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Arthralgia

Arthralgia, also known as joint pain, refers to discomfort, soreness, or ache in one or more joints.
It can be caused by a variety of conditions, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and injuries.
Arthralgia can affect any joint in the body, such as the knees, hips, ankles, and fingers.
Symptoms may include stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion.
Prper diagnosis and treatment are important to manage arthralgia and improve quality of life.
PubCompare.ai can help researchers effortlessly identify the most relevant protocols and products for studies on this condition, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.

Most cited protocols related to «Arthralgia»

1
Enriching Longitudinal Aging Study Data
Several ancillary studies have been performed among subsamples of LASA participants to enrich the data from regular measurement waves, with the purpose to answer specific research questions. For example, in the context of the European Project on Osteoarthritis (EPOSA) [10 (link), 11 (link)], additional data on osteoarthritis and joint pain have been collected in 2010–2011 and 2015–2016 among initially 574 LASA respondents. Other ancillary studies focused on various issues, such as end of life, family caregiving to older adults, perceived control in healthcare, nutrition and food-related behavior, loneliness behavior, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and predictors of hearing help-seeking behavior.
Reflecting developments in epidemiological research, data from LASA are increasingly being used for integrative studies, such as meta-analyses and international collaborations. In the past years, various meta-analyses have been performed including LASA data on mortality, physical functioning and biomarkers (e.g., [12 (link)–19 (link)]). We also participate in the Integrative Analysis of Longitudinal Studies on Aging (IALSA) [20 (link), 21 (link)], which has the aim to evaluate the reproducibility of results from longitudinal and life course studies, predominantly in the domains of cognitive and emotional functioning.
Hoogendijk E.O., Deeg D.J., Poppelaars J., van der Horst M., Broese van Groenou M.I., Comijs H.C., Pasman H.R., van Schoor N.M., Suanet B., Thomése F., van Tilburg T.G., Visser M, & Huisman M. (2016). The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam: cohort update 2016 and major findings. European Journal of Epidemiology, 31(9), 927-945.
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Publication 2016
Aged Arthralgia Biological Markers Cognition Degenerative Arthritides Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Emotions Europeans Food lipid-associated sialic acid Physical Examination
2
Validating a TMD Assessment Protocol
We obtained data from two convenience samples (Figure 1, page 1186). The first sample consisted of 732 adults at three academic health centers in the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC-TMD) Validation Project whom we characterized by using the expanded RDC-TMD assessment protocol.10 (link) Case status was based on consensus by two dentists at each site (among them Y.M.G. and R.O. at the University at Buffalo, N.Y., E.S. at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and E.L.T. at the University of Washington, Seattle) using calibrated technique.10 (link) We recruited putative control participants on the basis of absence of pain in the facial area during the preceding six months. At the time of participants’ enrollment, we evaluated them according to history, clinical examination and panoramic radiographic findings to exclude people with any possibility of odontogenic pain. We used this first sample for initial item development. Among the participants with TMD, we included 65 in a reliability assessment, with an interval of two to seven days between survey administrations to evaluate temporal stability.11 (link)For validity testing, we divided the 732 participants into four groups. We defined the target group, those having pain-related TMD, as those having a diagnosis of pain-related TMD (that is, myofascial pain, arthralgia or both) (as described by Schiffman and colleagues10 (link)). We identified two comparison groups without pain. One of them consisted of healthy control participants, defined as not meeting criteria for a diagnosis of TMD; exclusion criteria at enrollment permitted only low-severity headaches (per International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition [ICHD-II], criteria12 (link)) that were not affected by masticatory function. The second comparison group consisted of those with a nonpainful TMJ disorder, defined as a TMJ disorder (such as disk displacement or osteoarthrosis) identified via magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and this group served as a comparison for reporting of masticatory system symptoms. Participants in this latter group may have had jaw pain symptoms, but we required that those symptoms be insufficient to meet criteria for a diagnosis of TMD pain. We identified a third comparison group—those with headache in the temple region—by means of an algorithm from the ICHD-II criteria.12 (link) This group was a subset of the healthy control participants and those with nonpainful TMJ disorders, and we selected it on the basis of the absence of a diagnosis of TMD pain. Consequently, these participants represented those with regional headache without TMD pain and served as a comparison for pain symptom reporting. To create groups with similar sample sizes, we randomly selected a subset of the participants with pain-related TMD and retained it for analyses.
Another pain group, that with odontalgia, consisted of 80 participants whose chief complaint was toothache and odontogenic disease confirmed by means of clinical examination and radiographs. We did not determine the presence or absence of TMD in this group owing to logistic limitations, so we used these data for secondary analyses to determine the false-positive rate associated with a competitive pain condition.
Gonzalez Y.M., Schiffman E., Gordon S.M., Seago B., Truelove E.L., Slade G, & Ohrbach R. (2011). Development of a brief and effective temporomandibular disorder pain screening questionnaire: Reliability and validity. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 142(10), 1183-1191.
Publication 2011
