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> Disorders > Pathologic Function > Edema

Edema

Edema is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling and discomfort.
This condition can affect various parts of the body, including the limbs, lungs, and abdomen.
Edema can be caused by a variety of factors, such as injury, inflammation, or underlying medical conditions like heart or kidney disease.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and effective management strategies for edema is crucial for healthcare professionals and researchers in the field.
Ongoing research aims to optimize protocols for studying edema, ensuring reproducibility and accuracy in research findings.
The PubCompare.AI platform can assist in this process by helping researchers easily locate and compare edema-related protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, ensuring they utilze the most effective methods for their studies.
This can lead to improved efficiency and confidence in edema research, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes.

Most cited protocols related to «Edema»

1
Cryogenic Specimen Freezing Techniques
A 50-50 mixture of Me and Et was purchased from Scott Specialty Gasses. This mixture is likely to be close to the eutectic, and if the mixture was not itself liquid at 77 K, the component in excess should freeze out, leaving a mixture whose freezing point was 77 K. Experiments were performed with a gravity-operated plunge freezer and with a Vitrobot. In each case, a few µL of a specimen of Caulobacter crescentus in culture medium were placed on a Quantifoil grid, the excess liquid was blotted off, leaving a layer of liquid that was a few hundred nanometers thick, and this was plunged into the cryogen. The frozen specimens were placed in LN, loaded into a Gatan 626 cryoholder, and examined on a FEI T12 electron microscope.
Pr was obtained from a local hardware store, and Et was purchased from Gilmore Liquid Air. The appropriate mixture of Pr and Et was prepared in either of two ways. The cryogen cup of the gravity-operated plunge freezer was filled to about 60% of capacity with Pr, which was allowed to solidify, then Et was added both to melt the Pr and fill the cup. Alternatively, the cryogen cup of the Vitrobot was filled to about 40% of capacity with Et, which was allowed to solidify, then Pr was added to melt the Et and fill the cup. The specimens and freezing steps were the same as for the Me-Et experiments.
Because both Me-Et and Pr-Et mixtures exist that are liquid at 77 K, a redesigned cryogen cup for the Vitrobot was constructed (see Fig. 1C,D). The main differences between this and previous designs are, first, the new design has much greater thermal contact between the LN and the cryogen, and, second, it incorporates the grid box storage and barrier features of newer Vitrobot cryogen cups with the outer insulating construction of the older Vitrobot cups. The redesigned cryogen cup was fabricated simply by milling the central hole and the outer annulus from an aluminum cylinder.
Tivol W.F., Briegel A, & Jensen G.J. (2008). An Improved Cryogen for Plunge Freezing. Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada, 14(5), 375-379.
Publication 2008
Aluminum Caulobacter crescentus Culture Media Edema Electron Microscopy Gases Gravity
2
In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity Assay
The two lead compounds 18 and 21 were advanced for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity study and celecoxib (1) was used as reference drug. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was measured using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. In brief, three to five male Sprague–Dawley rats, 8–11-weeks-old, weighing 180–200 g (Charles-River Canada) were used in each group. Animals were randomized into different treatment groups based on similar paw size and body weight. Test compounds 18 and 21 suspended in water containing 1% methyl cellulose were administered orally for a minimum of four different doses (0.3. 1, 5, 10 mg kg−1) 1 h prior to a 0.05 ml subcutaneous injection of fresh 1% carrageenan in 0.9% NaCl solution under the plantar skin of the hind paw. Control experiments were identical, except that the vehicle did not contain a test compound. The volume of the injected paw was measured at 0, 3, and 5 h using a UGO Basile 7141 Plethysmometer (series no. 43201), each value is mean of 10 measurements. A dose–response curve was constructed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 and ED50were calculated. No unusual change in behavior and toxic effects was noticed in all animals. In vivo anti-inflammatory assays were carried using a protocol approved by the Health Sciences Animal Welfare Committee, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Bhardwaj A., Kaur J., Wuest M, & Wuest F. (2017). In situ click chemistry generation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Nature Communications, 8, 1.
