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Dystonia

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, causing abnormal movements and postures.
It can affect a wide range of muscle groups, leading to disabling symptoms that impact daily life.
Dystonia is a complex condition with various subtypes and etiologies, including genetic, acquired, and idiopathic forms.
Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies are crucial for managing this disorder and improving patient outcomes.
PubComapre.ai can help researchers optimize their Dystonia studies by providing access to the most reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in their investigations.

Most cited protocols related to «Dystonia»

1
Statistical Analysis of Neuroimaging in Dystonia
Cited 7 times
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, USA). Demographic and clinical data and the values obtained from the VOI-based modeling were compared between groups using the Pearson’s χ2 test/Fisher’s exact test or the Mann–Whitney U test. Differences were considered statistically significant at <5% probability (p < 0.05) of equality. In the case of significant differences between groups, we additionally performed correction for multiple comparisons. Additionally, effect sizes were calculated using the Cohen’s d test, which were interpreted as d > 0.1: small effect; d > 0.3: medium effect; and d > 0.5: large effect (19 ).
For statistical comparison of the BPND parametric images, a two-sample t-test was performed in SPM12 (Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UK) between dystonia patients and controls. For interpretation of the results, T-maps data were interrogated at p = 0.005 (uncorrected) and only clusters with p < 0.05 corrected for family wise error were considered significant.
Correlation analysis between the BPND obtained from the VOI-based modeling and clinical characteristics was performed using the Spearman’s rho test. With multiple regression analysis, we then determined the influence of clinical variables with a p-value <0.05 in the univariate analysis on the BPND. Assumptions of the linear regression and multicollinearity were checked.
Smit M., Vállez García D., de Jong B.M., Zoons E., Booij J., Dierckx R.A., Willemsen A.T., de Vries E.F., Bartels A.L, & Tijssen M.A. (2018). Relationships between Serotonin Transporter Binding in the Raphe Nuclei, Basal Ganglia, and Hippocampus with Clinical Symptoms in Cervical Dystonia: A [11C]DASB Positron Emission Tomography Study. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 88.
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Publication 2018
Dystonia Microtubule-Associated Proteins Patients
2
Development and Validation of CCDRS for Cervical Dystonia
Cited 7 times
The methods for development of the CCDRS have been described in a prior
publication.32 Briefly,
the existing TWSTRS motor severity was revised to the TWSTRS-2 motor severity using
a modified Delphi method with input from dystonia experts. The TWSTRS–PSYCH
was developed using a similar methodology with input from psychiatrists, dystonia
experts and patients. The draft TWSTRS-2 included assessments for motor severity (12
items), pain (5 items) and disability (6 items). The TWSTRS-PSYCH included 6 items
rated on a 5-point scale from 0 (absent) to 4 (severe) for occurrence over the past
month (Figure 2). The maximal score of the
TWSTRS-PSYCH was 24. The CDIP-58 includes 58 self-administered questions that define
8 subscales and are transformed into a total score, with a maximal score of 100. The
TWSTRS-2, TWSTRS-PYSCH, and CDIP-58 then were combined into the CCDRS and used in
the data collection phase of the study along with other demographic and
disease-related measures.
Subjects with isolated CD, previously known as primary dystonia, were
recruited from 10 sites. Demographic information, including age, gender, and
duration of CD were collected. For this study, subjects were videotaped using a
standardized protocol during the time that the site investigator rated the subject
severity using the TWSTRS-2 motor severity subscale.32 Subjects were interviewed to complete the TWSTRS-2
disability and pain subscales, as well as the TWSTRS-PSYCH. The subjects completed
the self-reported CDIP-58.
There are no accepted formulae for calculating required sample sizes for
scale validation studies, particularly factor analytic methods, at given levels of
power33 . Instead,
recommended subject-to-item ratios are employed. For the present study, we have a
9.1:1 subject-to-item ratio, which exceeds the recommended 8:1 ratio shown to be
adequate for this analysis34 , 35 .
Rating scores and video were electronically sent to a central database at
Washington University, St. Louis, MO36 (link). The video and data were assessed for completeness. Queries
regarding missing data were resolved. Accuracy of the data entry was verified
through cross referencing electronic data to paper data collection forms in
10% of cases.