Adult Arthralgia Buffaloes Degenerative Arthritides Dentist Diagnosis Face Headache Headache Disorders Healthy Volunteers Management, Pain Masticatory System Odontogenesis Pain Pain Disorder Panoramic Radiography Physical Examination Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Toothache X-Ray Computed Tomography X-Rays, Diagnostic
3
Evaluating Early Undifferentiated Arthritis
Expert panel members used a standardized template (Supplementary Figure 1, available in the online version of this article at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/76509746/home) to submit 3–5 real-life case scenarios representing patients with early (within 1 year of symptom onset) undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis. These scenarios included all patient information that the experts considered relevant to rule in (positive factors) or out (negative factors) an eventual diagnosis of RA.
Each scenario captured the following patient elements: age and sex, duration of joint pain, duration of joint swelling, average duration of morning stiffness, and distribution of affected joints (swollen and tender joints, indicated on joint homunculi). The expert also provided information on the subsequent disease course, whether or not treatment with methotrexate (MTX) had been initiated at that assessment time point, and the expert’s opinion, using a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (very low probability) to 5 (very high probability), of the probability that the patient would, if untreated, “develop RA.”
Each completed case scenario was assigned a unique name. Two members of the steering committee (TN and GH) selected a subset of 30 case scenarios that best represented the spectrum of probability of RA development. Most of the cases were in the middle 3 probability categories. These 30 scenarios were then simplified and standardized. The submitting expert’s identity, opinion regarding the probability of RA, and information on the subsequent disease course were removed.
Neogi T., Aletaha D., Silman A.J., Naden R.L., Felson D.T., Aggarwal R., Bingham CO I.I.I., Birnbaum N.S., Burmester G.R., Bykerk V.P., Cohen M.D., Combe B., Costenbader K.H., Dougados M., Emery P., Ferraccioli G., Hazes J.M., Hobbs K., Huizinga T.W., Kavanaugh A., Kay J., Khanna D., Kvien T.K., Laing T., Liao K., Mease P., Ménard H.A., Moreland L.W., Nair R., Pincus T., Ringold S., Smolen J.S., Stanislawska-Biernat E., Symmons D., Tak P.P., Upchurch K.S., Vencovský J., Wolfe F, & Hawker G. (2010). The 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Phase 2 Methodological Report. Arthritis and rheumatism, 62(9), 2582-2591.
Publication 2010
Arthralgia Arthritis Committee Members Diagnosis Disease Progression Joints Methotrexate Patients
4
Epilepsy Adverse Drug Reactions Study
Study participants were patients diagnosed with epilepsy by the Department of Neurology in Ningxia Medical University General Hospital. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ① Ningxia resident with no history of marriages with other ethnic groups for more than three generations; ② Clear indications for AEDs treatment; ③ Have not been administered oral AEDs, and potential adverse drug reactions declared in patients or their guardians, after which signed informed consents were obtained; and ④ The initial dose and increasing dose of AEDs determined according to the “Pharmacopeia of People's Republic of China” (2010 edition). The exclusion criteria were as follows: ① Having a history of alcohol-related epilepsy; ② Having a treatable cause (such as metabolic disorders, poisoning, and infection); ③ With progressive brain or central nervous system diseases, such as encephalitis, tumors, or degenerative diseases; ④ Suffering from other diseases and the emergence of allergy during the follow-up period; and ⑤ Having to discontinue or substitute medications and not completing 12 weeks of prescribed oral AEDs.
Four hundred and fifteen patients were followed up bi-weekly for 12 weeks after initiating oral AEDs. The initial dosage of PHT, LTG, CBZ, and valproate (VPA) was 200, 500, 12.5, 100 mg/d, and 5 mg/kg/d, respectively. They were examined for symptoms and signs of cADRs in an epileptic clinic every 2 weeks. AEDs tolerance was defined as patients who were able to tolerate AEDs without cADRs manifestation. If cADRs manifested, the AEDs were discontinued immediately and a dermatologist was consulted to diagnose and treat the patients (Figure 1).
Two attending or one chief physician from the Department of Dermatology examined the patients. The criteria for the diagnosis and classification of cADRs were as follows: ① MPE: a rash, not involving the mucosa, no organ or system damage, and resolved after 1–2 weeks; ② HSS: in addition to skin rash, numerous viscera involvement with systemic manifestations, such as fever, arthralgia, eosinophilia, and lymphadenopathy; ③ SJS: the occurrence of skin exfoliation, involving a range of no <10% of the body area, with or without other organ or system damage; ④ TEN: the presence of skin exfoliation, involving more than 30% of the body area, with or without other organ or system damage; and ⑤ SJS/TEN: the presence of skin exfoliation, involving a range of 10–30% of the total body area. The patients were treated for skin damage based on the severity as determined by a dermatologist after cADRs diagnosis was confirmed. These patients were assigned to the AEDs-cADRs group.
Nested case-control design is the most common way to reduce the costs of exposure assessment in prospective epidemiological studies. They can also reduce the sample size through matching (10 (link)). In this study, 15 patients with epilepsy who developed cADRs were defined as the AEDs-cADRs group. For each patient with AEDs-cADRs, two patients with AEDs tolerance were selected and matched by AEDs, gender, age (±3 years), and ethnicity.
Wang X., Chao L., Liu X., Xu X, & Zhang Q. (2019). Association Between HLA Genotype and Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Antiepileptic Drugs Among Epilepsy Patients in Northwest China. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 1.
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Publication 2019
Arthralgia Automated External Defibrillators Brain Central Nervous System Diseases Dermatologist Diagnosis Drug Reaction, Adverse Encephalitis Eosinophilia Epilepsy Ethanol Ethnic Groups Ethnicity Exanthema Fever Gender Human Body Hypersensitivity Immune Tolerance Infection Legal Guardians Lymphadenopathy Metabolic Diseases Mucous Membrane Neoplasms Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Skin Tooth Exfoliation Valproate Viscera
5
Comprehensive ICD-9-CM Codes for Pain Conditions

