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> Disorders > Pathologic Function > Fetal Death

Fetal Death

Fetal Death: The intrauterine death of a fetus at any time during pregnancy.
It may result from numerous factors including genetic defects, maternal disease, placental abnormalities, injury, or unknown causes.
Accurate identification of fetal death risk factors and optimized research methodologies are crucial for reducing this tragic outcome and improving maternal-fetal health.
PubCompare.ai leverages advanced AI to streamline fetal deatth research, helping users locate the best protocols and products across literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This enhances reproducibility and accuarcy, ensuring your research is as effective as possible.

Most cited protocols related to «Fetal Death»

1
Perinatal Outcomes in Migrant Women
Cited 40 times
We recruited women delivering in three secondary and tertiary care maternity hospitals of Berlin/Germany ((1) the Virchow Campus site of the Charité University Hospital, (2) the Vivantes Klinikum am Urban, and (3) the Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln) in a 12-month period 2011/12 (n = 8157). Minors (n = 105, 1.3%), tourists not resident in Germany (n = 24, 0.3%), women terminating a pregnancy, and women with miscarriages and stillbirths (fetal death in utero ascertained at hospital admission and before onset of labor, n = 106, 1.3%) were excluded. It was not possible to contact 363 women despite multiple attempts. Of the remaining 7559 women 381 declined to participate. We conducted face-to-face interviews and linked them with highly standardized obstetric process and outcome data from hospital databases. Linkage of available interview data with obstetric process and outcome data failed in 72 cases. Six women did not consent to the linkage of data sources. In total, 7100 women participated (response rate of 89.6%). This corresponded to 7334 birth data records because of twin and triplet births.
For the analysis presented here, we considered only nulliparous women with vertex pregnancies and singleton birth, 37th week of gestation onwards. Women with elective cesarean delivery were excluded as they are not informative for our study question. We further restricted the sample to women with own migration experience (1st generation immigrants). Migrant women are a heterogeneous group. Health differences in this group might be larger than between migrant and non-migrant women. For this reason we selected women originating from Turkey and Lebanon (the two largest and only immigrant groups that allow separate analysis) and to women without a migration history (non-immigrant women). Also, 63 women without data on cervical dilatation were removed from analyses (see Fig. 1).

