Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions
Open the protocol to access the free full text link
>
Disorders
>
Pathologic Function
>
Ankylosis
Ankylosis
Ankylosis is a condition characterized by the abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint, often due to injury, disease, or congenital factors.
It can affect a variety of joints, including the jaw, spine, and extremities.
Ankylosis can result in severe pain, limited range of motion, and functional impairment.
Effective management often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgical intervention to restore joint mobility and improve the patient's quality of life.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ankylosis is crucial for healthcare providers to provide optimal care for individuals affected by this condition.
It can affect a variety of joints, including the jaw, spine, and extremities.
Ankylosis can result in severe pain, limited range of motion, and functional impairment.
Effective management often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgical intervention to restore joint mobility and improve the patient's quality of life.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ankylosis is crucial for healthcare providers to provide optimal care for individuals affected by this condition.
Most cited protocols related to «Ankylosis»
Ankylosis
Ants
Brain
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cortex, Cerebral
Cranium
CREB3L1 protein, human
Dementia
Embarc
Genetic Heterogeneity
Gray Matter
Hybrids
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Tissues
White Matter
The initial step, performed during a 2-day exercise, aimed at evaluating intraobserver and interobserver reliability for scoring static images and scoring images acquired in real-time while scanning patients.
Reading static images (day 1). Static images, representing a broad range of different degrees of synovitis in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), wrist, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) of patients with RA attending the Rheumatology Department of Ambroise Paré Hospital in Boulogne-Billancourt (France) were anonymised by the convenor (MADA). Images were obtained using the preliminary OMERACT definition for synovitis which includes both GS (SH and effusion) and PD findings. Images were acquired according to the EULAR recommendations16 (link) with a longitudinal scan obtained using either a dorsal or volar (plantar) view. Seventeen musculoskeletal sonographers (from Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK and USA) simultaneously but independently scored the images, which were presented randomly presented with 60 s for evaluating each image. No patient information was made available. Participants were asked to score GS and PD using both a binary (presence/absence) and SQ grading from 0 to 3 (normal, minimal, moderate, severe), according to their own daily practice, on a preprinted data collection sheet.
Acquiring and reading images (day 2). A practical exercise was then conducted the following day scanning and scoring synovitis. Eight patients with RA17 (link) were recruited from the same Rheumatology Department each having only mild to moderate hand deformities in order to eliminate possible acquisition difficulties due to severe structural deformities including ankylosis. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and each participant gave written informed consent. The examinations were performed on the same day, in the same room, using eight identical machines (Technos MPX - Esaote Biomedica, Genoa, Italy) equipped with a 10–14 MHz broadband linear array transducer. The machines were calibrated with identical Doppler settings (frequency of 10.1 MHz, pulse repetition frequency of 750 Hz and Doppler gain of 50–53 dB). In this way, the impact of machines on the results was minimised. Fourteen rheumatologists who participated on the first day, in step 1, participated on the second day; all were blinded to the clinical details of the patients (ie, presence or not of active disease). Each patient was assigned to one machine and the sonographers then rotated from one machine to the next in a predefined sequence with 10 min allocated for scanning and recording the findings on a standard score sheet. In each patient, the second to fifth MCP and second to fifth PIP joints were scanned bilaterally using a GS and PD longitudinal scan in the midline of the joint on both the dorsal and volar aspects. Sixteen MCP joints were scanned twice in order to assess the intraobserver reliability.
Reading static images (day 1). Static images, representing a broad range of different degrees of synovitis in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), wrist, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) of patients with RA attending the Rheumatology Department of Ambroise Paré Hospital in Boulogne-Billancourt (France) were anonymised by the convenor (MADA). Images were obtained using the preliminary OMERACT definition for synovitis which includes both GS (SH and effusion) and PD findings. Images were acquired according to the EULAR recommendations16 (link) with a longitudinal scan obtained using either a dorsal or volar (plantar) view. Seventeen musculoskeletal sonographers (from Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK and USA) simultaneously but independently scored the images, which were presented randomly presented with 60 s for evaluating each image. No patient information was made available. Participants were asked to score GS and PD using both a binary (presence/absence) and SQ grading from 0 to 3 (normal, minimal, moderate, severe), according to their own daily practice, on a preprinted data collection sheet.
