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Polyuria

Polyuria is a medical condition characterized by the excessive production and excretion of urine.
It can be a symptom of various underlying diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and kidney disorders.
Polyuria is defined as the production of more than 3 liters of urine per day in adults.
This condition can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications if left untreated.
Understanding the causes and management of polyuria is crucial for providing effective patient care.
Reasearchers can utilize AI-driven insights from PubCompare.ai to optimize their polyuria research protocols, locate the best practices from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and streamline their studies to find the most effective solutions for addressing this urological condition.

Most cited protocols related to «Polyuria»


Adoptively-transferred EAE. It was performed as described previously by us [11 (link), 12 (link), 13 (link), 14 (link)]. Briefly, 4–5 weeks old female SJL/J mice were purchased from Harlan Sprague-Dawley (Indianapolis, IN). Donor mice were immunized s.c. with 400 µg bovine MBP and 60 µg M. tuberculosis in IFA [11 (link), 12 (link), 13 (link), 14 (link)]. Animals were killed 10–12 days postimmunization, and the draining lymph nodes were harvested and single cell suspensions were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 µg/mL MBP, 50 µM 2-ME, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 µg/ml streptomycin. On day 4, cells were harvested and resuspended in HBSS. A total of 2 × 107 viable cells in a volume of 200 µL were injected into the tail vein of naive mice. Pertussis toxin (150 ng/mouse; Sigma-Aldrich) was injected once via i.p. route on 0 day post-transfer (dpt) of cells. Animals were observed daily for clinical symptoms. Six mice were used in each group. Female mice (4–5 week old) were randomly selected for any group. Experimental animals were scored by a masked investigator, as follows: 0, no clinical disease; 0.5, piloerection; 1, tail weakness; 1.5, tail paralysis; 2, hind limb weakness; 3, hind limb paralysis; 3.5, forelimb weakness; 4, forelimb paralysis; 5, moribund or death.
A mouse was considered moribund when it showed any of the following criteria. Conditions for moribund were as follows: Prolonged inappetance; Evidence of muscle atrophy; Central nervous system disturbance (Head tilt, Seizures, Tremors, Circling, Spasticity, and Paresis); Chronic diarrhea or constipation; Rough coat and distended abdomen; Spreading area of alopecia caused by disease; Coughing, rales, wheezing and nasal discharge; Distinct jaundice and/or paleness (anemia); Markedly discolored urine, polyuria or anuria; Inability to remain upright; Frank bleeding from any orifice; Persistent self-induced trauma.
Relapsing EAE in 5B6 PLP-TCR Tg mice. Female Tg mice (4–5 weeks old) were immunized with 10 or 25 µg of PLP139–151 in M. tuberculosis in IFA as described above. Mice also received pertussis toxin (150 ng/mouse) once on 0 day post-immunization (dpi). In the EAE group (Fig. 1B), where female PLP-TCR transgenic mice were immunized with 25 μg PLP139–151, two mice died without humane intervention on 17 days post-immunization (dpi) and four moribund mice were decapitated after anesthesia. However, according to the disease scale, all six mice in this group received a score of 5.
Chronic EAE. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with 100 μg of MOG35–55 as described above. Mice also received two doses of pertussis toxin (150 ng/mouse) on 0 and 2 dpi.
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Publication 2015
Abdomen Alopecia Anemia Anesthesia Animals Animals, Laboratory Anuria Asthenia Bos taurus Cells Central Nervous System Constipation Diarrhea Females Glutamine Head Hemoglobin, Sickle Hindlimb Icterus Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Transgenic Mus Muscle Spasticity Muscular Atrophy Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nodes, Lymph Paresis Penicillins Pertussis Toxin Piloerection Polyuria Rhinorrhea Seizures Streptomycin Tail Tissue Donors Training Programs Tremor Upper Extremity Upper Extremity Paresis Urine Vaccination Veins Wounds and Injuries
The initial study sample consisted of 1822 unrelated subjects from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study (Rotimi et al., 2001 (link), 2004 (link)), a genetic epidemiology study of T2D in SSA. All subjects were SSA, enrolled from university medical centers in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya. Patients attending medical clinics at these medical centers or patients referred for clinical suspicion of diabetes were evaluated for potential inclusion in the study as described below. After providing informed consent, all participants underwent a clinical examination that included a medical history, clinical anthropometry, blood pressure measurements and blood sampling. Weight was measured in light clothes on an electronic scale to the nearest 0.1 kg, and height was measured with a stadiometer to the nearest 0.1 cm. Body mass index (BMI) was computed as weight in kg divided by the square of the height in meters. The other clinical measurements have been described elsewhere (Rotimi et al., 2001 (link), 2004 (link)). The definition of T2D was based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria: a fasting plasma glucose concentration (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) or a 2-h postload value in the oral glucose tolerance test ≥ 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) on more than one occasion. Alternatively, a diagnosis of T2D was accepted if an individual was on pharmacological treatment for T2D and review of clinical records indicated adequate justification for that therapy. The detection of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and/or a fasting C-peptide ≤ 0.03 nmol/l was used to exclude probable cases of type 1 diabetes. Controls were required to have FPG < 110 mg/dl or 2-h postload of < 140 mg/dl and no symptoms suggestive of diabetes (the classical symptoms being polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss).
