline from their GP) when starting the treatment package, and 54% of patients ended the treatment package on an antidepressant medication. 13% of patients were transferred to a treatment package for a different primary diagnosis group, e.g., generalised, social anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, emotionally unstable personality, avoidant personality disorder, eating disorder or obsessive–compulsive disorder. 20% dropped out of treatment. 5% of patients were hospitalised during their treatment package; hospitalization does not preclude the continuation of the treatment package.
The treatment package is a program with manualised psychotherapy in groups of eight patients as the core treatment module together with psychoeducation for the patient and relative (Sup. Table 1). In brief, a treatment package consists of 15–18 h: 2–3 h of initial workup followed by 6 h of individual therapy or 12 sessions of 2 h group therapy (8 patients per group); 1–2 h of engagement and psychoeducation of relatives; 1–5 h of medication clinic; and 2 h of relapse prevention. The program is designed around group-based CBT, but clinics also offer alternatives to CBT, e.g., psychodynamic and schema therapy, and groups for specific demographics, e.g., men or adolescents, and individual therapy. Medication is available as needed.
The research and assessment at baseline for recruited participants is conducted at the Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) at the Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet and followed by clinicians from the Mental Health Centre Copenhagen who are not involved in the patient's treatment.

Jensen K.H., Dam V.H., Ganz M., Fisher P.M., Ip C.T., Sankar A., Marstrand-Joergensen M.R., Ozenne B., Osler M., Penninx B.W., Pinborg L.H., Frokjaer V.G., Knudsen G.M, & Jørgensen M.B. (2023). Deep phenotyping towards precision psychiatry of first-episode depression — the Brain Drugs-Depression cohort. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 151.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Adolescent Antidepressive Agents Avoidant Personality Disorder Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Eating Disorders Group Therapy Hospitalization Mental Disorders Mental Health Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Relapse Prevention Schema Therapy Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Sertraline Social Anxiety

Longitudinal Neuroimaging of PTSD Patients

Participant recruitment for the study commenced from August 2009 and ended June 2014. Participants were 51 treatment-seeking patients, 36 of whom had viable imaging data at baseline and 27 of these with follow-up MRI data. For this manuscript we include data from the 27 PTSD patients (13 females; age = 40.9 ± 11.8 years) who completed MRIs at both visits (see CONSORT diagram in Supplementary Fig. S1).
The PTSD sample had developed PTSD after experiencing assault, childhood abuse, motor vehicle accidents, or during police duties. PTSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria by masters or doctoral level clinical psychologists using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS; [19 (link)]. Symptoms were detected according to the ‘2/1’ method, in which symptoms were experienced for at least twice a month and caused moderate levels of distress. Levels of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Patients that reported psychosis, bipolar disorder, substance dependence, neurological disorders, or moderate to severe brain injury were excluded from the study. Patients taking medication (10 on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) were included on the condition that the dosage was stable for the previous two months and continued to be stable for the duration of the study. In addition, 21 controls (9 females; mean age 36.9 ± 14.0 years) who were age and gender-matched to the PTSD group were included in the study. Control participants had not experienced a Criterion A stressor and did not have an Axis I disorder, as assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI version 5.5) [20 (link)].
All participants underwent clinical and imaging assessments at baseline and again 12 weeks later. This study was approved by the Western Sydney Area Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee and informed consent was obtained from participants.

Korgaonkar M.S., Felmingham K.L., Malhi G.S., Williamson T.H., Williams L.M, & Bryant R.A. (2023). Changes in neural responses during affective and non-affective tasks and improvement of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following trauma-focused psychotherapy. Translational Psychiatry, 13, 85.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Anxiety Bipolar Disorder Brain Injuries Drug Abuse Epistropheus Ethics Committees, Research Females Gender Homo sapiens Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nervous System Disorder Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Psychotic Disorders Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Substance Dependence Traffic Accidents

Top products related to «Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder»

Sas 9 by SAS Institute

Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Belgium, United Kingdom, Cameroon, China, Denmark, Canada, Israel, New Caledonia, Germany, Poland, India, France, Ireland, Australia

SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.