Acquiring and reading images (day 2). A practical exercise was then conducted the following day scanning and scoring synovitis. Eight patients with RA17 (link) were recruited from the same Rheumatology Department each having only mild to moderate hand deformities in order to eliminate possible acquisition difficulties due to severe structural deformities including ankylosis. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and each participant gave written informed consent. The examinations were performed on the same day, in the same room, using eight identical machines (Technos MPX - Esaote Biomedica, Genoa, Italy) equipped with a 10–14 MHz broadband linear array transducer. The machines were calibrated with identical Doppler settings (frequency of 10.1 MHz, pulse repetition frequency of 750 Hz and Doppler gain of 50–53 dB). In this way, the impact of machines on the results was minimised. Fourteen rheumatologists who participated on the first day, in step 1, participated on the second day; all were blinded to the clinical details of the patients (ie, presence or not of active disease). Each patient was assigned to one machine and the sonographers then rotated from one machine to the next in a predefined sequence with 10 min allocated for scanning and recording the findings on a standard score sheet. In each patient, the second to fifth MCP and second to fifth PIP joints were scanned bilaterally using a GS and PD longitudinal scan in the midline of the joint on both the dorsal and volar aspects. Sixteen MCP joints were scanned twice in order to assess the intraobserver reliability.
Full text: Click here
Ankylosis
Congenital Abnormality
Hand Deformities
Joints
Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type A lipodystrophy
Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Patients
Physical Examination
Pulse Rate
Rheumatologist
Synovitis
Transducers
Wrist
Ankylosis
Hypersensitivity
Kidney Cortex
Nuclear Localization Signals
Vision
We report treatment outcomes of the first 50 consecutive patients treated at a single, community based spine practice between October 2007 and July 2010. The medical charts of all 50 patients were reviewed for complications, pain, quality of life, satisfaction with surgery and return to work status up to 12-month follow up. At a minimum of 24 months post-operatively, all patients were contacted via telephone by the treating surgeon to assess SI joint pain, satisfaction with surgery and return to work status.
Mean age at the time of surgery was 54 years (range 24-85) and most (68%) patients were women (Table1
Patients were diagnosed with either degenerative sacroiliitis or sacroiliac joint disruption using a combination of history, clinical exam, and positive diagnostic injection. All patients presented with chronic lower back pain refractory to prolonged conservative care. The most common chief complaint was posterior pain located close to the SI joint. A thorough physical and clinical exam was performed on all patients, emphasizing the lumbar spine, SI joint and hip axis. Provocative physical examination maneuvers were used to guide subsequent diagnostic activities. All patients with suspected SI joint pain underwent imaging with X-ray, CT and/or MRI to evaluate SI joint pathology and exclude lumbar spine and hip pathology. When clinical, physical and radiographic examinations were concordant, patients were sent for confirmatory image-guided injections of the SI joint. A 75% reduction in pain, as measured on a visual analog scale, immediately following injection of local anesthetic was used to confirm the SI joint as the pain generator [11 (link)].
MIS SI joint fusion using the iFuse Implant System (SI-BONE, Inc., San Jose, CA) was performed in all cases by a single orthopedic spine surgeon. The surgical technique involves placing three porous plasma coated titanium implants across the SI joint.
Mean age at the time of surgery was 54 years (range 24-85) and most (68%) patients were women (Table
Patients were diagnosed with either degenerative sacroiliitis or sacroiliac joint disruption using a combination of history, clinical exam, and positive diagnostic injection. All patients presented with chronic lower back pain refractory to prolonged conservative care. The most common chief complaint was posterior pain located close to the SI joint. A thorough physical and clinical exam was performed on all patients, emphasizing the lumbar spine, SI joint and hip axis. Provocative physical examination maneuvers were used to guide subsequent diagnostic activities. All patients with suspected SI joint pain underwent imaging with X-ray, CT and/or MRI to evaluate SI joint pathology and exclude lumbar spine and hip pathology. When clinical, physical and radiographic examinations were concordant, patients were sent for confirmatory image-guided injections of the SI joint. A 75% reduction in pain, as measured on a visual analog scale, immediately following injection of local anesthetic was used to confirm the SI joint as the pain generator [11 (link)].