Comella C.L., Perlmutter J.S., Jinnah H.A., Waliczek T.A., Rosen A.R., Galpern W.R., Adler C.H., Barbano R.L., Factor S.A., Goetz C.G., Jankovic J., Reich S.G., Rodriguez R.L., Severt W.L., Zurowski M., Fox S.H, & Stebbins G.T. (2016). Clinimetric Testing of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia Rating Scale. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 31(4), 563-569.
Publication 2016
Disabled Persons Dystonia Dystonia, Primary Gender Pain Patients Psychiatrist
3
Quantifying Ouabain-Induced Dystonia in Mice
Cited 7 times
The presence and severity of ouabain-induced dystonia in mice was quantified using a modification of a previously published scale 16 (link) where 0= normal motor behavior, 1= abnormal motor behavior, no dystonic postures, 2= Mild motor impairment; dystonic-like postures when disturbed, 3= Moderate impairment; frequent spontaneous dystonic postures. 4= Severe impairment; sustained dystonic postures. As described above, the scores given by four colleagues who were blind to the treatment that each mouse had received were averaged.
Calderon D.P., Fremont R., Kraenzlin F, & Khodakhah K. (2011). The neural substrates of Rapid-Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism. Nature neuroscience, 14(3), 357-365.
Publication 2011
Blindness Dystonia Mus Ouabain
4
Irritation Assessment Using HET-CAM Assay
Cited 5 times
The irritation study was performed using hen’s egg test chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay with slight modifications [28 (link),29 (link)]. This experiment was one of the convenience and famous irritation studies since the ethical approval did not need to be applied when the age of animal’s embryo was less than half of the total incubation period. The hen eggs were obtained after fertilization from Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University. All eggs were incubated for 7 days in the hatching chamber with 37.5 ± 0.5 °C, humidity 55 ± 7%.
For preparation of the CAM, the air chamber of the egg was indicated by flooding the eggs with light. The egg shell was opened with an electric drill and the white egg membrane that appeared was removed. The samples dissolved in jojoba oil were exposed to the CAM, and the specific alterations of the membrane and its blood vessel network were examined as hemorrhage, lysis, and coagulation. The hemorrhage was observed as the bleeding out from blood vessels of the vascularized CAM. The lysis was indicated by a disappearance of small blood vessels on the CAM as a consequence either of bleeding, dystonia of these fine vessels, or real disintegration. The coagulation included either intravascular coagulation (thrombosis) or extravascular coagulation of proteins on the CAM, which normally increases the CAM opacity. The time of first occurrence of the three above-mentioned endpoints were registered within a maximum period of 5 min (300 s). From these data, an irritation index (IS) was calculated using the following equation:

where t(h) is the time (s) when the first vascular hemorrhage was detected, t(l) is the time (s) when first vascular lysis was detected, and t(c) is the time (s) when the first vascular coagulation was detected. The irritation score (IS) was then evaluated as follows: 0.0–0.9, no irritation; 1.0–4.9, mild irritation; 5.0–8.9, moderate irritation; and 9–21, severe irritation [30 (link)]. The blood vessel networks were observed again after 60 min to see the long term irritation. The pictures of the CAM were then captured under the microscope by Lumix digital camera (Panasonic, Beijing, China).
Chaiyana W., Punyoyai C., Somwongin S., Leelapornpisid P., Ingkaninan K., Waranuch N., Srivilai J., Thitipramote N., Wisuitiprot W., Schuster R., Viernstein H, & Mueller M. (2017). Inhibition of 5α-Reductase, IL-6 Secretion, and Oxidation Process of Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vaucher Extract as Functional Food and Nutraceuticals Ingredients. Nutrients, 9(10), 1105.
