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Cerebral Ischemia

Q: What are the common symptoms of Cerebral Ischemia?

The common symptoms of Cerebral Ischemia include headache, confusion, seizures, and paralysis. These symptoms arise due to the insufficient blood flow to the brain, resulting in impaired oxygen and nutrient delivery, which can lead to tissue damage and neurological dysfunctions. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to minimize long-term effects.

Cerebral Ischemia: A condition caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain, resulting in impaired oxygen and nutrient delivery.
This can lead to tissue damage and neurological dysfunctions.
Symptoms may include headache, confusion, seizures, and paralysis.
Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to minimize long-term effects.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to enhance reproducibility and accuracy in Cerebral Ischemia studies, locating optimal protocols and driving meaningful insights to advance this field of study.

Most cited protocols related to «Cerebral Ischemia»

Reversible Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

Cerebral ischemia was induced by 90 min of reversible MCAO under isoflurane anesthesia, as described previously [26 (link), 32 (link), 56 (link)]. In brief, a midline ventral neck incision was made, and unilateral right MCAO was performed by advancing a 6.0 silicone-coated nylon monofilament (Doccol Corporation, CA) into the internal carotid artery 6 mm from the internal carotid–pterygopalatine artery bifurcation via an external carotid artery stump. Rectal temperatures were monitored with a temperature control system (Fine science tools, Canada) and temperature was maintained with an automatic heating pad at ~37 °C during surgery and ischemia. Cerebral blood flow measurements by laser Doppler flowmetry (DRT 4/Moor Instruments Ltd, Devon, UK) confirmed ischemic occlusion (reduction to 85 % of baseline) during MCAO and restoration of blood flow during reperfusion. Surgical controls are used for molecular analysis, a sham surgery in which the suture was not advanced into the internal carotid artery (controls). All mice are allowed to emerge from anesthesia after the initial suture advancement into the MCA and placed back into their home cage until re-anesthetized for reperfusion. This allows for the assessment of intra-ischemic behavioral deficits to confirm successful suture placement.

Venna V.R., Weston G., Benashski S.E., Tarabishy S., Liu F., Li J., Conti L.H, & McCullough L.D. (2012). NF-κB contributes to the detrimental effects of social isolation after experimental stroke. Acta neuropathologica, 124(3), 425-438.

Publication 2012

Amputation Stumps Anesthesia Blood Circulation Cerebral Ischemia Cerebrovascular Circulation Dental Occlusion External Carotid Arteries Internal Carotid Arteries Ischemia Isoflurane Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Mus Neck Nylons Operative Surgical Procedures Rectum Reperfusion Silicones Sutures

Transient Focal Ischemia in Mice

All animal experiments were approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and performed in accordance with the principles outlined in the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Wild-type (WT) or IL-4 knockout (KO) male C57/BL6 mice (8–10w, 25–30 g body weight; Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA) were randomly assigned to sham or cerebral ischemia groups using a lottery drawing box. Transient focal ischemia was induced by MCAO for 60 minutes as previously described.² Sham-operated animals underwent anesthesia and exposure of the arteries without MCAO induction. Rectal temperature was maintained at 37.0°C±0.5°C during and after surgery with a temperature-controlled heating pad. Physiological parameters were maintained within normal ranges. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was monitored in all stroke animals using laser Doppler flowmetry. Animals that died or failed to show at least 70% rCBF reduction were excluded from further analyses. Mice in both genotypes were subjected to repeated measurements of CBF before ischemia, 5 min after tMCAO, and 5 min after reperfusion using a laser speckle contrast imager (LDF, PeriFlux System 5000, Perimed). In all experiments, the tMCAO or sham surgeries were performed by an investigator blinded to genotype.

Liu X., Liu J., Zhao S., Zhang H., Cai W., Cai M., Ji X., Leak R.K., Gao Y., Chen J, & Hu X. (2016). Interleukin-4 is Essential for Microglia/Macrophage M2 Polarization and Long-term Recovery after Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation, 47(2), 498-504.