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Publication 2017
Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents Biological Assay Body Weight Carrageenan Celecoxib compound 18 Edema Males Methylcellulose Normal Saline Pharmaceutical Preparations prisma Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rivers Skin Subcutaneous Injections
3
Electrophoretic Separation and Blotting of RNA
All RNA samples were separated by electrophoresis using either 10 or 15% polyacrylamide (19:1) gels cast in 7 M urea and buffered with 20 mM MOPS/NaOH (pH 7) using a Protean II rig (Bio-Rad). Tris-based buffers were avoided as it was anticipated that these might interfere with the EDC-mediated cross-linking step. The electrophoresis buffer was 20 mM MOPS/NaOH (pH 7). RNA markers were 32γP-end-labelled Decade® RNA markers (Ambion) prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. After gel electrophoresis, gels were stained with ethidium bromide (EtBr) or SybrGold® (Molecular Probes) and imaged on a FLA-5000 system (Fuji) with Aida Image Analyser software to visualize and record the amount and distribution of the RNA.
For blotting, gels were placed over a sheet of nylon hybridization membrane (Hybond-NX®, Amersham/Pharmacia) that had been pre-wetted in distilled water. This was then sandwiched between pieces of 3MM® Whatman filter paper (three layers on each side), also pre-wetted in distilled water and placed in a ‘semidry’ electroblotter (SciPlas). Excess liquid and air bubbles were squeezed from the sandwich by rolling the surface with a clean pipette. Electrophoretic transfer of RNA from the gel to the membrane was carried out at 20 V at 4°C for 30–60 min.
Pall G.S., Codony-Servat C., Byrne J., Ritchie L, & Hamilton A. (2007). Carbodiimide-mediated cross-linking of RNA to nylon membranes improves the detection of siRNA, miRNA and piRNA by northern blot. Nucleic Acids Research, 35(8), e60.
Publication 2007
Buffers CD3EAP protein, human Crossbreeding Edema Electrophoresis Ethidium Bromide Molecular Probes morpholinopropane sulfonic acid Nylons polyacrylamide Tissue, Membrane Transfer RNA Urea
4
Phantom Evaluation of T2p-SSFP Accuracy
Phantom studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the T2p-SSFP method. Phantoms were prepared using two different mixtures of NiCl2 and agar [21 (link)] to approximate the T1 and T2 values of normal (T1/T2 = 1081/51 ms) and edematous (T1/T2 = 1223/62 ms) myocardium [14 (link)]. The T1 values were verified using an inversion recovery spin echo sequence with eighteen TI times ranging from 22 to 3000 ms; the T2 values were verified using a spin echo sequence with thirteen TE times ranging from 11 to 143 ms. Both spin echo protocols used a TR of 10 seconds to allow for complete recovery of longitudinal magnetization and the scan time per image was approximately 17 minutes. Both T1 and T2 were fit using Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares method. T2p-SSFP was run using both linear and centric k-space ordering to evaluate the performance of each. All phantom studies were performed with a simulated heart rate of 60 beats per min (bpm). Different wait times (2 through 5 RR) between TET2P images were compared to evaluate the influence of T1 recovery on the accuracy of the T2 maps. The phantom T2's were also measured using a conventional multi-echo turbo spin echo (MESE) approach to compare it's accuracy with T2p-SSFP. Two MESE protocols were used: 2 echoes (TE = 4.4, 53 ms) and 3 echoes (TE = 4.4, 44, 84 ms) (see Table 2 for imaging parameters).
Giri S., Chung Y.C., Merchant A., Mihai G., Rajagopalan S., Raman S.V, & Simonetti O.P. (2009). T2 quantification for improved detection of myocardial edema. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 11(1), 56.
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Publication 2009
Agar ECHO protocol Edema Microtubule-Associated Proteins Myocardium Neoplasm Metastasis Radionuclide Imaging Rate, Heart Sequence Inversion
5
MESA Cardiovascular Event Adjudication Protocol

