> Disorders > Neoplastic Process > Melanoma, B16

Melanoma, B16

Melanoma, B16 is a well-studied type of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin.
It is frequently used as a model system for studying melanoma biology and evaluating new treatment approaches.
The B16 cell line, derived from a spontaneous murine melanoma, exhibits rapid growth and metastatic potential, making it a valuable tool for preclinical research.
Understanding the complexities of Melanoma, B16 is crucial for advancing our knowledge of this aggressive form of cancer and developing more effective therapeutic strategies.

Most cited protocols related to «Melanoma, B16»

Adoptive T Cell Therapy for Melanoma

Cited 22 times

Mice were injected subcutaneously with 1–5 × 10⁵ B16 melanoma cells and treated with intravenous adoptive transfer of freshly isolated 10^6–7 fresh splenocytes (∼2 × 10⁶ CD8⁺ Vβ13⁺ T cells) or in vitro–activated pmel-1 splenocytes (10^6–7 CD8⁺ Vβ13⁺ T cells). Mice (n = 5 for all groups) were vaccinated by intravenous injection of 2 × 10⁷ plaque-forming units of rVV or rFPV encoding mgp100, hgp100, or β-galactosidase (31 (link)) or by subcutaneous injection with 100 μl water/IFA emulsion containing 100 μg of mgp100_25–33, hgp100_25–33, or β-gal_96–103 peptide followed by two daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 μg anti-CD40 mAb purified from FGK45 hybridoma culture supernatant. rhIL-2 (a gift from Chiron Corp.) was administered intraperitoneally directly after vaccination (100,000 Cetus Units or 600,000 IU rhIL-2 in PBS, twice daily for 3–5 d). Tumors were measured with calipers and the products of perpendicular diameters were recorded. Mice were killed once tumors reached 400 mm². All experiments were performed in a blinded, randomized fashion (measuring investigator had no knowledge of the experimental group) and performed independently at least twice with similar results.

Overwijk W.W., Theoret M.R., Finkelstein S.E., Surman D.R., de Jong L.A., Vyth-Dreese F.A., Dellemijn T.A., Antony P.A., Spiess P.J., Palmer D.C., Heimann D.M., Klebanoff C.A., Yu Z., Hwang L.N., Feigenbaum L., Kruisbeek A.M., Rosenberg S.A, & Restifo N.P. (2003). Tumor Regression and Autoimmunity after Reversal of a Functionally Tolerant State of Self-reactive CD8+ T Cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 198(4), 569-580.

Publication 2003

Adoptive Transfer beta-Galactosidase CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cells Dental Plaque Emulsions FGK45 monoclonal antibody Hybridomas Injections, Intraperitoneal Melanoma, B16 Mus Neoplasms Peptides SILV protein, human Subcutaneous Injections Vaccination

Preclinical Mouse Models for Immunotherapy

Cited 20 times

Five to seven week old female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were obtained from NCI Production (Frederick, MD) and Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) and maintained under pathogen free conditions. All animal experiments were performed according to protocols approved by the Institute of Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Pennsylvania. For B16-F10 melanoma, 5×10⁴ B16-F10 cells were mixed with an equal volume of Matrigel (BD Biosciences) and subcutaneously injected on the right flank of C57BL/6 mice on day 0 and the left flank on day 2. The right flank tumor site was irradiated with 20 Gy on day 8. Blocking antibodies were given on days 5, 8 and 11. For the concurrent vs. sequential RT experiment, the right flank was irradiated on either day 8 (sequential) or 12 (concurrent), while blocking antibodies were given on days 9, 12, and 15. For TSA breast cancer, 1×10⁵ TSA cells were mixed with an equal volume of Matrigel (BD Biosciences) and subcutaneously injected on the right flank of BALB/c on day 0 and the left flank on day 2. The right flank of the mice was irradiated with 8 Gy on three consecutive days starting on day 10 or 11 post tumor implantation. Blocking antibodies were started 3 days prior to RT and given every 3 days for a total of 3 doses. For the pancreatic cancer model, 4×10⁵ PDA.4662 cells were subcutaneously injected on the right flank. The right flank was irradiated with 20 Gy on day 8. Blocking antibodies were given on days 5, 8, and 11. For melanoma and breast cancer models, we used the optimal dose and fraction of radiation as previously reported^{23 (link),24 (link)}. All irradiation was performed using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP). Antibodies used for in vivo immune checkpoint blockade experiments were given intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 μg/mouse and include: CTLA4 (9H10), PD-1 (RMP1-14), PDL-1 (10F.9G2), CD8 (2.43), and rat IgG2B isotype (LTF-2) (BioXCell). Anti-CD8 was given 2 days prior to tumor implantations (day −2), day 0, then every 4 days for the duration of the experiment. Perpendicular tumor diameters were measured using calipers. Volume was calculated using the formula L × W² × 0.52, where L is the longest dimension and W is the perpendicular dimension.