Publication 2015

Anesthesia Animals Animals, Laboratory Arteries Body Weight Cerebral Ischemia Cerebrovascular Accident Genotype Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Ischemia Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Males Mice, House Mice, Knockout Operative Surgical Procedures physiology Rectum Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Reperfusion Transients

Cerebral Ischemia Induction and Assessment

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Publication 2009

Amputation Stumps Anesthesia Animals ARID1A protein, human Bears Blood Circulation Cerebral Ischemia Cerebrovascular Circulation Cranium External Carotid Arteries Internal Carotid Arteries Ischemia Isoflurane Locomotion Middle Cerebral Artery Mus Muscle Tissue Neck Operative Surgical Procedures Rectum Reperfusion Silicone Elastomers Sutures Tail Torso Upper Extremity Paresis

Cerebral Ischemia Model in Rats

Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of thiopental (50 mg/kg) and diazepam (5 mg/kg). After anesthesia induction, each rat was placed in the supine position and fixed on the operating table. A midline incision of approximately two centimeters was made in the neck, and then both common carotid arteries and common jugular veins were exposed carefully by blunt dissection. After the vagus nerve was carefully separated from the carotid artery, cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries. Bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries was relieved at the end of the 20‐min period. Thirty seconds later, we applied medication (BPC 157 10 µg/kg; or saline as a 1 ml bath directly on the surgical area. Five minutes after that, the incision was sutured back in layers. The sutured area was cleaned with 70% ethanol and sprayed with an antiseptic solution.

Vukojević J., Vrdoljak B., Malekinušić D., Siroglavić M., Milavić M., Kolenc D., Boban Blagaić A., Batelja L., Drmić D., Seiverth S, & Sikirić P. (2020). The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. Brain and Behavior, 10(8), e01726.

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Publication 2020

Anesthesia Anti-Infective Agents, Local Bath BPC 157 Cerebral Ischemia Common Carotid Artery Diazepam Dissection Ethanol Injections, Intraperitoneal Jugular Vein Neck Neoplasm Metastasis Operating Tables Operative Surgical Procedures Pharmaceutical Preparations Pneumogastric Nerve Saline Solution Thiopental

Murine Model of Transient Cerebral Ischemia

Male mice, 10–12 weeks old, were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane in 70% N₂O and balance O₂ by facemask. Cerebral ischemia was 1 hr of MCAO with a silicone-coated 6-0 monofilament (Doccol Corp., Redlands, CA) followed by reperfusion.^{17 (link)} Sham-operated mice underwent an identical procedure, without inserting the suture. Rectal temperature was maintained at 37 ± 0.5°C with a heating pad (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA). Heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate were monitored continuously (STARR Life Sciences Corp., Allison Park, PA). Animals with no observable deficits immediately after ischemia, those that died before 24 hr, and those with subarachnoid hemorrhage at the time of death were excluded from analysis; the mortality rate in WT mice was 12.5% and in IL-4KO mice was 19.2%.

Xiong X., Barreto G., Xu L., Ouyang Y., Xie X, & Giffard R.G. (2011). Increased brain injury and worsened neurological outcome in IL-4 Knockout Mice Following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation, 42(7), 2026-2032.

Publication 2011

Animals Cerebral Ischemia Ischemia Isoflurane Males Mus Oxygen Saturation Rate, Heart Rectum Reperfusion Respiratory Rate Silicones Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Sutures

Most recents protocols related to «Cerebral Ischemia»

Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Outcomes

The study cohort consisted of 29 patients (17 females and 12 males; mean age 57 years) with spontaneous SAH that were admitted to the Neurointensive Care Unit of Uppsala University Hospital within 24h from ictus. Median World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) score on admission was 4 [24 (link)]. Diagnosis was made by brain CT scans that were classified according to Fisher scale (median 4) [25 (link)]. Cerebral vasospasm was defined clinically (i.e., not on angiography) as delayed focal ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) and/or decrease in the level of consciousness on the Glasgow coma scale not attributable to new hemorrhage or hydrocephalus and/or as delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) seen on CT scan. Patients with only ischemic lesions on CT scan without clinical signs of focal neurological deficit were also defined as having “cerebral vasospasm”; hence, the two terms DIND and DCI were used indiscriminately in the present study and their occurrence was recorded and treated accordingly. A research nurse recorded the patients’ functional outcome based on Glasgow Outcome Scale one year post ictus through telephone interviews [26 (link)].

Vlachogiannis P., Hillered L., Enblad P, & Ronne-Engström E. (2023). Elevated levels of several chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage are associated with worse clinical outcome. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282424.