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2008
Angina Pectoris Asymptomatic Diseases Biological Markers Blood Vessel Brain Brain Metastases Cardiovascular System Cerebral Ventriculography Cerebrovascular Accident Chest Pain Clinical Reasoning Compassion Fatigue Congenital Abnormality Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Occlusion Diagnosis Dyspnea Echocardiography Edema Exercise Tests Heart Heart Ventricle Hospitalization Infection Interviewers Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Ischemia Neoplasms Outpatients Patients Physical Examination Physicians Pulmonary Edema Radiography, Thoracic Traumatic Brain Injury Wounds and Injuries

Most recents protocols related to «Edema»

1
Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

In the following experiments, a mouse model of RVO, which induces reproducible retinal edema was used. RVO is the model that was used for testing anti-VEGF therapies for DME. Brown et al., Ophthalmology 117, 1124-1133 el 121 (2010); and Campochiaro et al., Ophthalmology 117, 1102-1112 e1101 (2010). I n this model, Rose Bengal, a photoactivatable dye, is injected into the tail veins of adult C57B16 mice and photoactivated by laser of retinal veins around the optic nerve head. A clot is formed and edema or increased retinal thickness develops rapidly. Inflammation, also seen in diabetes, also develops.

Fluorescein leakage and maximal retinal edema, measured by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively, using the Phoenix Micron IV, is observed 24 h after RVO. Retinal edema is maintained over the first 3 days RVO. By day 4 the edema decreases and the retina subsequently thins out. In addition to edema formation there is evidence of cell death in the photoreceptor cell layer by day 2 after RVO.

In this example, mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of ketamine and xylazine. One drop of 0.5% alcaine was added to the eye as topical anesthetic. The retina was imaged with the Phoenix Micron IV to choose veins for laser ablation using the Phoenix Micron IV image guided laser. One to four veins around the optic nerve head were ablated by delivering a laser pulse (power 50 mW, spot size 50 μm, duration 3 seconds) to each vein.

US11857609B2. Ocular delivery of cell permeant therapeutics for the treatment of retinal edema (2024-01-02). THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK [US]. Inventors: Carol M. Troy [US], Ying Y. Jean [US].
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Patent 2024
Adult Alcaine Cell Death Clotrimazole Diabetes Mellitus Edema Fluorescein Fluorescein Angiography Inflammation Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Laser Ablation Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Optic Disk Photoreceptor Cells Pulse Rate Retina Retinal Edema Rose Bengal Tail Tomography, Optical Coherence Topical Anesthetics Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Veins Veins, Central Retinal Vision Xylazine
2
Portable Device for Pressure Ulcer Detection
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

Medical Device: Portable Device for Detection of Pressure Ulcers Wavelengths for Pressure Ulcers

FIG. 12 is an in vitro absorption spectra of hemoglobin and water showing a spectral window in tissue in the near infrared (NIR) window. The window occurs due firstly a decrease in blood (oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin) absorption and secondly an increase in water absorption with increasing wavelength. With less oxygen in the blood, there is greater red absorption (660 nm) and a lower signal at the photodetector. With more water due to edema, there is greater absorption at 950 nm and a lower intensity at the photodetector.

Classifier Algorithm Fuses Data

The wavelength response is used to classify tissue damage as a pressure ulcer. Raw data is collected from the subject. The wavelength intensity of the light in each pixel of the raw data are fused in a cluster analysis by a classifier algorithm (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4991589). The resulting classified image identifies regions of injury.

US11857294B2. Medical devices for measuring tissue properties and methods of use (2024-01-02). Texas A&M University [US]. Inventors: John Hanks [US], Amir Tofighi Zavareh [US], Michel Saint-Cyr [US].
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Patent 2024
BLOOD deoxyhemoglobin Edema Hemoglobin Injuries Light Medical Devices Oxygen Pressure Ulcer Tissues
3
Synthesis of Polyethylene-DVB Composite Particles
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

Mitsiu Chemical Mipelon PM-200 consists of 10 micron high molecular weight polyethylene particles. Into a 20 ml vial, 1.00 g of Mipelon and 5.00 g of 20 parts n-heptane and 1 part divinylbenzene (80% purity) with 1% AIBN (of the divinylbenzene mass) as the thermal free radical initiator were added. The vial was heated to 65° C. and agitated for 52 hours. After polymerization, the particles were allowed to settle, the excess liquid (n-heptane) was decanted. The particles were then rinsed with three aliquots of acetone (15 mL per aliquot) to remove any excess monomer or porogen. The supernatant was cloudy for the first two rinses indicating some particles and colloidal DVB. After the final rinse, the vials were placed in the oven with the caps off for one hour to dry.