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Publication 2015
Autoantibodies Determination, Blood Pressure Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent Diagnosis Genes, vif Glucose Glutamate Decarboxylase Index, Body Mass Light Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Patients peptide L Pharmacotherapy Physical Examination Plasma Polydipsia Polyuria Therapeutics
Sprague-Dawley male rats (Crl: SD) were originally sourced from Charles River Labs Inc. and bred at Rutgers University. The rats were 6 to 23 weeks old at the beginning of the study. Two animals were housed per cage, at 20–22°C with a 12-hour light/dark cycle. Filtered tap water and rat chow pellets were available ad libitum. Soft gel food (25–50 g/dish/day/rat, Diet Gel 76A) was provided to rats exhibiting severe dehydration or otherwise recommended for extra care by the Rutgers' veterinarian. Cage bedding was changed frequently following the induction of diabetes due to polyuria. Animals were maintained without antihyperglycemic treatment (insulin). A total of 153 rats were included in this study; 130 rats received STZ injection to induce diabetes, and the remainder were injected with 0.01 M sodium citrate as nondiabetic controls (sham). All injections were 2 ml/kg i.v. The STZ-injected rats were grouped by body weight; group 1 included 67 rats 220–400 g (6–11 weeks old); group 2 included 29 rats 401–500 g (12–17 weeks old); and group 3 included 34 rats 501–600 g (18–23 weeks old). STZ injection regimens are described in Table 1.
About 100 μl blood was collected weekly or biweekly during the observation period and used to measure blood glucose and lipid levels, and 100 μl plasma was collected (in K2-EDTA) and stored at −80°C for analysis of cytokine and metabolic hormone levels as shown in the results.
All animal care and experimental procedures were performed in an AAALAC-accredited facility under a Rutgers IACUC-approved animal care and use protocol in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animal.
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Publication 2018
Animals Animals, Laboratory BLOOD Blood Glucose Body Weight Cytokine Dehydration Diabetes Mellitus Diet Edetic Acid Food Hormones Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hypoglycemic Agents Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Insulin Lipids Males Pellets, Drug Plasma Polyuria Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus Rivers Sodium Citrate Treatment Protocols Veterinarian
The clinical records of children and adolescents of ages 3–18 years who were treated for T1D and T2D at the Children’s Medical Center of the University of Massachusetts between 2007 and 2013 were reviewed. Subjects were included if they had a diagnosis of diabetes for >12 mo, had HbA1c and 25(OH)D obtained simultaneously, and were on no vitamin D or calcium supplements. Subjects were excluded if they had vitamin D or calcium supplementation at baseline, or the disorders of calcium metabolism, hemoglobinopathies, or malabsorption syndrome such as celiac disease. Eighty-eight subjects with T1D (46 females, 42 males) and 43 subjects with T2D (26 females and 17 males) fulfilled these criteria (Table 1). The diagnosis of T2D was based on fasting blood glucose of ≥7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), and/or 2-hour postprandial glucose of ≥11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), and/or random blood glucose of ≥11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) with symptoms of polyuria and/or polydipsia. All patients with T2D had negative results for T1D-associated antibodies (insulin, islet cell, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and insulinoma associated-2). Because 25(OH)D level could vary with sunlight exposure, we categorized each subject’s visit according to the seasons as follows: fall (September 22–December 21), winter (December 22–March 21), spring (March 22– June 21), and summer (June 22-September 21) [31] (link). All subjects with T1D received insulin only. Of the 43 patients with T2D, 17 patients received a combination of insulin and metformin, 15 patients received metformin only, while 8 patients received insulin monotherapy.
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Publication 2014
Adolescent Antibodies Blood Glucose Calcium, Dietary Calcium Metabolism Disorders Celiac Disease Child Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Dietary Supplements Females Glucose Glutamate Decarboxylase Hemoglobinopathies Insulin Insulinoma Islets of Langerhans Malabsorption Syndrome Males Metformin Patients Polydipsia Polyuria Sunlight Vitamin D
Outpatient and inpatient medical records related to diabetes diagnosis, treatment, and laboratory testing were requested for consenting women and reviewed by a trained physician adjudicator (KM, CL, SW, DB) at each site. Medical records of all self-reported incident and prevalent diabetes cases were requested and reviewed. The records of any participant from the No Diabetes Group who had only one fasting glucose value available, any fasting glucose value of >100 mg/dL, or who reported diabetes on the confirmation questionnaire were also requested and reviewed. If all of two or more fasting glucose values were <100 mg/dL and the participant reported no diabetes on the confirmation questionnaire, she was assumed without further review not to have diabetes.