MIS SI joint fusion using the iFuse Implant System (SI-BONE, Inc., San Jose, CA) was performed in all cases by a single orthopedic spine surgeon. The surgical technique involves placing three porous plasma coated titanium implants across the SI joint.
Ankylosis
Arthralgia
Back Pain
Bones
Diagnosis
Epistropheus
Intra-Articular Injections
Joints
Local Anesthetics
Low Back Pain
Operative Surgical Procedures
Orthopedic Surgeons
Pain
Patients
Physical Examination
Plasma
Prostheses, Joint
Sacroiliac Joint
Sacroiliitis
Satisfaction
Surgeons
Titanium
Vertebrae, Lumbar
Vertebral Column
Visual Analog Pain Scale
Woman
X-Rays, Diagnostic
Geographic distribution was defined in terms of regional, district, subdistrict, and community distribution of cases. The burden of disease was considered in terms of number of cases affected, age and sex distribution, clinical presentation (preulcerative, ulcer, or deformity), and site of lesion. Preulcerative lesions include nodular, plaque, papular, and nonulcerative edematous forms, as described by the WHO Global Buruli Ulcer Programme (3) . Deformities include scars, constriction of limbs, ankylosis of joints, or amputations.
The case search covered every district and known community in Ghana from June to July 1999. A team of 20 national facilitators was trained in the use of the survey instruments and in the clinical presentation of the disease in an endemic focus. Two facilitators were then sent to each region to train regional teams (three from the regional level and two from each district). Seven teams of two persons each from the subdistrict and communities performed the case search.
The permission of the local political and traditional authorities was sought in advance, and the purpose of the search was explained to them and to all participants. The data collectors used a pictorial document designed by the WHO Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative (3) . At each village and community, they showed the pictures of Buruli ulcer disease at different stages of development to as many people as possible and asked whether anyone in the village had a similar condition. All persons with lesions that met the WHO standard case definition were interviewed with a simple questionnaire. There was no laboratory confirmation of the cases. A prepackaged dressing was given to each person identified as having ulcers, and the particulars of all the cases were provided to local health authorities for follow-up. The process was repeated in each village until the whole district was covered.
A team from the national level, including a dermatologist familiar with the disease, later validated findings in two randomly selected districts from a region where the disease had not previously been endemic. All cases reported there were found to be consistent with the clinical case definitions used.
The case search covered every district and known community in Ghana from June to July 1999. A team of 20 national facilitators was trained in the use of the survey instruments and in the clinical presentation of the disease in an endemic focus. Two facilitators were then sent to each region to train regional teams (three from the regional level and two from each district). Seven teams of two persons each from the subdistrict and communities performed the case search.
The permission of the local political and traditional authorities was sought in advance, and the purpose of the search was explained to them and to all participants. The data collectors used a pictorial document designed by the WHO Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative (3) . At each village and community, they showed the pictures of Buruli ulcer disease at different stages of development to as many people as possible and asked whether anyone in the village had a similar condition. All persons with lesions that met the WHO standard case definition were interviewed with a simple questionnaire. There was no laboratory confirmation of the cases. A prepackaged dressing was given to each person identified as having ulcers, and the particulars of all the cases were provided to local health authorities for follow-up. The process was repeated in each village until the whole district was covered.
A team from the national level, including a dermatologist familiar with the disease, later validated findings in two randomly selected districts from a region where the disease had not previously been endemic. All cases reported there were found to be consistent with the clinical case definitions used.