Victor C.T., Rech A.J., Maity A., Rengan R., Pauken K.E., Stelekati E., Benci J.L., Xu B., Dada H., Odorizzi P.M., Herati R.S., Mansfield K.D., Patsch D., Amaravadi R.K., Schuchter L.M., Ishwaran H., Mick R., Pryma D.A., Xu X., Feldman M.D., Gangadhar T.C., Hahn S.M., Wherry E.J., Vonderheide R.H, & Minn A.J. (2015). Radiation and Dual Checkpoint Blockade Activates Non-Redundant Immune Mechanisms in Cancer. Nature, 520(7547), 373-377.

Publication 2015

Animals Antibodies Antibodies, Blocking Cells CTLA4 protein, human IgG2B Immune Checkpoint Blockade Immunoglobulin Isotypes Malignant Neoplasm of Breast matrigel Melanoma Melanoma, B16 Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Neoplasms Ovum Implantation Pancreatic Carcinoma pathogenesis Radiation Radiotherapy Woman

Calculating Target Cell Killing Constant

Cited 11 times

The value of k (the experimentally determined target cell killing constant) was calculated as previously described (Li et al., 2004 (link)) using Eq. 1 (b_t/b₀ = e^−kpt⁺^gt). b_t = experimentally determined target cell concentration per milliliter of gel or tumor at time t (in minutes) of co-incubation of antigen-expressing target cells with antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells in collagen-fibrin gels or inoculation of mice with antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells. b₀ = initial target cell concentration per ml gel or tumor. The CD8⁺ CTC was calculated using Eq. 2 (Li et al., 2004 (link); CTC = g/k). g = the experimentally determined rate of B16 cell growth in vitro or in vivo or of increase in polyoma virus–infected target cells, calculated using the relationship ln b_t/b₀ = g × t (min). We estimated mouse spleen volume and wet weight for LCMV infected mice to be 0.15 ml and 0.15 g, respectively, and 0.1 ml and 0.1 g, respectively, for polyoma virus–infected mice. B16 melanoma tumors contain 3 × 10⁸ B16 cells/ml or /g of tumor (Stephens and Peacock, 1978 (link)).

Budhu S., Loike J.D., Pandolfi A., Han S., Catalano G., Constantinescu A., Clynes R, & Silverstein S.C. (2010). CD8+ T cell concentration determines their efficiency in killing cognate antigen–expressing syngeneic mammalian cells in vitro and in mouse tissues. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 207(1), 223-235.

Publication 2010

Antigens CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cells Collagen Fibrin Germ Cells Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Melanoma, B16 Mus Neoplasms Polyomavirus Spleen Vaccination