Flowchart of case recruitment, Berlin Perinatal study, 2011/12

In the original study, interviews were conducted with each subject at two time points: on admission to the delivery room (T1) and on the second or third day postpartum in the maternity wards (T2). Questionnaires were available in German, Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic, and other languages. Translators were involved in case of language barriers. Nearly all women with migration background (193 of 205) were able to communicate with the obstetrician in German. For this analysis, only T1 data was used. Formally, the analyses reported here are secondary analyses as the original study question related to pregnancy outcomes such as frequeny of cesarean deliveries [20 (link)].
Breckenkamp J., Läcke E.M., Henrich W., Borde T., Brenne S., David M, & Razum O. (2019). Advanced cervical dilatation as a predictor for low emergency cesarean delivery: a comparison between migrant and non-migrant Primiparae – secondary analysis in Berlin, Germany. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19, 1.
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Publication 2019
Cesarean Section Childbirth Dilatations, Cervical Face Fetal Death Genetic Heterogeneity Immigrants Migrants Miscarriage Nonmigrants Obstetrician Pregnancy Triplets Twins Uterus Woman
2
Multimodal Recruitment for Postpartum Study
Cited 16 times
This study was approved by the Penn State College of Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB) as well as the IRBs of participating hospitals located throughout the State of Pennsylvania. Recruitment methods included the placement of study brochures, flyers and posters in strategic locations at a variety of venues including hospitals, obstetricians’ offices, ultrasound centers, low-income clinics, community health and pregnancy support centers; press releases were sent to newspapers across the state and advertisements were placed in community newspapers and weekly publications; and the internet was used for hospital intranet postings and webpage announcements. Study recruiters described the study and distributed brochures to potential participants attending childbirth education classes and hospital tours associated with participating hospitals. Study brochures were mailed to potentially eligible women by a Medicaid insurer which served women across the State. Recruitment materials were also mailed to women reported to be nulliparous, pregnant, aged 18 to 35 and living in Pennsylvania, whose names and addresses were provided by a marketing company and compiled from information obtained from credit card companies, magazines, charities, organizations, manufacturers and retailers.
We began recruitment of study participants in January, 2009 and completed in April, 2011. There were 74 women who completed the baseline interview but did not complete the 1-month interview, some because of fetal demise, but most because they decided not to participate. Those who did not complete the 1 month interview were replaced until we had obtained our targeted enrollment number of 3,000 women. We over-enrolled slightly to obtain a final sample size of 3,006 study participants. Therefore, a total of 3,080 women were recruited, consented and completed the baseline interview, and 3,006 completed both the baseline and 1-month postpartum interviews. We used this method, to maximise participant retention. The 74 women who dropped out of the study after the first interview were different from those who completed the 1-month interview in that they were younger, less likely to be covered by private insurance and more likely to live in an urban area. They were not significantly different in race/ethnicity.
We obtained the birth certificate and hospital discharge data for the 3,006 study participants, with a match rate of 99.4% for the birth certificate data, 99.5% for the mothers’ hospital discharge data and 98.4% for the babies’ hospital discharge data.
Kjerulff K.H., Velott D.L., Zhu J., Chuang C.H., Hillemeier M.M., Paul I.M, & Repke J.T. (2012). Mode of First Delivery and Women’s Intentions for Subsequent Childbearing: Findings from the First Baby Study. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 27(1), 62-71.
Publication 2012
Childbirth Classes Ethics Committees, Research Ethnicity Fetal Death Infant Mothers Obstetrician Patient Discharge Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Retention (Psychology) Ultrasonography Woman Youth
3
SCRN Stillbirth Postmortem Examination Protocol
Cited 16 times
In 2003, the NICHD established the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network (SCRN) to study the extent and causes of stillbirth in the United States.14 The SCRN encompasses five clinical sites, a data coordinating and analysis center, and NICHD. Stillbirth was defined as a fetal death at 20 weeks’ gestation or greater. The SCRN further defined fetal death as Apgar scores of 0 and 0 at 1 and 5 minutes with no other signs of life by direct observation. The SCRN investigators developed a prospective, multicenter, population-based case-control study of all stillbirths and a representative sample of live births occurring to residents in five geographically diverse regions. The study enrolled patients at 59 hospitals, averaging >80,000 deliveries per year, from March 2006 to August 2008. Participants underwent a standardized protocol including maternal interview, medical record abstraction, biospecimen collection, placental pathology, and, for cases, postmortem examination. General information regarding the overall SCRN study design, the development of the SCRN pathology protocols and associated data collection procedures, and the technical standards for digital photographs were previously published. In this article, we review the specific procedures for the SCRN postmortem examinations. Neuropathologic elements of the postmortem procedures are reported separately.