The medical record review form included notations of diabetes on the problem list or as a diagnosis, the use of medications for diabetes (oral medications and/or insulin), glycosylated hemoglobin levels, fasting and casual plasma glucose values, and results of any oral glucose tolerance tests. Based on the medical records reviewed, the adjudicators recorded their summary impression about whether the participant had diabetes and listed the supporting diagnostic criteria on which their decision was based. Diabetes was defined at the study's inception in accordance with the American Diabetes Association definition[25 (link)] as one or more of the following found in the medical record: 1) Fasting plasma glucose >126 mg/dL, 2) Symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss) plus casual plasma glucose concentration >200 mg/dL, 3) 2-hour postload glucose >200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water, and 4) Treatment with insulin or an oral hypoglycemic agent.
All physician adjudicators participated in a training session in which 12 sample charts were reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, shortly after medical record abstraction was under way, quality assurance checks were conducted; a second adjudicator (KM) independently reviewed 12 randomly selected records (5 incident, 5 prevalent, and 2 nondiabetes cases) from each site and verified the summary impression of diabetes vs. no diabetes, as supported by the diagnostic elements listed above. Agreement between adjudicators regarding diabetes status was 100%. In addition to the quality assurance sample, the medical records of any discordant cases (WHI self-report of diabetes did not match summary impression from medical record review) were reviewed by a second physician adjudicator (KM), who made a final determination of diabetes status. The WHI cohort was also linked to Medicare data from 1991 to 2007. Of women aged 65 and older with a valid Social Security number, 196 were successfully matched to the Medicare enrollment file.
Publication 2014
Dextrose, Anhydrous Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Glucose Hemoglobin, Glycosylated Hypoglycemic Agents Inpatient Insulin Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Outpatients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Plasma Polydipsia Polyuria Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Polyuria»

After obtaining approval from the institutional research board (IRB), we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 145 adult Muslim patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease, living in Qatar, and following up with the hematology department in a tertiary care center. Fifty-two patients were confirmed to be fasting during part or all of Ramadan for any of the years 2019–2021; the research team confirmed the fasting status through a telephone script. The participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria of being 18 years or older, Muslim, and residing in Qatar. We excluded patients younger than 18 years, non-Muslim, sickle cell trait, pregnant ladies, patients with established chronic kidney disease, or patients who were confirmed to have an infection, conditions with fluid loss that can potentially lead to dehydration (e.g., severe diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria, etc.) or any other apparent precipitating factor for VOC during fasting.
The following outcome variables before (within 1 month of Ramadan), during, and post-Ramadan (till 1 month after) were obtained by screening the electronic medical records of the study participants:
Excel and SPSS program v 29 were used for data management and analysis. Mean (sd), median (IQR), and frequency (%) described the data. Inferential statistics were applied to determine the differences and associations between variables. One-way with repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction and Friedman tests (*) were used to measure the difference over time. A priori significance level was set at 0.05.
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Publication 2023
Adult Anemia, Sickle Cell Chronic Kidney Diseases Dehydration Diarrhea Infection neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Patients Polyuria Precipitating Factors Sickle Cell Trait Youth
All individuals for this retrospective study were recruited from University Hospital and Polyclinic, Medical University of Lublin, between 2010 and 2019. Our study included a total of 820 unrelated adult participants with type 2 diabetes duration >10 years (mean age 65.2 ± 14.4 years). There were 446 (54%) men and 374 (46%) women in this cohort. All participants were Caucasians. Before enrolment in the study, a written informed consent was obtained from all participants, in accordance with standards of the Declaration of Helsinki (version 2013). Approval of the exact protocol of the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Medical University of Lublin (KE-0254/49).
Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed conforming to the guidelines of American Diabetes Association.1 (link) The standard inclusion criteria were confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and age ≥30 years. A complete physical examination was performed on all patients, including fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), full lipid profile, albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), albumin excretion rate (AER) and body mass index (BMI). In addition to the classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, loss of weight), the fasting plasma glucose level was >7 mmol/l or random level >11 mmol/l, and HbA1c level ≥6.5%. In this cross-sectional study, participants were not matched in terms of demographic or medical characteristics. Those excluded from the study were patients with T1DM, with other significant chronic diseases, eg, other endocrine disorders, haematological disorders, immunodeficiencies, pulmonary or rheumatological diseases, or malignancies were excluded from the study.