Establishment of PyMT-BO1 Bone Metastasis Model

Cited 10 times

In 2013, the parental MMTV-PyMT cells (PyMT-B6) (Kindly provided by Dr. DeNardo, Washington University in St. Louis) were isolated from a fully invasive mammary tumor that spontaneous arose at day 120 in a C57bL/6 background MMTV-PyMT mouse, a mouse model that represents an anti-estrogen sensitive, luminal B breast cancer. The tumor was collagenase treated, grown in single-cell suspension on a collagen-coated plate, and cloned to establish the parent PyMT-B6 cell line. Parent PyMT-B6 cells were injected into the mammary fat pad (MFP) tissue of a female C57BL/6J mouse, and after reaching a tumor size approaching 1cm, tumor cells were collagenase treated and cultured in a cell culture dish. The cultured tumor cells were intracardially injected into a 6-week-old female C57BL/6J mouse to establish bone metastases. 12 days post-intracardiac inoculation, the bone tumor was harvested and cultured in a cell culture dish with DMEM media plus 10% FBS to establish the PyMT-BO1 subline, which when compared to the parent PyMT-B6 cells, had a higher incidence of inducing bone metastases after either orthotopic MFP or intracardiac injection. The PyMT-BO1 cells were infected with lentivirus containing the GFP-firefly luciferase genes as described previously (28 (link)). GFP-expressing PyMT-BO1 cells were FACS sorted, cultured, and validated for luciferase expression; this cell line was named PyMT-BO1-GFP-Luc. PyMT-B6, PyMT-BO1, and PyMT-BO1-GFP-Luc cells were evaluated by qPCR, and all express the PyMT, Esr1, Esr2, and Itgb3 genes. These cell lines were tested as CD45 negative and pan-Keratin positive by FACS in 2013 and 2015.
The B16-F10 C57BL/6 murine melanoma cell line (ATCC) was modified to express firefly luciferase (B16F10-Luc) as described (29 (link)). In 2015, this cell line was tested as CD45 negative and integrin beta3 positive by FACS.

Su X., Esser A.K., Amend S.R., Xiang J., Xu Y., Ross M.H., Fox G.C., Kobayashi T., Steri V., Roomp K., Fontana F., Hurchla M.A., Knolhoff B.L., Meyer M.A., Morgan E.A., Tomasson J.C., Novack J.S., Zou W., Faccio R., Novack D.V., Robinson S.D., Teitelbaum S.L., DeNardo D.G., Schneider J.G, & Weilbaecher K.N. (2016). Antagonizing integrin beta3 increases immune suppression in cancer. Cancer research, 76(12), 3484-3495.

Publication 2016

Animal Mammary Neoplasms Bones Breast Breast Carcinoma Cell Culture Techniques Cell Lines Cells Collagen Collagenase Cytokeratin Estrogens Genes Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Integrin beta3 ITGB3 protein, human Lentivirus Luciferases Luciferases, Firefly Melanoma, B16 Mice, Inbred C57BL Mouse mammary tumor virus Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Neoplasms, Bone Pad, Fat Parent Phenobarbital Tissues Tumor Cells, Cultured Vaccination Woman

Generation and Characterization of Conditional Foxp3 Mutant Mice

Cited 10 times

CNS1KO (Foxp3^ΔCNS1), Foxp3^GFP, Foxp3^Thy1.1 and Foxp3^DTR mice were previously described^{7 (link), 22 (link), 23 (link)}. Male C57BL/6 (B6) mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. and groups of 5 co-housed mice were randomly assigned to treatment vs. control groups after confirmation that age and weight were in accordance between groups. Male mice were used for all experiments. All strains were maintained in the Sloan-Kettering Institute animal facility in accordance with institutional guidelines. For antibiotic treatment, mice were given 1 g L⁻¹ metronidazole (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.5 g L⁻¹ vancomycin (Hospira), 1 g L⁻¹ ampicillin (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 g L⁻¹ kanamycin (Fisher Scientific) in drinking water (AVNM). For butyrate, acetate and propionate administration, each SCFA was added to AVNM-containing drinking water at 36 mM and pH-adjusted as needed. DCs were expanded in vivo by subcutaneous injection of B16 melanoma cells secreting FLT3-ligand and purified using CD11c (N418) magnetic beads (Dynabeads, Invitrogen). In vitro Foxp3 induction assays were performed by incubating 5.5 × 10⁴ FACS-sorted naïve CD44^loCD62L^hiCD25^-CD4⁺T cells with 1 μg ml⁻¹ of CD3 antibodyin the presence of DCsin 96-well flat-bottom plates for 4 d. Alternatively, naïve CD4⁺T cells were stimulated with CD3 and CD28 antibody-coated beads (Dynabeads Mouse T-Activator, Invitrogen) at a 1:1 cell-to-bead ratio. All cultures were supplemented with 1 ng mL^-1 TGF-β and 100 U ml⁻¹ IL-2. Intracellular staining for IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13 and Foxp3 was performed using the Foxp3 staining kit (eBiosciences). Cytokine staining was performed after re-stimulation of ex vivo isolated cells with 5 μg ml⁻¹ CD3 antibody and 5 μg ml⁻¹ CD28 antibody in the presence of Golgi-plug (BD Biosciences) for 5 h. Stool samples were collected directly into sterile tubes from live mice and snap-frozen before preparation of material for SCFA quantification by HPLC or LC-MS. HPLC analysis of 2-nitrophenylhydrazine HCl-derivatized SCFA present in stool extracts was performed as describedelsewhere ^{24 (link)}. H3K27Ac ChIP-qPCR was performed as previously described^{25 (link)}.