Pinar H., Koch M.A., Hawkins H., Heim-Hall J., Abramowsky C.R., Thorsten V.R., Carpenter M.W., Zhou H.H, & Reddy U.M. (2011). The Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network Postmortem Examination Protocol. American journal of perinatology, 29(3), 187-202.
Publication 2011
Apgar Score Autopsy Fetal Death Inpatient Mothers Obstetric Delivery Placenta Pregnancy
4
Epidemiological Study of Congenital Heart Defects
Cited 13 times
We applied our classification to data obtained from a population-based epidemiological study of patients with congenitally malformed hearts (the EPICARD study) in France. EPICARD is an ongoing prospective cohort follow-up study of all children with a CHD born to women in the conurbation of Greater Paris between 2005 and 2008. Over that period, the total number of births in the conurbation was approximately 300,000. We included all cases of CHD, not only live births, but also stillbirths and terminations of pregnancy. The principal objectives of EPICARD are to use population-based data from a large cohort of patients with CHD to first, estimate total and live birth prevalence, pre- and postnatal diagnosis of CHD; second, assess medical and surgical management of children with CHD; third, evaluate neonatal mortality and morbidity and neuro-developmental outcomes of children with CHD; and fourth, identify the factors associated with their health outcomes, especially the role of events during the neonatal period and of the initial medical and surgical management.
The total number of births in the Greater Paris conurbation over the study period was 317,538. All cases, including live births, pregnancy terminations, and foetal deaths, therefore, if diagnosed in the prenatal period or up to one year of age in the birth cohorts between May 1st 2005 and April 31st 2008, were eligible for inclusion. The total number of cases included in the study was 2867, including 2349 newborns (82%), 465 pregnancy terminations (16.2%) and 53 foetal deaths (1.8%). Diagnoses were confirmed in specialized paediatric cardiology departments, and for the majority of pregnancy terminations and foetal deaths by pathological examination. For those instances in which a pathologic study could not be achieved, the diagnoses were confirmed by consensus by a paediatric cardiologist and a specialist in echocardiography, based on the results of prenatal echocardiographic examination.
Houyel L., Khoshnood B., Anderson R.H., Lelong N., Thieulin A.C., Goffinet F, & Bonnet D. (2011). Population-based evaluation of a suggested anatomic and clinical classification of congenital heart defects based on the International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 6, 64.
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Publication 2011
Birth Cohort Cardiologists Cardiovascular System Child Childbirth Child Development Congenital Heart Defects Diagnosis Echocardiography Fetal Death Induced Abortions Infant, Newborn Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Woman
5
Linking ART Cycles to Birth Records
Cited 12 times
We began with the 48,578 ART cycles, attributed to 21,102 unique women based on SART CORS Woman ID which allows identification of women across clinics in the SART database [18 (link)–20 ], and independently verified by the MOSART database manager. We then eliminated ART cycles and women that could not link to PELL including 5,339 cycle records belonging to 2,437 women treated at MA clinics who had established non-MA residencies and 590 cycles associated with 226 women who were gestational carriers. The latter were omitted because SART CORS records the intended mother's name and date of birth, not the carrier's, and a linkage to a PELL birth record would not have been possible. This resulted in a final SART CORS sample of 18,439 women with 42,649 ART treatment cycles in the 2004–2008 study period eligible for potential linkage to the PELL database.
The 18,439 ART treated women were further subdivided into three groups according to birth outcome information 10,733 women with a live birth (live birth or fetal death greater than 20 weeks gestation) associated with one of their ART treatment cycles; 1,285 women with a clinical intrauterine gestation but subsequent early loss prior to 20 weeks gestation; and 6,421 women with no reported conception or delivery. The latter two groups of women were eliminated from this current linkage analysis, as were the 1,450 women with live birth deliveries that occurred after December 31, 2008. The resulting 9,283 women had 10,086 deliveries during the study period.
The pregnancy and/or birth outcome information in a proportion of ART cycles reported to SART CORS, however, may be unknown, incomplete or an approximation— due to loss of follow-up or provision of inexact outcome information by the patient, social service or provider reports nine months or more after the ART cycle takes place (i.e., not based on formal medical records verification) We, therefore, additionally assessed all cycles of ART regardless of whether an outcome was listed in SART CORS. An additional 43 women with 52 deliveries; 15 deliveries associated with an intrauterine gestation and early loss and 37 deliveries with no conception were identified in the PELL/birth certificate database in the study time period and added back into the SART CORS database.
The final linkage database consisted of 10,138 deliveries eligible for matching from SART CORS with 334,152 deliveries eligible for matching from MA PELL.
Kotelchuck M., Hoang L., Stern J.E., Diop H., Belanoff C, & Declercq E. (2014). The MOSART Database: Linking the SART CORS Clinical Database to the Population-Based Massachusetts PELL Reproductive Public Health Data System. Maternal and child health journal, 18(9), 2167-2178.
Publication 2014
Childbirth Conception Fetal Death Genetic Linkage Analysis Heart Linkage, Genetic Obstetric Delivery Patients Pregnancy Residency Surrogate Mothers Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Fetal Death»