Sas version 9 by SAS Institute

Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Cameroon, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, Israel, Denmark, Australia, New Caledonia, France, Argentina, Sweden, Ireland, India

SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.

Spss version 25 by IBM

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Austria, Germany, Denmark, Czechia, Belgium, Sweden, New Zealand, Spain

SPSS version 25 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It is designed to analyze and manage data, providing users with a wide range of statistical analysis tools and techniques. The software is widely used in various fields, including academia, research, and business, for data processing, analysis, and reporting purposes.

Sas v9 by SAS Institute

Sourced in United States, Austria, United Kingdom, Cameroon, Belgium, Israel, Japan, Australia, France, Germany

SAS v9.4 is a software product developed by SAS Institute. It is a comprehensive data analysis and statistical software suite. The core function of SAS v9.4 is to provide users with tools for data management, analysis, and reporting.

Spss version 22 by IBM

Sourced in United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Austria, Germany, Czechia, Belgium, Denmark, Canada

SPSS version 22.0 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It is designed to analyze and manipulate data for research and business purposes. The software provides a range of statistical analysis tools and techniques, including regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and data visualization.

Spss version 20 by IBM

Sourced in United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, Austria, Spain, France, Denmark, Switzerland, Ireland

SPSS version 20 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides a range of data analysis and management tools. The core function of SPSS version 20 is to assist users in conducting statistical analysis on data.

Spss version 24 by IBM

Sourced in United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, Austria, China, Spain, Ireland

SPSS version 24 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for data analysis, including techniques for descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and predictive modeling. The software is designed to help users interpret data, identify trends, and make informed decisions based on statistical insights.

Spss version 19 by IBM

Sourced in United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, India, China, Austria, Australia

SPSS version 19.0 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides tools for data analysis, data management, and data visualization. The core function of SPSS is to enable users to conduct a wide range of statistical analyses, including regression, correlation, and non-parametric tests.

Stata 15 by StataCorp

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Austria, Denmark

Stata 15 is a comprehensive, integrated statistical software package that provides a wide range of tools for data analysis, management, and visualization. It is designed to facilitate efficient and effective statistical analysis, catering to the needs of researchers, analysts, and professionals across various fields.

Stata version 13 by StataCorp

Sourced in United States, Denmark, Austria, United Kingdom

Stata version 13 is a software package designed for data analysis, statistical modeling, and visualization. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for managing, analyzing, and presenting data. Stata 13 offers a wide range of statistical methods, including regression analysis, time-series analysis, and multilevel modeling, among others. The software is suitable for use in various fields, such as economics, social sciences, and medical research.

More about "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder"

Exploring the Impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): From Intrusive Thoughts to Cognitive Changes Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, or sexual assault.
Individuals with PTSD may struggle with a range of debilitating symptoms, including intrusive thoughts, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the traumatic event.
Aside from the psychological impact, PTSD can also lead to negative changes in an individual's mood and cognition, affecting their overall well-being and daily functioning.
Effective treatments, such as psychotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medication (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), are available to help manage PTSD symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected.
The impact of PTSD can be far-reaching, and it is essential to understand the various aspects of this mental health condition.
Researchers have utilized statistical software like SAS (version 9.4), SPSS (versions 19.0, 20, 22.0, 24, 25), and Stata (versions 13, 15) to analyze data and gain deeper insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and effective interventions for PTSD.
By exploring the MeSH term description and the metadescription provided, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of PTSD and the resources available to support those affected.
PubCompare.ai, for instance, offers an innovative AI-powered platform to streamline PTSD research, locate the best protocols, and discover the most effective solutions to this complex mental health challenge.
In summary, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a debilitating condition that can have a significant impact on an individual's daily life and functioning.
Through a deeper understanding of the symptoms, risk factors, and available treatments, we can work towards improving the well-being of those affected by PTSD and enhancing their overall quality of life.