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Publication 2017
Animals Biological Assay Blood Vessel Coagulation, Blood Drill Dystonia Egg Shell Electricity Embryo Faculty Fertilization Fingers Hemorrhage Humidity jojoba wax Light Membrane, Chorioallantoic Microscopy Proteins Thrombosis Tissue, Membrane
5
Multisystem Atrophy and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Assessment
Cited 5 times
Prior to the start of the trial, items were selected through expert consensus as part of a broad clinical description of both MSA and PSP. The dimensions included (i) functional disability (activities of daily living), (ii) mental function (cognition, mood & behavior); (iii) extra-pyramidal motor disability (rigidity, bradykinesia), (iv) tremor, (v) oculomotor function, (vi) cerebellar signs, (vii) pyramidal signs, (viii) dysautonomia, (ix) bulbar/pseudobulbar symptoms, (x) myoclonus, and (xi) dystonia. Items were selected from the following scales available at that time, the UPDRS (all items from Mental, ADL and Motor examination sections) [13] , the PSP-RS (six items from the mental section) [17] , three items from the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) [21] (link), the global ataxia score of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS ) [22] (link), and four items evaluating orthostatic signs and three for urinary signs from the Autonomic Symptom Profile [23] (link) adapted to interview record instead of self-rating. Additional items were included to assess oculomotor signs, dystonia, myoclonus, pyramidal signs, sitting down and strength of cough.
A preliminary version of 109 items was evaluated in a pilot study to check each item and category wording. Redundant or inappropriate items were eliminated to obtain the first version comprising 85 items to be tested. Severity levels of items ranged from 0 (“normal”) to a maximum of 6 (very severe), with a majority of items (65) scored on a 5-point scale (0–4) (Supporting information S1). Four sections were interview based with patient and/or caregiver (Mental, Activities of Daily Living-ADL, orthostatic and urinary signs), eleven were assessed through examination. Time to complete the scale was 30–45 minutes depending on clinical state of patient. Throughout the study, the scale was completed in all centres using an English version.
Payan C.A., Viallet F., Landwehrmeyer B.G., Bonnet A.M., Borg M., Durif F., Lacomblez L., Bloch F., Verny M., Fermanian J., Agid Y., Ludolph A.C., Leigh P.N, & Bensimon G. (2011). Disease Severity and Progression in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Multiple System Atrophy: Validation of the NNIPPS – PARKINSON PLUS SCALE. PLoS ONE, 6(8), e22293.
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Publication 2011
Bradykinesia Cerebellar Ataxia Cerebellum Cognition Cough Disabled Persons Dysautonomia Dystonia Medulla Oblongata Mood Muscle Rigidity Myoclonus Nervous System, Autonomic Patients Respiratory Diaphragm Tremor Urine

Most recents protocols related to «Dystonia»

1
Bioenergetics, NAD, and Parkinson's Symptoms
A sample size of 30 individuals was calculated to achieve statistical significance (p < 0.05) for a 30% difference between groups, given the +/−10% error in our measurements. For this pilot study, no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Unpaired t-tests with correction for unequal variances were used for comparing NAD, ATPmax bioenergetic, and muscle function parameters between the control and PD groups. Sample sizes for the control groups vary for the physiological measurements because not all data were collected for every study or because of the exclusion of data that failed quality control tests as described in the original study [PMC6204600; PMC8282018; PMC8777576]. Sample sizes for the NAD quantitation are more limited due to the more stringent data quality limits necessary to reliably quantify NAD levels from the 31P MRS data. To ensure reliable quantitation of the NAD peaks, we limited our analyses to spectra with a Lorentzian linewidth (full width at half maximum amplitude) for the PCr peak. Deviation from Lorentzian shape and broader linewidths does not affect PCr recovery rate used to calculate ATPmax because this determination relies on changes in the relative peak area.
R was used to conduct the analysis of the correlation between PD symptoms and bioenergetic parameters. A Shapiro-Wilks test was used to determine normality. Square root transformations were completed on non-normally distributed measures. Some Simple linear regressions were conducted for predictors of Leg [NAD+], Leg ATPmax, and Hand ATPmax, outcome measures of UPDRS (parts 1–4 and total), PRO-PD total, and individual items of slowness, constipation, walking, freezing, falling, rising, daily living, motivation, depression, interest, anxiety, fatigue, daytime sleepiness, dyskinesia, tremor, balance, temperature regulation, orthostasis, visual disturbances, insomnia, REM sleep disturbances, dystonia, speech impairment, drooling, stooping posture, memory, comprehension, sense of smell, sexual dysfunction, medication side effects, urinary symptoms, hallucinations, and nausea, and PROMIS quality of life scale individual and total items.