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Publication 2019
Abdominal Pain Arthralgia Back Pain Care, Ambulatory Chest Pain Chronic Pain Congenital Abnormality Contusions Degenerative Arthritides Diagnosis Dysmenorrhea Fibromyalgia Fracture, Bone Gout Headache Kashin-Beck Disease Neck Pain Pain Pain Disorder Pains, Acute Patients Pelvis Sprain Strains System, Genitourinary

Most recents protocols related to «Arthralgia»

1
360-Degree Full-Body Light Therapy for Muscle and Joint Pain
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

A 30 year-old female subject with muscle pain in the left leg and joint pain in near the left ankle—is positioned in a 360-degree full body light therapy device. The 360-degree light therapy device is configured as follows: (a) a first type of light emitting diode (LED) emits a wavelength of 550 nm, (b) a second type of LED emits a wavelength of 750 nm, (c) a third type of LED emits a wavelength of about 850 nm, and (d) a fourth type of LED emits a wavelength of about 900 nm.

The light therapy device has: 11520 first LED types (about 25.6% of the total LEDs), 5760 second LED types (about 12.8% of the total LEDs), 21960 third LED types (about 48.8% of the total LEDs), and 11520 fourth LED types (about 25.6% of the total LEDs). The LEDs emit with a power density of about 80 mW/cm2. The LEDs emit power at about 50 Joules/cm2 in a time period of about 10 minutes. The light therapy device is configured to pulse at a rate of about 10 hertz with an 85% duty cycle.

The subject undergoes a 30-minute session of irradiation twice a month for 3 straight months. After the 3 months of treatment, the subject's muscle pain in the left leg mitigates by about 80%, and the subject's joint pain near the left ankle reduces by about 50%.