Arpaia N., Campbell C., Fan X., Dikiy S., van der Veeken J., deRoos P., Liu H., Cross J.R., Pfeffer K., Coffer P.J, & Rudensky A.Y. (2013). Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T cell generation. Nature, 504(7480), 451-455.

Publication 2013

Acetate Ampicillin Animals Antibiotics Biological Assay Butyrate CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes Cells Cytokine DNA Chips Feces flt3 ligand Freezing Golgi Apparatus High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies IL17A protein, human Immunoglobulins Interferon Type II Interleukin-13 Kanamycin Males Melanoma, B16 Metronidazole Mus Propionate Protoplasm Sterility, Reproductive Strains Subcutaneous Injections T-Lymphocyte TGF-beta1 Vancomycin

Most recents protocols related to «Melanoma, B16»

Combination Therapy Enhances Melanoma Survival

Not available on PMC !

Example 9

Combination of NOS Inhibitor with IFNγ Promotes Mouse Melanoma Therapy

To test the role of tumor stromal cell-produced NO on tumor immunotherapy, B16-F0 melanoma cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice on day 0 (0.5×10⁶cells/mouse). IFNγ (250 ng/mouse) or 1400 W (NOS inhibitor, 0.1 mg/mouse) were administrated by i.p. injection on day 4, 8, 12, 16, 20. Mice survival was recorded when mice were moribund. It was observed that the combined therapy dramatically promoted mouse survival (FIG. 5). Thus, IFNγ has dual roles in tumor development; one is to prevent tumor development by producing some angiostatic factors or blocking some angiogenesis factor production, the other is to induce immunosuppression by tumor stromal or other environmental cells through producing factors like NO, IDO, or PGE2. Thus, inhibition of one or more of NO, IDO or PGE2 can dramatically enhance cancer treatment. Therefore, when immunotherapies such as those based on cytokines, vaccination, antibodies, dendritic cells, or T cells, are used to treat cancer, the tumor stromal cells might be responsible for the inability of these treatment to completely eradicate tumors in most cases. The combined used of inhibitors to iNOS and IDO with immunotherapies could provide effective ways to eradicate tumors.

US11872250B2. Methods for inducing an immune response by administering activated mesenchymal stem cells (2024-01-16). Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [US]. Inventors: Yufang Shi [US], Guangwen Ren [US], Liying Zhang [US].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

1400 W Angiogenesis Factor Antibodies Cells Cytokine Dendritic Cells Dinoprostone Immunosuppression Immunotherapy inhibitors Interferon Type II Malignant Neoplasms Melanoma Melanoma, B16 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Neoplasms NOS2A protein, human Psychological Inhibition Psychotherapy, Multiple Response, Immune Stromal Cells T-Lymphocyte Vaccination

Lung Metastasis Suppression by Anti-S100A8/A9

Not available on PMC !