Mischley L.K., Shankland E., Liu S.Z., Bhayana S., Fox D.J, & Marcinek D.J. (2023). ATP and NAD+ Deficiency in Parkinson’s Disease. Nutrients, 15(4), 943.
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Publication 2023
Anxiety Bioenergetics Constipation Drug Reaction, Adverse Dyskinesias Dystonia Fatigue Hallucinations Memory Motivation Muscle Tissue Nausea Orthostasis physiology Plant Roots REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Sense of Smell Sleeplessness Spectrum Analysis Speech Disorders Tremor Urine
2
Dystonia Severity Assessment Protocol
The Clinical Global Impression of severity (CGI-s) was used to score dystonia severity [24 ]. This score ranges from 1 (no dystonia) to 7 (most severe dystonia).
Coenen M.A., Eggink H., van der Stouwe A.M., Spikman J.M, & Tijssen M.A. (2023). Early Onset Dystonia: Complaints about Executive Functioning, Depression and Anxiety. Brain Sciences, 13(2), 236.
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Publication 2023
Dystonia
3
Haloperidol and Clozapine Effects on Rhesus Monkeys
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were housed in individual cages and could hear, see, and touch other monkeys in adjacent cages. Monkeys received food and water ad libitum. Monkeys were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: drug-naïve control (CTRL, n = 10; 6.0 ± 0.5 years), low dose haloperidol (LHAL, n = 10; 0.7 mg/kg b.i.d., p.o.; 6.0 ± 0.4 years), high dose haloperidol (HHAL, n = 8; 2.0 mg/kg b.i.d., p.o.; 6.2 ± 0.4 years), and clozapine (CLZ, n = 10; 2.6 mg/kg b.i.d., p.o.; 6.2 ± 0.4 years) using previously established protocols (79 (link)–82 (link)). Males and females were equally represented in each group. Antipsychotics were mixed with powdered sugar and given in peanut butter or fruit treats and administered for 6 months. Monkeys in the CTRL group received powdered sugar in peanut butter or fruit treats. Monkeys received social enrichment, human interaction, variety in diet, and age-appropriate objects. Subjects were observed a minimum of twice daily for the duration of the experiments. No overt physical signs of dystonia (abnormal posturing or repetitive movements in the back, neck, jaw, eyes, face, or tongue), drug induced parkinsonism (tremor, rigidity, poverty of movement) or tardive dyskinesias (involuntary choreoathetoid movements) were observed. The care of the animals and euthanasia procedures in this study were performed according to the National Institutes for Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at Emory University and Wake Forest University.
Hemby S.E, & McIntosh S. (2023). Chronic haloperidol administration downregulates select BDNF transcript and protein levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1054506.
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Publication 2023
Animals Animals, Laboratory Antipsychotic Agents Arachis hypogaea Butter Carbohydrates Clozapine Diet Dystonia Euthanasia Eye Face Females Food Forests Fruit Haloperidol Hearing Homo sapiens Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Involuntary Movements Macaca mulatta Males Monkeys Movement Muscle Rigidity Neck Parkinsonian Disorders Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Tardive Dyskinesia Tongue Touch Tremor
4
Sensor Measures to Characterize Dystonia and Choreoathetosis
The most prevalent sensor parameters in CP and DCP according to a recent review were execution time, mean, standard deviation (SD), and root mean square (RMS) of acceleration and angular velocity, jerk, and normalized jerk index [20 (link)]. Based on this overview and the unique characteristics of dystonia and choreoathetosis, we included mean, maximum and RMS of acceleration, and angular velocity. Maximal values of acceleration and angular velocity provide a representation of involuntary movements, whereas root-mean-square values provide information on signal variability over time. Additionally, we calculated maximal jerk for both acceleration and angular velocity. Jerk measures are hypothesized to represent the jerky, involuntary movements of choreoathetosis. Jerk is the derivative of acceleration and the second derivative of angular velocity, obtained by the following formulae: jerk (j)=dadt with a=acceleration
angular jerk ζ=d²ωd²t with ω=angular velocity
Finally, the sample entropy of acceleration and angular velocity was obtained. Sample entropy assesses the complexity of time-series data by measuring the degree of dependency of a given data point on previous data points [32 (link)] and was calculated via Lee [33 ] with the embedding dimension n = 2 and the tolerance level set to 0.2 × SD(signal).