Full text: Click here
Amputation
Ankylosis
Buruli Ulcer
Cicatrix
Congenital Abnormality
Dermatologist
Edema
Senile Plaques
Stenosis
Ulcer
Most recents protocols related to «Ankylosis»
In this study, all patients underwent conventional open surgeries. All operations were performed by the same experienced senior chief physician. The surgery was performed in the prone position. The paraspinal muscles were dissected, and the spinous processes, bilateral articular processes, and roots of the transverse processes were exposed. Titanium polyaxial pedicle screws (Legacy, Medtronic, USA) were inserted into the bilateral pedicles. Two titanium rods were properly bent and placed between the nuts to obtain a suitable sagittal curve, and the nuts were tightened to lock the rods. Next, laminectomy and spinal canal decompression were performed. Finally, bilateral modified facet joint fusion was performed, which was an innovative technique of the authors’ team [14 (link),15 (link)]. Briefly, a high-speed grinding drill was used to grind the articular surface of bilateral facet joints to create the bone graft bed. This bed was implanted with allogeneic cancellous bone granules and autologous cancellous bone.
The drainage tube was removed when the wound drainage volume was less than 100 mL/day. Then, the physician guided the patient to stand and walk under the protection of personalized lumbar support. All patients were recommended to increase their walking exercise 1 month after surgery. The lumbar support was removed 3 months postoperatively, and standard procedures such as lumbar floating, crouching, bending, and jogging were performed under guidance to strengthen the lumbar back muscles.
The drainage tube was removed when the wound drainage volume was less than 100 mL/day. Then, the physician guided the patient to stand and walk under the protection of personalized lumbar support. All patients were recommended to increase their walking exercise 1 month after surgery. The lumbar support was removed 3 months postoperatively, and standard procedures such as lumbar floating, crouching, bending, and jogging were performed under guidance to strengthen the lumbar back muscles.
Ankylosis
Bone Transplantation
Cancellous Bone
Cytoplasmic Granules
Decompression
Drainage
Drill
Facet Joint
Joints
Laminectomy
Lumbar Region
Muscle, Back
Nuts
Operative Surgical Procedures
Paraspinal Muscles
Patients
Pedicle Screws
Physicians
Plant Roots
Pulp Canals
Rod Photoreceptors
Spinal Canal
Spinous Processes
Titanium
Transverse Processes
Wounds
From March 12, 2010, to August 17, 2017, 127 calcaneal malunions in 120 patients were surgically treated in our department. All patients with calcaneal fractures had been initially managed at other hospitals. The initial treatments included conservative treatments, which were performed on 38 feet with Sanders type I calcaneal fractures and 16 feet with Sanders type II fractures; surgical treatments of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), which were conducted on 36 feet with Sanders type II fractures and 19 with Sanders type III fractures; and subtalar joint fusion, which was performed on three feet with Sanders type III fractures and all Sanders type IV calcaneal fractures of 15 feet. Among them, patients with type I, II and III calcaneal malunions according to the Sanders calcaneal malunion classification were selected to receive a multiple reconstructive osteotomy with subtalar joint‐preserving operation. Beforehand, the articular cartilage of the calcaneal posterior facet was expected to be without or with mild osteoarthritis through preoperative radiographs, CT, and intraoperative visualization.
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) patients were definitely diagnosed with Sander I, II and III calcaneal malunions according to the Sanders calcaneal malunion classification; (ii) the period from the initial injury to reconstructive surgery was at least 4 months; (iii) the multiple reconstructive osteotomy, which comprised corrective osteotomies, joint realignment, soft tissue balancing, subtalar joint preservation and internal fixation, was performed as treatment; (iv) the pre‐ and postoperative medical data during the follow‐up period, including X‐ray, CT and physical examination, were complete and available; and (v) the follow‐up period was at least 2 years. Exclusion criteria included: (i) patients combined with other lower limb injuries; and (ii) patients were diagnosed with comorbidities, which might significantly affect the outcome evaluation (e.g., severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency and hepatic and renal dysfunction, multiple lower limb injury, etc.).