US11865356B1. Light therapy device (2024-01-09). Theralight, LLC [US]. Inventors: Charles Vorwaller [US], Justin Vorwaller [US], Lin Yang [CN], Brian H. Probst [US].
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Patent 2024
Aftercare Arthralgia Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique Joints, Ankle Light Medical Devices Myalgia Pain Phototherapy Pulse Rate Radiotherapy Woman
2
Characterizing Acute Dengue Severity
Individuals included in the current study were enrolled in an ongoing parent study of suspected arboviral infections in the Asunción metropolitan area between February 2018 and March 2020. Participants of both genders and all ages were enrolled as outpatients at IICS-UNA in all study years and in the emergency care/inpatient facilities of Hospital Villa Elisa, 2018, and Hospital Central of the Instituto de Previsión Social, 2019–2020. Inclusion criteria for the parent study were an acute illness including two or more of the following symptoms: fever (measured or subjective), red eyes, rash, joint pain involving more than one joint, and/or diffuse muscle pain. Patients with fever and no other localizing signs or symptoms were also included. Day 1 was defined as the first day of symptoms.
One hundred forty-five participants with acute dengue and up to 7 days of symptoms were selected for the current cross-sectional analysis from a total study population of 1566 cases of suspected arboviral illness. Cases were classified according to the 2009 WHO criteria as dengue without warning signs (DWS-), dengue with warning signs (DWS+) and severe dengue (SD) [3 ]. Cases were classified during the initial visit, and the final classification used for this study was upgraded if the case evolved over time to a more severe category following presentation. For categorization as DWS+, it was necessary to have at least one warning sign. For categorization as SD, an individual had to develop at least one criterion for SD during the clinical course. To maximize study power, all SD cases in the parent study were included in this analysis. A mixture of DWS- and DWS+ cases was then selected to achieve a representative distribution of participants based on age, days of symptoms, comorbidities, and gender from across the study period and to maintain an even distribution of these two categories. The number of included cases was limited by sample volume and availability of demographic and clinical data.
Bernal C., Ping S., Rojas A., Caballero O., Stittleburg V., de Guillén Y., Langjahr P., Pinsky B.A., Von-Horoch M., Luraschi P., Cabral S., Sánchez M.C., Torres A., Cardozo F, & Waggoner J.J. (2023). Serum biomarkers and anti-flavivirus antibodies at presentation as indicators of severe dengue. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 17(2), e0010750.
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Publication 2023
Arboviruses Arbovirus Infections Arthralgia Dengue Fever Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Exanthema Eye Fever Gender Inpatient Joints Myalgia Outpatients Parent Patients Severe Dengue
3
Epidemiological Investigation of Streptococcus suis Outbreak
Epidemiologists from the Nakhon Ratchasima Public Health Office investigated the outbreak following a report from the Maharaj Nakhon Ratchasima hospital on April 1st, concerning the death of the first of two patients with a history of raw pork consumption during an ordination ceremony, who died from a S. suis infection. In parallel, the death of the two patients was reported in the local news, which prompted 199 participants of the ordination ceremony to report at the community hospital between April 3rd and April 8th. The epidemiologists reviewed the patients’ information, interviewed the patients, and conducted a survey amongst ceremony participants using a questionnaire. Finally, an attending veterinarian investigated the farm from which the contaminated pork originated and interviewed the farmer [26 ].
Suspected cases of S. suis infection were defined as: any patient who attended the ordination ceremony on March 28th, had a history of contact with food items served during the ceremony, and who displayed any of the following clinical symptoms: headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, stomach ache, diarrhoea, vomiting or nausea.
Blood cultures were taken from all suspected cases (n=88). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was extracted by lumbar puncture for patients showing symptoms of meningitis (n=3). Cases were confirmed following positive blood and/or CSF cultures. Presumptive identification of S. suis was carried out using ViTek-2 in the Maharaj Nakhon Ratchasima hospital as well as by a previously described S. suis typing PCR [26–28 ]. All isolates were stored at −80 °C for further analysis.
Brizuela J., Kajeekul R., Roodsant T.J., Riwload A., Boueroy P., Pattanapongpaibool A., Thaipadungpanit J., Jenjaroenpun P., Wongsurawat T., Batty E.M., van der Putten B.C., Schultsz C, & Kerdsin A. (2023). Streptococcus suis outbreak caused by an emerging zoonotic strain with acquired multi-drug resistance in Thailand. Microbial Genomics, 9(2), mgen000952.
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Publication 2023
Arthralgia Blood Blood Culture Cerebrospinal Fluid Chills Diarrhea Epidemiologists Farmers Food Headache Infection Meningitis Myalgia Nausea Pain Patients Pork Punctures, Lumbar Stomach Veterinarian
4
Pediatric Psoriasis and Musculoskeletal Involvement