Example 6

Through use of a lung metastasis model of mouse melanoma B16-BL6 cells, the lung metastasis-suppressing effects of anti-S100A8/A9 monoclonal antibodies were investigated. For melanoma, the presence or absence of metastasis can be easily judged by its black color.

In accordance with a protocol illustrated in FIG. 13, 1×10⁵mouse melanoma B16-BL6 cells and 50 μg of each anti-S100A8/A9 monoclonal antibodies (Clone Nos.: 45, 85, 235, 258, and 260) were simultaneously injected into the tail vein of five Balb/c nu/nu mice per group, and 1 month later, CT scans were performed. FIG. 14 shows the results for comparing typical mouse lung and CT images and areas calculated from the CT images to those of a negative control group. As a result, it was recognized that Clone Nos. 45, 85, 235, and 258 showed significant lung metastasis-suppressing effects. In particular, Clone No. 45 was found to have a strong metastasis-suppressing effect.

US11858984B2. Anti-S100A8/A9 antibody and use thereof (2024-01-02). NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY [JP], NIIGATA UNIVERSITY [JP], NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION GUNMA UNIVERSITY [JP], KAWASAKI GAKUENN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION [JP]. Inventors: Masakiyo Sakaguchi [JP], Shinichi Toyooka [JP], Shuta Tomida [JP], Kazuhiko Shien [JP], Hiroki Sato [JP], Rie Kinoshita [JP], Junichiro Futami [JP], Kota Araki [JP], Mikio Okazaki [JP], Eisaku Kondo [JP], Yusuke Inoue [JP], Akira Yamauchi [JP].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Cells Clone Cells Lung Melanoma Melanoma, B16 Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Nude Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Tail Veins Veins, Pulmonary X-Ray Computed Tomography

Anti-Cancer Effects of Essential Oils

Not available on PMC !

Example 12

The anti-cancer cell proliferation effect of LM-EO and KWM-EO against B16 melanoma cells was determined by MTT assay. The results in FIG. 13 reveal that both LM-EO and KWM-EO inhibited B16 melanoma cells viability dose-dependently. The IC₅₀of LM-EO on B16 cells was 25.39 μg/mL (FIG. 13A) and KWM-EO was 53.32 μg/mL (FIG. 13B).

US11872260B2. Mint essential oils inhibit HRAS^Q61Lmutant keratinocyte activity and prevent skin carcinogenesis (2024-01-16). ACADEMIA SINICA [TW]. Inventors: Lie-Fen Shyur [TW], Chih-Ting Chang [TW], Yuhsin Chen [TW].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Biological Assay Cell Proliferation Cells Cell Survival Malignant Neoplasms Melanoma, B16

Characterization of Melanoma Cell Lines

B78-D14 [“B78”, obtained from Ralph Reisfeld (Scripps Research Institute) in 2002] melanoma is a poorly immunogenic cell line derived from B78-H1 cells, which were originally derived from B16 melanoma (Becker et al., 1996 (link); Haraguchi et al., 1994 (link); Silagi, 1969 (link)). B78-D14 cells lack melanin, but were transfected with functional GD2/GD3 synthase to express the disialoganglioside GD2 (Becker et al., 1996 (link); Haraguchi et al., 1994 (link)), which is overexpressed on the surface of many human tumors including melanoma (Nazha et al., 2020 (link)). B16-F10 melanoma was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) in 2005. The murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line Panc02 was purchased from ATCC. Panc02, B78 and B16 cells were grown in vitro in RPMI-1640 (Mediatech) supplemented with 10% FBS, 2mMol L-glutamine, 100U/ml penicillin, and 100μg/ml streptomycin. Mycoplasma testing via PCR was routinely performed.

Hoefges A., McIlwain S., Erbe A., Mathers N., Xu A., Melby D., Tetreault K., Le T., Kim K., Pinapati R., Garcia B., Patel J., Heck M., Feils A., Tsarovsky N., Hank J., Morris Z., Ong I, & Sondel P. (2023). Antibody landscape of C57BL/6 mice cured of B78 melanoma via immunotherapy. bioRxiv.