There were 10 patients (eight males, two females) with a mean age of 33.1 ± 7.45 years included in this study. Falling from height was the main cause of the injury, accounting for six of the 10 patients. In addition, two patients were injured from motor vehicle accidents, and falling from stairs and exercise injuries each caused one calcaneal fracture. Among these injuries, the initial fracture types of Sander I, II and III accounted for two, five and three fractures, respectively. Conservative treatment was initially given to all Sanders type I calcaneal fractures and two Sanders type II fractures, with others undergoing surgical treatment with ORIF. Correspondingly, there were two patients with Sanders type I, four patients with Sanders type II, and four with Sanders type III calcaneal malunion. All patients presented with pain in the hind foot or/and the inability to put full weight on the affected limb as their major complaints. Standard radiographs and CT were obtained preoperatively (Fig.1 ). All patients were treated with reconstructive surgery at a mean of 5.6 ± 2.41 months since the initial injury. The detailed information and characteristics of the included patients are illustrated in Table 1 .
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) patients were definitely diagnosed with Sander I, II and III calcaneal malunions according to the Sanders calcaneal malunion classification; (ii) the period from the initial injury to reconstructive surgery was at least 4 months; (iii) the multiple reconstructive osteotomy, which comprised corrective osteotomies, joint realignment, soft tissue balancing, subtalar joint preservation and internal fixation, was performed as treatment; (iv) the pre‐ and postoperative medical data during the follow‐up period, including X‐ray, CT and physical examination, were complete and available; and (v) the follow‐up period was at least 2 years. Exclusion criteria included: (i) patients combined with other lower limb injuries; and (ii) patients were diagnosed with comorbidities, which might significantly affect the outcome evaluation (e.g., severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency and hepatic and renal dysfunction, multiple lower limb injury, etc.).
There were 10 patients (eight males, two females) with a mean age of 33.1 ± 7.45 years included in this study. Falling from height was the main cause of the injury, accounting for six of the 10 patients. In addition, two patients were injured from motor vehicle accidents, and falling from stairs and exercise injuries each caused one calcaneal fracture. Among these injuries, the initial fracture types of Sander I, II and III accounted for two, five and three fractures, respectively. Conservative treatment was initially given to all Sanders type I calcaneal fractures and two Sanders type II fractures, with others undergoing surgical treatment with ORIF. Correspondingly, there were two patients with Sanders type I, four patients with Sanders type II, and four with Sanders type III calcaneal malunion. All patients presented with pain in the hind foot or/and the inability to put full weight on the affected limb as their major complaints. Standard radiographs and CT were obtained preoperatively (Fig.
Ankylosis
Biologic Preservation
Calcaneus
Cartilages, Articular
Conservative Treatment
Degenerative Arthritides
Females
Foot
Fracture, Bone
Fracture Fixation, Internal
Injuries
Joints
Kidney Failure
Leg Injuries
Males
Open Fracture Reductions
Operative Surgical Procedures
Osteotomy
Pain
Patients
Physical Examination
Radiography
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Subtalar Joint
Tissues
Traffic Accidents
X-Rays, Diagnostic
The inclusion and exclusion of studies for the meta-analysis were based on the following criteria. (1) For participants, the study population consisted of patients who satisfied the following criteria: aged 18 years or older; mean follow-up period ≥ 2 years; suffering from lumbar degenerative diseases, including disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, and grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis; and having 1–4 fixed segments in the lumbar. Studies on patients with grade II or higher spondylolisthesis, ankylosis spondylitis, spinal tumor, and severe spinal deformity were excluded. (2) The intervention in the experimental group was dynamic DS. Studies on hybrid dynamic stabilization and other kinds of dynamic stabilization, including Coflex, Wallis, and X-stop systems were excluded. (3) For comparison, the intervention in the control group was instrumented fusion methods, including posterior lumbar interbody fusion, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), and posterolateral fusion. (4) In terms of outcomes, studies were eligible if they satisfied at least one of the following outcomes: clinical outcomes at final follow-up (VAS and ODI scores, screw loosening and breakage, surgical revision), ASP (ASDeg and ASDis), and radiographical outcomes (postoperative ROM and disc heigh). ASDeg (radiographic ASD) represents radiographic etiologies adjacent to the surgically treated spinal level that involves loss of disc height, disc degeneration, stenosis, instability, or hypertrophic facet arthritis, regardless of the presence of symptoms. [8 (link)] ASDis (symptomatic ASD) is a clinical symptom (manifested as pain, numbness, or the other symptoms caused by nerve compression) that is correlated with radiographic changes in adjacent segments. [2 (link), 8 (link)] The primary outcomes considered were radiographic outcomes and ASP. (5) For study design, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or comparative studies were eligible. Case series, case reports, reviews, and conference reports were excluded.