The scanning electron micrographs in FIG. 2 show the uncoated and coated polyethylene particles. A thin layer of the DVB polymer, as well as colloidal size particles of the polymer can be seen throughout the surface of the PE particles. The DVB polymer layer can be derivatized to add additional chemical functionality, including hydrophilic and/or ion exchange groups

US11879043B2. Coated poly-olefins (2024-01-23). DIONEX CORPORATION [US]. Inventors: John M. Riviello [US], Christopher A. Pohl [US].
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Patent 2024
Acetone azobis(isobutyronitrile) divinylbenzene Edema Electrons Free Radicals Heptane Ion Exchange n-heptane Polyethylenes Polymerization Polymers Vision
4
Improved ML-based FSHD Biomarkers
We defined two STIR-based radiomic features to be used as an alternative to the conventional textural features of WF1 and WF2. We use these new features as the only covariates in the implementation of ML algorithms to test whether the prediction performance of ML models could be improved over those obtained by the previously described workflows. Firstly, we applied the same segmentation method of FSHD patients on the pre-processed STIR images of each healthy control (HC). In particular, six contiguous HCs slices of mid-calf region were segmented in order to ensure a robust pixel statistics of the grayscale intensity distributions. Then, two reference limits, Upper Limit (UL) and Lower Limit (LL), were defined as follows. Inspired by Dahlqvist et al. (41 (link)), UL was defined for each calf muscle through the extraction of a pixel-wise histogram of signal intensity distribution from all slices. The six muscle-wise UL were set at the mean μ of the associated pixels-intensity distribution added to 2 standard deviation (S.D.) σ:
with i indexing the six calf muscles.
Due to non-uniform fat suppression of STIR sequence, LL was calculated as a representative value of fat signal intensity. Therefore, subcutaneous fat (average thickness at medial level of HCs was about 10.5 mm) was manually drawn in HCs slices to ensure the extraction of LL feature. In particular, from subcutaneous fat ROI of all slices the pixel-wise histogram of signal intensity distribution was extracted. Subsequently, the LL was set as the mode of the distribution. In this way, we could calculate a more realistic fat intensity representative value, limiting the contribution of blood vessels present in the subcutaneous fat, which tend to shift the mean value of the associated distribution toward greater value due to the hyperintesity STIR signal of the blood.
Moreover, the obtained LL and muscle-wise UL coefficients were set as the reference limits to quantify, for every FSHD patient, fat infiltration grade (FFG) and muscle edema grade (MEG) by expressing the number of pixels below LL and above UL as a percentage of the total pixels in each calf muscle. FFG and MEG were then used as covariates in ML models to predict FF and wT2, respectively. Particularly, muscle-wise FFG and MEG values were separately collected into datasets according to calf muscles and neuromuscular biomarker and used as input for machine learning algorithms.
As described in WF1, we implemented both parametric and non-parametric models using the k-folds cross validation as a resampling approach. WF3 brought the advantage of testing the prediction accuracy of neuromuscular biomarkers with two features that were easy to compute by means of a stand-alone Python routine, without going through commercial texture software and any dimensionality reduction techniques.
Colelli G., Barzaghi L., Paoletti M., Monforte M., Bergsland N., Manco G., Deligianni X., Santini F., Ricci E., Tasca G., Mira A., Figini S, & Pichiecchio A. (2023). Radiomics and machine learning applied to STIR sequence for prediction of quantitative parameters in facioscapulohumeral disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 14, 1105276.
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Publication 2023
Biological Markers BLOOD Blood Vessel Edema Muscle Tissue Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral Patients Python Subcutaneous Fat
5
Sarcopenia in Heart Failure Patients
Seventy-seven patients aged ≥ 65 years old with similar diet and environmental conditions in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were enrolled in this study. Patients were classified into the following 3 categories: 33 HF patients without sarcopenia (HF group), 29 HF patients with sarcopenia (SHF group), and 15 control individuals (Control group). Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 Guidelines (Chen et al., 2020 (link)). Low skeletal muscle mass was defined as muscle mass < 7.0 kg/m2 (male) or < 5.7 kg/m2 (female) by bioelectrical impedance analysis using the InBodyS10 body composition analyzer (Chen et al., 2014 (link)). Low muscle strength was defined as handgrip strength <28 kg for male and <18 kg for female. Criteria for low physical performance is a 6-m walk speed < 1 m/s. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass plus either diminished muscle strength or physical performance. Exclude subjects included recurrent diarrhea or constipation, unusual dietary habits (vegetarians), edema, those with tumors, diabetes, intestinal inflammation, irritable bowel syndrome, history of intestinal surgery, being treated with antibiotics or probiotics within 1 month. Demographic characteristics and clinical laboratory examinations were documented for all patients. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study was conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki.
Peng J., Gong H., Lyu X., Liu Y., Li S., Tan S., Dong L, & Zhang X. (2023). Characteristics of the fecal microbiome and metabolome in older patients with heart failure and sarcopenia. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1127041.
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics, Antitubercular Asian Persons Bioelectrical Impedance Body Composition Clinical Laboratory Services Constipation Diabetes Mellitus Diarrhea Edema Inflammation Intestines Irritable Bowel Syndrome Males Muscle Strength Muscle Tissue Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Performance, Physical Physical Examination Probiotics Regional Ethics Committees Sarcopenia Skeletal Muscles Therapy, Diet Vegetarians Woman