Full text: Click here

Publication Preprint 2023

Antigens Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Cell Lines Cells GA2 synthase Glutamine Homo sapiens Melanins Melanoma Melanoma, B16 Mus Mycoplasma Neoplasms Penicillins Streptomycin

Quantifying Tumor-Specific T-Cell Response

Spleens from DC–tumor cell fusion vaccine‐treated mice were isolated 10 days after the last DC–tumor cell fusion vaccine injection. Splenocytes were isolated from the spleens as described previously. To stimulate splenocytes, B16‐F10 melanoma cells were treated with 15 μg·mL⁻¹ mitomycin C (Nacalai Tesque Inc.) for 45 min. Splenocytes harvested from vaccine‐treated mice and mitomycin C‐treated B16‐F10 melanoma cells were mixed at a ratio of 10 : 1 and co‐cultured for 48 h. Nonadherent splenocytes were collected, and ELISpot assay was performed using the Mouse IFN‐γ Development Module (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and the ELISpot Blue Color Module (R&D Systems). The numbers of IFN‐γ‐secreting cells were subsequently counted.

Chang C.Y., Tai J.A., Sakaguchi Y., Nishikawa T., Hirayama Y, & Yamashita K. (2023). Enhancement of polyethylene glycol‐cell fusion efficiency by novel application of transient pressure using a jet injector. FEBS Open Bio, 13(3), 478-489.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Biological Assay Cancer Vaccines Cells Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay Fusions, Cell IFNG protein, mouse Interferon Type II Melanoma, B16 Mitomycin Mus Vaccines

Top products related to «Melanoma, B16»

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal

Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, France, Canada, Australia, Japan, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, Israel, Austria, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Brazil, Denmark, Argentina, Sweden, New Zealand, Ireland, India, Gabon, Macao, Portugal, Czechia, Singapore, Norway, Thailand, Uruguay, Moldova, Republic of, Finland, Panama

Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.

Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Israel, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Gabon, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Brazil, Macao, India, Singapore, Poland, Argentina, Cameroon, Uruguay, Morocco, Panama, Colombia, Holy See (Vatican City State), Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Mexico, Thailand, Palestine, State of, Finland, Moldova, Republic of, Jamaica, Czechia

Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Penicillin by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, France, Canada, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Israel, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Brazil, Netherlands, Gabon, Denmark, Poland, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Argentina, India, Macao, Uruguay, Portugal, Holy See (Vatican City State), Czechia, Singapore, Panama, Thailand, Moldova, Republic of, Finland, Morocco

Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.

Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia, Canada, Japan, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Israel, New Zealand, Ireland, Denmark, India, Poland, Sweden, Argentina, Netherlands, Brazil, Macao, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Cameroon, Hong Kong, Portugal, Morocco, Hungary, Finland, Puerto Rico, Holy See (Vatican City State), Gabon, Bulgaria, Norway, Jamaica

DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.

Rpmi 1640 medium by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, France, Canada, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, New Zealand, Spain, Israel, Sweden, Denmark, Macao, Brazil, Ireland, India, Austria, Netherlands, Holy See (Vatican City State), Poland, Norway, Cameroon, Hong Kong, Morocco, Singapore, Thailand, Argentina, Taiwan, Province of China, Palestine, State of, Finland, Colombia, United Arab Emirates

RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.

B16f10 melanoma cells by American Type Culture Collection

Sourced in United States

B16F10 melanoma cells are a well-established cell line derived from a mouse melanoma. They are widely used in cancer research for various applications.

L glutamine by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Switzerland, Italy, Australia, Belgium, China, Japan, Austria, Spain, Brazil, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Netherlands, Gabon, Macao, New Zealand, Holy See (Vatican City State), Portugal, Poland, Argentina, Colombia, India, Denmark, Singapore, Panama, Finland, Cameroon

L-glutamine is an amino acid that is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in cell culture media. It serves as a source of nitrogen and supports cellular growth and metabolism.