Full text: Click here
Ankylosis
Conferences
Congenital Abnormality
Degenerative Arthritides
Hybrids
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Intervertebral Disk Displacement
Lumbar Region
Nervousness
Operative Surgical Procedures
Pain
Patients
Second Look Surgery
Spinal Neoplasms
Spinal Stenosis
Spondylitis
Spondylolisthesis
Stenosis
X-Rays, Diagnostic
Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions
Open the protocol to access the free full text link
Ankylosis
Bones
OPTN protein, human
Osteophyte
Radiography
Tissues
MPP13 expression was evaluated in rat ankles using Western blot, as previously described [29 (link)]. In RIPA buffer, the frozen ankle joint samples were homogenized with a phosphatase/proteinase inhibitor cocktail. Homogenate was then centrifuged, and the protein concentration was determined using the Bradford reagent. SDS-PAGE 10% gels were used to separate equal amounts of proteins, which were then transferred to PVDF membranes. After blocking with 5% BSA, the membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against MPP13 and β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA). The membranes were washed and then incubated for 1 h at RT with the appropriate secondary antibody. A CCD camera-based imaging device was used to capture chemiluminescent signals. On a ChemiDoc MP imager, image analysis software was used to read the band intensities of the target proteins against the β-actin by protein normalization.
Full text: Click here
Actins
Ankle
Ankylosis
Antibodies
aspergillopepsin II
Buffers
Freezing
Gels
Immunoglobulins
Joints, Ankle
Medical Devices
Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
polyvinylidene fluoride
Protease Inhibitors
Proteins
Protein Targeting, Cellular
Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay
SDS-PAGE
Tissue, Membrane
Western Blotting
Top products related to «Ankylosis»
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, India, France, Japan, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Macao, Canada, Spain, Denmark, Israel, Sweden
Complete Freund's adjuvant is a laboratory reagent used to enhance the immune response in laboratory animals during the production of antibodies. It contains inactivated and dried mycobacteria suspended in a mineral oil emulsion. The mycobacteria component serves to stimulate the animal's immune system, leading to a stronger and more sustained antibody response to the antigen of interest.
Sourced in United States, Japan, Germany, Denmark, United Kingdom
Complete Freund's adjuvant is a water-in-oil emulsion containing killed mycobacteria. It is used as an immunological adjuvant to enhance the body's immune response to an antigen.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Macao, Italy, France, Switzerland, Canada
The CFA is a laboratory equipment that performs chemical analyses. It is designed to automate and streamline the process of analyzing chemical samples. The CFA can perform a variety of tests and measurements, such as concentration determination, pH analysis, and spectrophotometric analyses. The device is intended for use in research, industrial, and clinical laboratory settings.
Sourced in United States
Bovine type II collagen is a naturally-derived biomaterial sourced from bovine cartilage. It serves as a key structural component of the extracellular matrix in articular cartilage.
Sourced in United States
The CFA is a laboratory equipment designed for the measurement of collagen-induced arthritis. It is used for the assessment of arthritis in experimental animal models.