1
Stillbirth Rates Among Reproductive-Age Mothers
The stillbirth rate among mothers of reproductive age served as the study's primary outcome variable. Stillbirth is defined as the death of a fetus during the third trimester of pregnancy (≥28 weeks) (10 ). The response variable for the one woman who had a stillbirth was entered as 1, while the response variable for the other mothers was coded as 0.
Shakeel A., Kamal A., Ijaz M., Siddiqa M., Tesema G.A, & Abushal T. (2023). Trends and risk factors of stillbirth among women of reproductive age in Pakistan: A multivariate decomposition analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1050136.
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Publication 2023
Fetal Death Mothers Reproduction Woman
2
Maternal Outcomes in Singleton Births
The study population was women aged ≥20 years who had a singleton birth at the Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, between January 2016 and December 2020.
The inclusion criteria were ≥28 weeks gestational week of delivery, age ≥20 years, and singleton live birth. The exclusion criteria were induction of labor, intrauterine fetal death, viral myocarditis, congenital heart disease, liver, kidney, lung, and other important organ pathologies, serious primary diseases, combined with serious infectious diseases, mental disorders, or cognitive dysfunction. Fifteen thousand eight hundred and sixty-one mothers met the criteria.
Dai J., Shi Y., Wu Y., Guo L., Lu D., Chen Y., Wang Y., Lai H, & Kong X. (2023). The interaction between age and parity on adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1056064.
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Publication 2023
Communicable Diseases Congenital Heart Defects Disorders, Cognitive Fetal Death Genes, vif Kidney Labor, Induced Liver Lung Mental Disorders Mothers Myocarditis Obstetric Delivery Pregnancy Woman
3
Pregnancy Loss Terminology and Definitions
Livebirth is defined as a child born alive. Pregnancy loss refers to pregnancy ending in a non-livebirth due to miscarriage, stillbirth, or abortion. Miscarriage is defined as a pregnancy ended early and involuntarily. Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage refers to fetal death in the womb before 20 weeks of gestation. Stillbirth is defined as birth of a child with no signs of life or fetal demise occurring at the gestation of 28 weeks or later. Abortion is defined as voluntary termination of pregnancy [16 ].
Kuppusamy P., Prusty R.K., Chaaithanya I.K., Gajbhiye R.K, & Sachdeva G. (2023). Pregnancy outcomes among Indian women: increased prevalence of miscarriage and stillbirth during 2015–2021. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, 150.
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Publication 2023
Birth Child Childbirth Fetal Death Induced Abortions Pregnancy Spontaneous Abortion Uterus
4
Autologous Blastocyst Transfer Outcomes
The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital according to the Declaration of Helsinki (2022KY-049), conducting at the reproductive center and the obstetric department of the same hospital. The delivery timing spanned from January 2019 to March 2022. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) single D5 or D6 blastocyst transfer; (b) first or second FET transfer; (c) autologous oocytes; and (d) singleton delivery at ≥ 28 weeks of gestation. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (a) uterine malformation; (b) delivery at other hospitals; (c) identical twins; (d) stillbirth (fetal death after 28 weeks of pregnancy); and (e) missed cycle data.
Ji H., Zhang M.Q., Zhou Q., Zhang S., Dong L., Li X.L., Zhao C., Ding H, & Ling X.F. (2023). Trophectoderm biopsy is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes rather than neonatal outcomes. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, 141.
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Publication 2023
Blastocyst Transfer Children's Health Ethics Committees Fetal Death Obstetric Delivery Ovum Pregnancy Twins, Monozygotic Uterine Anomalies
5
Inherited Thrombophilia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
In this study, patients had been incorporated from a prospective cohort of 358 pregnant recruited between 2016 and 2018 at the Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia12 (link)
. Briefly, the study endorsed all the referred women with inherited thrombophilia between 11 and 15 weeks of gestation and followed up to the delivery. The examined parameters were laboratory parameters and Doppler flows of the umbilical artery at 28th to 30th, 32nd to 34th, and 36th to 38th gestational weeks (gw), use of LMWH prophylaxis, and obstetric and perinatal outcomes. For this study, we incorporated the cases with the complete data on values of the RiAu between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation and values of D-dimer between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation.
The exclusion criteria were as follows:
The data for the study were drawn from the patient records in the hospital database, including age, comorbid conditions (pulmonary embolism, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction), adverse health outcomes in the family history (arterial hypertension, HA; deep venous thrombosis, DVT; myocardial infarction, MI; cerebrovascular insult, CVI; pulmonary embolism, PULME; thyroid dysfunction, THR) if thrombophilia was recognized prior to the current pregnancy, previous APO, type of mutation responsible for thrombophilia (plasminogen-activator inhibitor, PAI; factor V Leiden; MTHFR mutation; prothrombin G20210A; protein S deficiency; factors VII, IX, and XI; or anti-thrombin-related mutation), mode of delivery, APO in the current pregnancy (in our study, we recorded pregnancy losses in the third trimester—intrauterine fetal death—preterm birth, fetal growth restriction), values of resistance index of umbilical artery (RiAu) between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation, and values of D-dimer between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation, the LMWH therapy in the current pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, and fetal sex. The characteristics of the participants from the original cohort are presented elsewhere12 (link)
. From the cohort of 358 pregnant patients, 203 had complete data on values of the RiAu between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation and values of D-dimer between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation and were selected for the analysis. These cases were classified into two groups according to the presence of APO in the current pregnancy: group with APO (33 cases, 16.3%) and group without APO (170 cases, 83.7%).
The statistical analyses were conducted using the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics. To this end, the means, standard deviations, skewness, and kurtosis were calculated for numerical data, and categorical variables were presented by absolute numbers with percentages. The differences between the groups with APO and without APO were analyzed using the chi-square (χ2) test for categorical variables and the Student's t-test for numerical variables. The path analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between LMWH therapy, previous APO, gestational age at delivery, RiAu between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation, D-dimer value between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation, and APO. Multiple measures were used to assess the adequacy of model fit to the data: the chi-square test and the fit indices such as the comparative fit index (CFI), the normed fit index (NFI), the adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The model consistency was evaluated by the chi-square test, which indicates, when nonsignificant, that the data are consistent. The acceptable model fitting values for fit indices were defined as follows: CFI ≥0.95, NFI≥0.95, AGFI ≥0.95, and RMSEA <0.05. In all the analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05, and the statistical analyses were performed using the Amos 21 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software.
Dugalic S., Petronijevic M., Sengul D., Detanac D.A., Sengul I., Veiga E.C., Stanisavljevic T., Macura M., Todorovic J, & Gojnic M. (2023). Hereditary thrombophilia and low -molecular -weight heparin in women: useful determinants, including thyroid dysfunction, incorporating the management of treatment and outcomes of the entity. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 69(2), 335-340.
Publication 2023
Factor VII factor V Leiden Fetal Death Fetal Growth Retardation Fetus fibrin fragment D Gestational Age Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight High Blood Pressures Insulin Resistance Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Mutation Myocardial Infarction Obstetric Delivery Patients Plant Roots Plasminogen Inactivators Pregnancy Premature Birth Protein S Deficiency Prothrombin Pulmonary Embolism Therapeutics Thrombin Thrombophilia Thrombophilia, hereditary Thyroid Gland Umbilical Arteries Woman