Top products related to «Edema»

1
Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc) by Merck Group
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The TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride) is a laboratory reagent used for various analytical and diagnostic applications. It is a colorless compound that is reduced to a red formazan product in the presence of metabolically active cells or tissues. This color change is utilized to assess cell viability, detect active enzymes, and measure cellular respiration in a wide range of biological samples.
2
Plethysmometer by Ugo Basile
Sourced in Italy
The Plethysmometer is a lab equipment used for measuring the volume changes of a subject's body part, such as a limb. It operates by recording the displacement of air or liquid in a closed chamber when the subject's body part is inserted into it.
3
Vitrobot mark 4 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Czechia, Israel
The Vitrobot Mark IV is a cryo-electron microscopy sample preparation instrument designed to produce high-quality vitrified specimens for analysis. It automates the process of blotting and plunge-freezing samples in liquid ethane, ensuring consistent and reproducible sample preparation.
4
Jem 1400 tem by JEOL
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The JEM-1400 TEM is a transmission electron microscope manufactured by JEOL. It is designed to provide high-quality imaging and analytical capabilities for a wide range of scientific and industrial applications.
5
Ht7700 by Hitachi
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The HT7700 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) designed for materials analysis and characterization. It provides advanced imaging and analytical capabilities for a wide range of applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and life sciences. The core function of the HT7700 is to enable high-resolution, high-contrast imaging and elemental analysis of nanoscale structures and materials.
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Filter paper by Cytiva
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Filter paper is a laboratory consumable used to separate solid particles from liquids through a filtration process. It is made of highly absorbent cellulose material that allows the liquid to pass through while retaining the solid matter. Filter papers are available in various grades, pore sizes, and diameters to suit different applications and sample types.
7
Jem 1400 by JEOL
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The JEM-1400 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) produced by JEOL. It is designed to provide high-quality imaging and analysis of a wide range of materials at the nanoscale level. The JEM-1400 offers a maximum accelerating voltage of 120 kV and features advanced optics and detectors to enable detailed examination of samples.
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More about "Edema"

Oedema, swelling, fluid accumulation, plethysmometer, Vitrobot Mark IV, JEM-1400, HT7700, transmission electron microscopy, TEM, Whatman filter paper, Image-Pro Plus 6.0, PubCompare.AI, protocols, reproducibility, accuracy, research, healthcare, patient outcomes