Sourced in United States, China
Incomplete Freund's adjuvant is a laboratory reagent used to enhance the immune response in experimental settings. It consists of a water-in-oil emulsion without the addition of killed or attenuated microorganisms. The core function of Incomplete Freund's adjuvant is to stimulate the immune system, which can be useful in various immunological studies and assays.
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Australia, Spain, France, Italy, Israel, Macao, Senegal, Japan
Incomplete Freund's adjuvant is a laboratory reagent used to enhance the immune response in certain immunological experiments. It is a water-in-oil emulsion that contains mineral oil and mannide monooleate, but does not contain killed or attenuated microorganisms like the complete Freund's adjuvant. The incomplete Freund's adjuvant is used to induce a strong, sustained immune response without the granulomatous reaction associated with the complete formulation.
Sourced in United States
Chicken type II collagen is a purified protein derived from chicken cartilage. It is used in research applications as a source of type II collagen.
Sourced in United States, Germany, Canada, China, United Kingdom
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra is a non-virulent strain of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It is commonly used in research and laboratory settings as a model organism for studying the characteristics and behavior of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis species.
Sourced in United States, China
Complete Freund's adjuvant is a laboratory reagent used to enhance the immune response in experimental animal models. It contains killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis suspended in mineral oil and an emulsifier. The primary function of Complete Freund's adjuvant is to stimulate the immune system, often used in the production of antibodies.
More about "Ankylosis"
Ankylosis is a condition characterized by the abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint, often due to injury, disease, or congenital factors.
This condition, also known as articular ankylosis or joint ankylosis, can affect a variety of joints, including the jaw (temporomandibular joint, or TMJ), spine, and extremities.
Ankylosis can result in severe pain, limited range of motion, and functional impairment, significantly impacting the individual's quality of life.
The causes of ankylosis can be diverse, ranging from traumatic joint injuries, inflammatory joint diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis, to congenital abnormalities.
In some cases, the use of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) or Bovine Type II Collagen in animal models can induce an immune response leading to joint inflammation and ankylosis.
Similarly, Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) and Chicken Type II Collagen have been used to study the pathogenesis of ankylosis in experimental settings.
Effective management of ankylosis often requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgical intervention.
Physical therapy aims to maintain or restore joint mobility, reduce pain, and improve function.
Medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), can help manage the underlying inflammatory processes.
Surgical options, like joint replacement or arthrodesis (fusion), may be considered in severe or refractory cases to improve joint stability and function.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ankylosis is crucial for healthcare providers, including orthopedic surgeons, rheumatologists, and physical therapists, to provide optimal care for individuals affected by this condition.
By addressing the various factors contributing to ankylosis, such as the use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in animal models, healthcare professionals can develop tailored treatment plans to enhance joint mobility, reduce pain, and improve the overall quality of life for patients with ankylosis.
This condition, also known as articular ankylosis or joint ankylosis, can affect a variety of joints, including the jaw (temporomandibular joint, or TMJ), spine, and extremities.
Ankylosis can result in severe pain, limited range of motion, and functional impairment, significantly impacting the individual's quality of life.
The causes of ankylosis can be diverse, ranging from traumatic joint injuries, inflammatory joint diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis, to congenital abnormalities.
In some cases, the use of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) or Bovine Type II Collagen in animal models can induce an immune response leading to joint inflammation and ankylosis.
Similarly, Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) and Chicken Type II Collagen have been used to study the pathogenesis of ankylosis in experimental settings.
Effective management of ankylosis often requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgical intervention.
Physical therapy aims to maintain or restore joint mobility, reduce pain, and improve function.
Medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), can help manage the underlying inflammatory processes.
Surgical options, like joint replacement or arthrodesis (fusion), may be considered in severe or refractory cases to improve joint stability and function.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ankylosis is crucial for healthcare providers, including orthopedic surgeons, rheumatologists, and physical therapists, to provide optimal care for individuals affected by this condition.
By addressing the various factors contributing to ankylosis, such as the use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in animal models, healthcare professionals can develop tailored treatment plans to enhance joint mobility, reduce pain, and improve the overall quality of life for patients with ankylosis.