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Publication 2023

Angiography Brain Cerebral Ischemia Cerebral Vasospasm Cerebrovascular Accident Consciousness Diagnosis Females Hemorrhage Hydrocephalus Males Nurses Patients Vision X-Ray Computed Tomography

Vdr Conditional Knockout Mice in Stroke

Adult Vdr^f/f and Cx3cr1^CreER (#020940, Jackson Laboratory) mice of C57BL/6 background were mated to generate Vdr^f/fCx3cr1^CreER/+ mice. Vdr^f/f mice were kindly provided by Professor James C. Fleet from Purdue University. Mice were housed under specific pathogen-free conditions with sufficient food and water. Vitamin D and progesterone have been shown to play synergistic roles in relieving acute brain injury following cerebral ischemia [26 (link), 27 (link)]. Hence, to control the confounding impact of endogenous estrogen and progesterone, male adult animals were primarily included as the studied subjects for in vivo experiments. Male Vdr^f/fCx3cr1^CreER/+ mice were used as Vdr conditional knockout (Vdr-cKO) group, and age matched male Vdr^f/f mice were used as controls for in vivo experiments. The mice (8–10 weeks old) were given tamoxifen (75 mg/kg/d, Sigma) dissolved in corn oil intraperitoneally (i.p.) for five consecutive days 2 weeks before the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) procedure. Neonatal mice were used to obtain primary cells for in vitro experiments. Animal numbers for all experiments are indicated in the figure legends. All experimental protocols completely adhered to ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines and were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Xuanwu Hospital (AEEI-2021-295). Adhering to the ARRIVE guidelines, we here designated neurobehavioral functions and infarct volumes as the primary endpoints.

Cui P., Lu W., Wang J., Wang F., Zhang X., Hou X., Xu F., Liang Y., Chai G, & Hao J. (2023). Microglia/macrophages require vitamin D signaling to restrain neuroinflammation and brain injury in a murine ischemic stroke model. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 20, 63.

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Publication 2023

6-(N-(4-aminoethyl)-N-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazine-1,4-dione Adult Animals Cells Cerebral Ischemia Corn oil Ergocalciferol Estrogens Food Infant, Newborn Infarction Injuries, Acute Brain Males Mice, Inbred C57BL Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mus Progesterone Specific Pathogen Free Tamoxifen

Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Mouse Model

As described previously, the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was developed by inducing reperfusion 1.5 h after the occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (de la Rosa et al., 2014 (link)). Mice were first anaesthetized via an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5% pentobarbital sodium. The right common carotid artery (CCA), external carotid artery (ECA), and internal carotid artery (ICA) were separated through a solemn incision in the neck. A small ECA incision was made, and a nylon filament with a diameter of approximately 0.22 mm was inserted through the incision, extending roughly 9–11 mm into the ICA. After 1.5 h, the nylon filaments were removed for reperfusion. Sham mice underwent the same procedure, but no filaments were inserted. From the beginning of the operation to the end of anaesthesia, each mouse’s body temperature was maintained at approximately 37°C by placing them on a thermostatic heating pad. We excluded mice that died during surgery and that failed to model MCAO/R.

Jia J., Deng J., Jin H., Yang J., Nan D., Yu Z., Yu W., Shen Z., Lu Y., Liu R., Wang Z., Qu X., Qiu D., Yang Z, & Huang Y. (2023). Effect of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on mitochondrial Cox7c in models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1084564.

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Publication 2023

Anesthesia Body Temperature Cerebral Ischemia Common Carotid Artery Cytoskeletal Filaments External Carotid Arteries Injections, Intraperitoneal Internal Carotid Arteries Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mus Neck Nylons Operative Surgical Procedures Pentobarbital Sodium Reperfusion Rosa

Eosinophil Count and Outcomes in Aneurysmal SAH

On admission, demographic and relevant clinical information was obtained from the electronic medical record. Data collected included Hunt–Hess Scale (HHS), global cerebral edema (GCE), modified Fisher scale (mFS), the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), aneurysm location, and the type of treatment. Blood samples for complete blood count (CBC) with differential analysis were collected daily from the day of admission to day 10 of hospitalization to measure peripheral eosinophil count. Clinical outcomes included discharge mortality, functional outcome assessed using the modified Ranking score (mRS), the development of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), the presence of any infection (ventriculitis, urinary tract infection, or pneumonia), and the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). All outcome data were adjudicated by at least two attending neurointensivists at a weekly clinical research conference. DCI was defined as the occurrence of a new focal neurological deficit or a decrease of at least two points on the Glasgow Coma Scale lasting for at least 1 h and not attributable to any other causes (10 (link)). Vasospasm was defined as any vascular narrowing detected on angiography and did not necessarily need to correlate with a new neurological deficit. Patients were followed after discharge at 3–6 months, and mRS was recorded. All baseline and outcome variables were dichotomized by a functional outcome (mRS) as good (0–3) and bad (4 (link)–6 (link)).