Rpmi 1640 by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Japan, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, New Zealand, Austria, Netherlands, Israel, Sweden, Denmark, India, Ireland, Spain, Brazil, Norway, Argentina, Macao, Poland, Holy See (Vatican City State), Mexico, Hong Kong, Portugal, Cameroon

RPMI 1640 is a common cell culture medium used for the in vitro cultivation of a variety of cells, including human and animal cells. It provides a balanced salt solution and a source of essential nutrients and growth factors to support cell growth and proliferation.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, China, Macao, Switzerland, France, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, Australia, Ireland, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, India, Sweden, Israel, Austria, Brazil, Czechia, Netherlands, Portugal, Norway, Holy See (Vatican City State), New Zealand, Hungary, Senegal, Argentina, Thailand, Singapore, Ukraine, Mexico

FBS, or Fetal Bovine Serum, is a commonly used cell culture supplement. It is derived from the blood of bovine fetuses and provides essential growth factors, hormones, and other nutrients to support the growth and proliferation of a wide range of cell types in vitro.

What are the key features of the Melanoma, B16 cell line?

The Melanoma, B16 cell line is a well-established model for studying melanoma biology and evaluating new treatment approaches. It is derived from a spontaneous murine melanoma and exhibits rapid growth and high metastatic potential, making it a valuable tool for preclinical research. The B16 cell line is frequently used to understand the complexities of this aggressive form of skin cancer originating from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin.

How can PubCompare.ai help with Melanoma, B16 research?

PubCompare.ai allows researchers to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform can help identify the most effective protocols related to Melanoma, B16 for your specific research goals. PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy, thereby enhancing your Melanoma, B16 research.

What are some common usage challenges with Melanoma, B16 research?

One of the main challenges with Melanoma, B16 research is ensuring the reproducibility and accuracy of experimental protocols. Given the complex nature of this cancer model, small variations in experimental conditions can lead to significant differences in results. Researchers must carefully optimize and validate their protocols to ensure consistent and reliable data. PubCompare.ai can assist in this process by helping identify the most robust and effective protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.

Are there different variations or types of Melanoma, B16 cell lines?

Yes, there are several variations and sublines of the Melanoma, B16 cell line that have been developed over time. These include B16-F0, B16-F1, B16-F10, and B16-BL6, among others. These sublines differ in their metastatic potential, growth characteristics, and other phenotypic traits, which can make them more suitable for specific research applications. Carefully selecting the appropriate B16 subline is crucial for ensuring the relevance and validity of your Melanoma research.

What are some specific applications of the Melanoma, B16 model?

The Melanoma, B16 model has a wide range of applications in melanoma research. It is commonly used to study tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune responses. Researchers also utilize the B16 model to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutics, including immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and combinatorial approaches. The rapid growth and high metastatic potential of B16 cells make them a valuable tool for testing the anti-tumor activity of potential drug candidates in preclinical studies.

More about "Melanoma, B16"

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin.
The B16 cell line, derived from a spontaneous murine (mouse) melanoma, is a well-studied model system for understanding melanoma biology and evaluating new treatment approaches.
This rapidly growing and metastatic cell line exhibits characteristics similar to human melanoma, making it a valuable tool for preclinical research.
The B16 melanoma model has been extensively used to investigate various aspects of melanoma, including tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
Researchers often utilize cell culture techniques, such as the use of DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) or RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum), L-glutamine, and antibiotics like penicillin and streptomycin, to maintain and propagate B16 melanoma cells in the laboratory.
The B16 cell line, particularly the B16F10 subline, is known for its high metastatic potential, which allows it to mimic the aggressive nature of human melanoma.
By studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the B16 melanoma model, scientists can gain valuable insights into the complexities of this disease and develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
Understanding the B16 melanoma model is crucial for advancing our knowledge of this aggressive form of cancer and paving the way for the development of improved treatment approaches.
By leveraging the insights gained from this model system, researchers can work towards enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of their melanoma studies and ultimately improve patient outcomes.