Vanmechelen I., Bekteshi S., Haberfehlner H., Feys H., Desloovere K., Aerts J.M, & Monbaliu E. (2023). Reliability and Discriminative Validity of Wearable Sensors for the Quantification of Upper Limb Movement Disorders in Individuals with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 23(3), 1574.
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Publication 2023
Acceleration Dystonia Entropy Immune Tolerance Involuntary Movements Plant Roots
5
Fibromyalgia Cognitive and Physical Changes
G*Power software 3.1.9.4 (Kiel University, Kiel, Germany) estimated that a total sample size of eight women with FM achieves a 95% power to detect significant differences with an alpha of 0.005, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The values of oxygen extraction fraction provided by a previous study [17 (link)] (99.7 ± 2.6 vs. 107.4 ± 2.0; p-value = 0.03) were used to make this calculation. Therefore, the recruitment objective was to include the greatest number of participants until April 2021. Thus, a total of 31 women (eighteen were women with fibromyalgia and thirteen were healthy control women) were enrolled in the study. The inclusion criteria were: (a) be diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology’s criteria [31 (link)], (b) be a female, (c) be able to communicate with the research staff, (d) have read and signed the written informed consent. Participants were excluded if they: (a) had contraindications for physical exercise, (b) suffered from a neurological disorder, such as Alzheimer’s disease, other vascular dementias, Parkinson’s disease, strokes, brain and vertebral tumors, multiple sclerosis and other dystonias, (c) suffered from diabetes mellitus or (d) were pregnant.
The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of people with fibromyalgia were 51.3 (10.4) years and 31.5 (7.9) kg/m2, respectively. For healthy controls, the mean age was 40.3 (1.8) years and the mean BMI was 22.6 (3.7). All of the women with FM, excluding two women, were under pharmacological treatment (mainly antidepressants, analgesics and muscle relaxants). Healthy controls were not under any pharmacological treatment.
The convenience sample was recruited from the Lusitania family health unit in Évora (Portugal) and the University of Évora until April 2021. All procedures were conducted following the Helsinki Declaration (revised in Brazil, 2013) and approved by the university’s research ethics committee (GD/44902/2019).
Villafaina S., Tomas-Carus P., Silva V., Costa A.R., Fernandes O, & Parraca J.A. (2023). The Behavior of Muscle Oxygen Saturation, Oxy and Deoxy Hemoglobin during a Fatigue Test in Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines, 11(1), 132.
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Publication 2023
Analgesics Antidepressive Agents Brain Cerebrovascular Accident Dementia, Vascular Diabetes Mellitus Dystonia Ethics Committees, Research Females Fibromyalgia Index, Body Mass Multiple Sclerosis Muscle Tissue Neoplasms Nervous System Disorder Oxygen Pharmacotherapy Vertebra Woman

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More about "Dystonia"

Dystonia is a complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, leading to abnormal movements and postures.
This condition can affect a wide range of muscle groups, causing disabling symptoms that impact daily life.
Dystonia encompasses various subtypes and etiologies, including genetic, acquired, and idiopathic forms.
Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies are crucial for managing this disorder and improving patient outcomes.
Researchers can optimize their Dystonia studies by utilizing the reliable protocols available through platforms like PubCompare.ai.
This AI-powered tool provides access to the most reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in investigations.
Related terms and subtopics include: Neurological Disorders, Muscle Spasms, Movement Disorders, Idiopathic Dystonia, Genetic Dystonia, Acquired Dystonia, BeWo human trophoblast cells, SH-SY5Y cells, Activa RC, Penicillin/streptomycin, FBS, 3389 circumferential electrodes, Soletra, C57BL/6 mice, Discovery ST, NextSeq 500 platform.
Leveraging these insights can help researchers optimize their Dystiona studies and improve patient outcomes.