Gonzalez Gomez H., Savarraj J.P., Paz A.S., Ren X., Chen H., McCullough L.D., Choi H.A, & Gusdon A.M. (2023). Peripheral eosinophil trends and clinical outcomes after non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Frontiers in Neurology, 14, 1051732.

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Publication 2023

Aneurysm Angiography Blood Blood Vessel Cerebral Edema Cerebral Ischemia Conferences Eosinophil Hemorrhage Hospitalization Infection Patient Discharge Patients Pneumonia Urinary Tract Infection Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts

Diagnosis and Monitoring of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia

All patients underwent angiography to diagnose the ruptured aneurysm; patients with a negative angiogram were excluded from the present study. The remaining patients were screened for DIC by computed tomography, and the screening was finally confirmed by MRI. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed postoperatively 24 to 48 h before discharge. In addition, CT perfusion (CTP) or transcranial Doppler (TCD) may also be used.
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) was defined as the development of new focal neurological deficits or a decrease in ≥2 points on the Glasgow Coma Scale score for a duration ≥1 h in conscious patients, with the exclusion of any other explanation for the deterioration, such as infection with an associated decrease in consciousness level, rebleeding, edema (increasing) hydrocephalus, hypoglycemia or hyponatremia or hypotension, or any other possible cause for deterioration as judged by the treating physician (Vergouwen et al., 2010 (link); Fan et al., 2021 (link)). Alternatively, new ischemic lesions were found by CT and/or MRI, or perfusion decreased in the corresponding brain functional area showed by CTP, and/or blood flow velocity increased in the corresponding brain area showed by TCD.

Wang J., Li R., Li S., Ma T., Zhang X., Ren Y., Chen X, & Peng Y. (2023). Intraoperative arterial pressure and delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage after surgical clipping: A retrospective cohort study. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1064987.

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Publication 2023

Aneurysm, Ruptured Angiography Blood Flow Velocity Brain Cerebral Ischemia Consciousness Diagnosis Edema Hydrocephalus Hypoglycemia Hyponatremia Infection Patient Discharge Patients Perfusion Physicians Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial X-Ray Computed Tomography

Top products related to «Cerebral Ischemia»

Periflux system 5000 by Perimed

Sourced in Sweden, China

The PeriFlux System 5000 is a comprehensive laser Doppler perfusion monitoring system designed for clinical and research applications. It provides continuous, non-invasive measurement of microvascular blood flow, perfusion, and oxygen tissue saturation.

Laser doppler flowmetry by Moor Instruments

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

Laser Doppler flowmetry is a non-invasive technique used to measure blood flow. It utilizes the Doppler effect to detect the movement of red blood cells within the microcirculation. The technique provides real-time, continuous measurements of tissue perfusion.

Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, China, Switzerland, Australia, Japan, Spain, Italy, Senegal

The TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride) is a laboratory reagent used for various analytical and diagnostic applications. It is a colorless compound that is reduced to a red formazan product in the presence of metabolically active cells or tissues. This color change is utilized to assess cell viability, detect active enzymes, and measure cellular respiration in a wide range of biological samples.

Periflux 5000 by Perimed

Sourced in Sweden

The PeriFlux 5000 is a laser Doppler perfusion monitoring system designed for clinical and research applications. It measures microvascular blood flow and tissue perfusion using laser Doppler technology.

Laser doppler flowmetry by Perimed

Sourced in Sweden, United States, France

Laser Doppler flowmetry is a non-invasive technique used to measure tissue perfusion. It utilizes a low-power laser to detect the Doppler shift of light, which is proportional to the velocity of blood cells moving within the tissue. This technology provides a quantitative assessment of microvascular blood flow without the need for exogenous tracers or dyes.

Rose bengal by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia, China, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe

Rose Bengal is a laboratory dye used as a reagent in various analytical and diagnostic applications. It is a red, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and certain organic solvents. Rose Bengal is commonly used as a staining agent in cell biology, histology, and ophthalmology procedures.