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More about "Fetal Death"

Fetal demise, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), stillbirth, perinatal mortality, and fetal mortality are all terms used to describe the tragic occurrence of a fetus passing away in the womb.
This can happen at any stage of pregnancy, and the causes can range from genetic abnormalities and maternal health issues to placental problems, injuries, and unknown factors.
Accurate identification of risk factors and optimized research methodologies are crucial for reducing this heartbreaking outcome and improving maternal-fetal health.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered tool, can streamline fetal death research by helping users locate the best protocols and products across literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This enhances reproducibility and accuracy, ensuring your research is as effective as possible.
Leveraging advanced statistical software like SPSS version 22.0, Stata 15, and SAS version 9.4, researchers can analyze data and identify patterns that may contribute to fetal death.
Specialized equipment like Sonace R7, Rompun, Prism 5 V5.01, Red tiger-top gel separator tubes, High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit, and BD Vacutainer SST tubes can be used for sample collection, processing, and analysis.
The QIAamp DNA extraction kit can be employed to isolate genetic material for further investigation.
By incorporating these tools and techniques, researchers can gain deeper insights into the complex factors involved in fetal death, ultimately leading to improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
This knowledge is essential for enhancing maternal-fetal wellbeing and reducing the devastating impact of this tragic outcome.