This is a cross-sectional study performed between January 2019 and December 2019 by a collaboration between a tertiary pediatric dermatology and pediatric rheumatology clinic. The study group consists of pediatric Pso patients who were diagnosed in the dermatology outpatient clinics and control group is age/gender-matched randomly selected healthy volunteers.
Pso is classified according to the pattern of distribution (inverse, flexor, and seborrheic), morphology (plaque, guttat, erythrodermic, pustular, rupioid, and elephantine) and anatomic site (scalp, palmoplantar, genital, nail and, anal Pso) [9 (link)]. A pediatric dermatologist examined all patients and recorded their age at disease onset, Pso subtype, presence of nail involvement, and previous medications prescribed for cutaneous or nail Pso. Furthermore, all of them were questioned for the presence of arthralgia, arthritis, morning stiffness, hip pain, lower back pain, and heel pain in dermatology outpatient clinic. Special standardized evaluation forms were used (Appendix 1). Subsequently, pediatric patients with Pso were referred to pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic.
Healthy controls (HCs) were the volunteers that visited pediatric outpatient clinics for either vaccination or general control. All of them were evaluated by the same questionnaire in pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic (Appendix 2).
At pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic, patients with Pso and healthy individuals were initially examined by two pediatric rheumatologists (HES and SGK) and two fellows (AT and FC). Demographic data, including age, sex, weight, height, family history, and comorbidities were also recorded. Subsequently, all patients and HCs were subjected to articular and entheseal examination. Modified Schober’s test was performed to all patients and HCs for the evaluation of range of motion of lumbar spine. Measurements of <6 cm were regarded as abnormal. Finally, entheseal thickness of the Achilles tendon was measured by ultrasonography (US). The US examinations were performed in a darkened room by an expert pediatric rheumatologist (NAA), using an US (Venue 40, GE Healthcare) equipped with a broadband 6–18 MHz linear probe. The rheumatologist who performed US was blinded to the patients’ diagnoses, questionnaire responses and physical examinations, as well. The thickness of the Achilles tendon was measured at longitudinal section with the probe parallel to the tendon’s alignment, near to its insertion onto the calcaneus.
The study was reviewed and approved by the Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Ethics approval number: KAEK/2018.6.13) and the parents/patients gave a written consent approving to be a participant of this study.
Karadag S.G., Cakmak F., Topkarci Z., Sonmez H.E., Tanatar A., Erdugan M.K., Aldemir E., Topal N., Cakan M, & Ayaz N.A. (2023). Should children with psoriasis be consulted to a rheumatologist? Result from pediatric rheumatology-dermatology collaboration. Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 10(1), 59-66.
Publication 2023
Anus Arthralgia Arthritis Body Regions Calcaneus Dental Plaque Dermatologist Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Clinical Ethics Committees, Research Exfoliative Dermatitis Genitalia Healthy Volunteers Heel Joints Low Back Pain Nails Pain Parent Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Rheumatologist Scalp Sultan Tendon, Achilles Tendons Ultrasonography Vaccination Vertebrae, Lumbar Voluntary Workers
5
Adverse Event Monitoring in IPV Trial
SAEs evaluated throughout the study were any events resulting in death or were life-threatening, required hospitalization, and/or resulted in a persistent incapacity that disrupted normal life. General health and clinical laboratory assessments—complete blood counts (CBC) with differential for white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelets, creatinine, albumin, total bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), C-reactive protein (CRP), and antibodies against HBsAg, HIV and HCV—were performed during screening before vaccination, and on Day 8 post-vaccination for serum chemistry and hematology. Solicited local injection site reactions were pain, erythema/redness, swelling, induration and hyperpigmentation for the two IPV arms, and solicited systemic adverse events were chills, fatigue, headache, muscle aches/myalgia, joint ache/arthralgia, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever defined as an oral temperature ≥ 38.0 °C for all participants. Unsolicited adverse events were reported from Day 1 to Day 57. Solicited and unsolicited AEs were graded for severity on a scale of 0 (normal), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), and 3 (severe).
Erdem R., De Coster I., Withanage K., Mercer L.D., Marchant A., Taton M., Cools N., Lion E., Cassels F., Higgins D., Ivinson K., Locke E., Mahmood K., Wright P.F., Gast C., White J.A., Ackerman M.E., Konopka-Anstadt J.L., Mainou B.A, & Van Damme P. (2023). Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine with or without E.coli double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) adjuvant in healthy adults; a phase 1 randomized study. Vaccine, 41(10), 1657-1667.
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Publication 2023
Alanine Transaminase Albumins Antibodies Arm, Upper Arthralgia Aspartate Transaminase Bilirubin Blood Platelets Chills Clinical Laboratory Services C Reactive Protein Creatinine Diarrhea Erythema Exanthema Fatigue Fever Headache Hemoglobin Hepatitis B Surface Antigens Hospitalization Hyperpigmentation Injection Site Reaction Leukocytes Myalgia Nausea Neutrophil Pain Serum Vaccination