Isoflurane by Abbott

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Isoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic agent used to induce and maintain general anesthesia in medical and veterinary settings. It is a clear, colorless, and volatile liquid. Isoflurane functions as a potent and effective anesthetic by depressing the central nervous system, resulting in unconsciousness, analgesia, and muscle relaxation.

Evans blue by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, China, United Kingdom, Macao, Spain, Japan, Ireland, Italy

Evans blue is a dye used as a laboratory reagent. It is a blue-colored dye that binds to albumin in the blood, allowing for the measurement and visualization of blood volume and albumin distribution. The dye has a strong blue color and is soluble in water.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Zoletil by Virbac

Sourced in France, United States, Italy, Australia, Germany, China, Thailand, Cameroon, United Kingdom, Netherlands, New Zealand

Zoletil is a general anesthetic and analgesic used in veterinary medicine. It is a combination of two active compounds, tiletamine and zolazepam, that work together to induce a state of deep sedation and pain relief in animals. The product is administered by injection and is commonly used for a variety of veterinary procedures, including surgery, diagnostic imaging, and minor treatments. Zoletil is intended for use under the supervision of licensed veterinary professionals.

What are the common symptoms of Cerebral Ischemia?

How can PubCompare.ai help with Cerebral Ischemia research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platfrom can assist Cerebral Ischemia researchers in several ways. First, it allows you to screen protocol literature more efficiently, helping you identify the most effective protocols related to Cerebral Ischemia for your specific research goals. Second, the platform's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuarcy. This can help streamline your Cerebral Ischemia research and drive meaningful insights to advance this field of study.

Are there different types or variations of Cerebral Ischemia?

Yes, there are different types and variations of Cerebral Ischemia. The condition can be classified based on the underlying cause, such as thrombotic, embolic, or hemodynamic. Thrombotic Cerebral Ischemia is caused by a blood clot forming within a cerebral artery, while embolic Cerebral Ischemia is caused by a clot or other debris traveling from elsewhere in the body and lodging in a cerebral artery. Hemodynamic Cerebral Ischemia is caused by a reduction in overall blood flow to the brain, often due to systemic circulatory problems. Understanding these variations is important for developing appropriate treatment strategies.

What are some specific applications of PubCompare.ai for Cerebral Ischemia research?

PubCompare.ai can be particularly useful for Cerebral Ischemia researchers in several specific applications. For example, the platform can help you identify the most effective protocols for modeling Cerebral Ischemia in animal studies, ensuring your experiments are designed for optimal reproducibility and accuracy. Additionally, PubCompare.ai can assist in locating the latest breakthroughs in Cerebral Ischemia treatment approaches, such as novel pharmacological interventions or surgical techniques, by comparing the latest research findings across publications, preprints, and patents. This can help accelerate your own research and development efforts in this important area of study.

More about "Cerebral Ischemia"

Cerebral ischemia, also known as brain ischemia or cerebrovascular ischemia, is a condition characterized by insufficient blood flow to the brain.
This can lead to impaired oxygen and nutrient delivery, resulting in tissue damage and various neurological dysfunctions.
Symptoms of cerebral ischemia may include headache, confusion, seizures, and paralysis.
Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial to minimize the long-term effects of cerebral ischemia.
Researchers can leverage advanced tools and technologies to enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies in this field.
One such platform is PubCompare.ai, which utilizes AI-driven capabilities to help researchers locate optimal protocols and drive meaningful insights.
In the context of cerebral ischemia research, various techniques and instruments can be employed, such as the PeriFlux System 5000, Laser Doppler flowmetry, and TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining.
The PeriFlux 5000 is a sophisticated instrument used for microvascular blood flow measurements, while Laser Doppler flowmetry is a non-invasive method for assessing tissue perfusion.
TTC staining is a common method used to differentiate between viable and non-viable tissue in ischemic models.
Additionally, other agents like Rose Bengal, Isoflurane, Evans blue, and FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) may be utilized in cerebral ischemia studies.
Rose Bengal is a photosensitive dye used in photodynamic therapy, while Isoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic.
Evans blue is a dye that binds to albumin and can be used to assess blood-brain barrier integrity, and FBS is a common cell culture supplement.
By leveraging the insights and capabilities offered by platforms like PubCompare.ai, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their cerebral ischemia studies, leading to more reliable and impactful findings that advance the understanding and treatment of this condition.