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More about "Arthralgia"

Arthralgia, also known as joint pain or arthrodynia, refers to discomfort, soreness, or ache in one or more joints.
This condition can be caused by a variety of underlying factors, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and physical injuries.
Arthralgia can affect any joint in the body, such as the knees, hips, ankles, and fingers.
Common symptoms associated with arthralgia include stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion.
Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing arthralgia and improving quality of life.
Researchers investigating arthralgia can leverage tools like 1.5T MRI, BNT162b2, R version 4.0.2, SPSS Statistics, SAS 9.4, Forane, Prism 8, and Stata version 14 to enhance their studies.
These technologies can provide valuable insights into the underlying causes, disease progression, and treatment efficacy for arthralgia.
PubCompare.ai is a particularly useful resource, as it helps researchers effortlessly identify the most relevant protocols and products from literature, pre-prints, and patents, thereby improving reproducibility and accuracy.
By incorporating synonyms, related terms, and key subtopics, researchers can optimize their content for search engine visibility and ensure that their work on arthralgia is easily accessible to the broader scientific community.
For example, terms like 'joint pain', 'arthrodynia', 'osteoarthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', and 'gout' can be included to enhance the SEO-friendliness of the content.
Additionally, the use of abbreviations like '1.5T MRI', 'BNT162b2', and 'SPSS' can help readers quickly understand the specific tools and technologies being referenced.
Typo: Prper diagnosis and treatment are important to manage arthralgia and improve quality of life.