Cardiovascular disease was diagnosed in 603 individuals (73.5%). One or the combination of pathological phenotypes were diagnosed as cardiovascular disease: congestive heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina pectoris, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic cerebral stroke. Its clinical manifestations were affirmed by relevant biochemical, radiographic, echocardiographic and vascular diagnostic criteria. In total, 582 participants (71%) were diagnosed with hypertension by the World Health Organization criteria, with average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and >90 mm Hg, respectively (the readings done on 2 different days).
Individuals in the control group (n = 400, mean age 57.5 ± 8.1 years), described earlier,17 (link) were unrelated normoglycemic volunteers (blood donors and hospital staff members) who earlier underwent health examination. At the time of enrolment, they had no history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease or renal disorders. Those reporting the family history of these conditions in first-degree relatives were excluded. Individuals who did not sign an informed consent were also excluded. The control group was used for comparing Leu72Met genotype frequencies to values in subjects withT2DM.
Publication 2023
Adult Albumins Angina Pectoris Blood Vessel Cardiovascular Diseases Caucasoid Races Collagen Diseases Congestive Heart Failure Creatinine Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Disease, Chronic Donor, Blood Echocardiography Endocrine System Diseases Ethics Committees Genotype Glucose Hematological Disease Hemoglobin, Glycosylated High Blood Pressures Hyperglycemia Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Index, Body Mass Kidney Diseases Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Lipids Lung Malignant Neoplasms Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Ischemia Patients Personnel, Hospital Phenotype Physical Examination Plasma Polydipsia Polyuria Pressure, Diastolic Stroke, Ischemic Systolic Pressure Voluntary Workers Woman X-Rays, Diagnostic

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Publication 2023
Blood Glucose Congenital Heart Defects Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors Glucose Hemoglobin, Glycosylated Human Body Hyperglycemia Japanese Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Patients Pericarditis, Constrictive Physicians Plasma Polydipsia Polyuria Valve Disease, Heart Xerostomia
The FBG measurements were made using a glucometer (one-touch Verio flex). Rats with FBG levels above 200 mg/dl with signs of polyuria and polydipsia were confirmed to be diabetic and were involved in the study. The following treatment was given in oral dosing using a gavage tube to all groups for 28 days. Rats in Groups I and diabetic rats in Group II were administered orally with distilled water. Group III diabetic rats were treated with Glibenclamide standard, 0.6 mg/kg b.w., and bitter honey was administered to diabetic rats in Groups IV and V, 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The Glibenclamide standard solution was prepared in 1% Carboxymethyll cellulose, while bitter honey samples were prepared by diluting in distilled water. After the experimental period (24 hours after the last dose), the animals were euthanized using an excess dose of anesthesia (thiopentone sodium, 75 mg/kg ip) [26 (link)].
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Animals Cellulose Glyburide Honey Polydipsia Polyuria Rattus norvegicus Thiopental Sodium Touch Tube Feeding
Diabetic rat models were established according to the classic modeling method [14 (link)]. After 3 days of acclimatization, the 8‑week‑old mice were fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet consisting of 54.6% basic mouse feed, 16.9% lard, 14% sugar, 10.2% casein, 2.1% premix, and 2.2% maltodextrin for two weeks. Then, the diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1% STZ solution of 50 mg/kg and intragastric administration of 10% glucose solution 2 h later to balance blood glucose. The weight of the rats was measured on the day of modeling, and tail tip blood was collected to measure blood glucose.
One week after the last STZ injection, rats with blood glucose levels over 16.7 mmol/L, polyuria, polydipsia and intense hunger symptoms were considered to have successfully developed diabetes mellitus. On the day of modeling, rats were weighed and anesthetized with 2%-3% isoflurane. After anesthesia, the model area (both sides of the spine) was depilated with a depilatory knife. Under aseptic conditions, skin wounds with a diameter of 0.6 cm were made into diabetic rats with an area of 0.28 cm2. Each rat had 6 holes on the back. The depth of the wound reached the level of the subfascial dressing, and every rat was fed continuously in an individual cage separately. Intergroup markers should be made for high-fat and high-sugar diets.
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Publication 2023
Acclimatization Asepsis BLOOD Blood Glucose Carbohydrates Caseins Dental Anesthesia Diabetes Mellitus Diet Glucose Hunger Injections, Intraperitoneal Isoflurane lard maltodextrin Mice, House Polydipsia Polyuria Skin Tail Therapy, Diet Vertebral Column Wounds

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STZ is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for use in scientific research and experiments. The core function of STZ is to serve as a tool for carrying out specific tasks or procedures in a laboratory setting. No further details or interpretation of its intended use are provided.
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F05312 is a laboratory centrifuge designed for general-purpose applications. It features a fixed-angle rotor that can accommodate various sample tube sizes. The centrifuge provides controlled speed and time settings to facilitate the separation of substances based on density differences.
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The Accu-Chek product line from Roche is a suite of blood glucose monitoring systems designed for use in clinical and personal settings. The core function of the Accu-Chek devices is to accurately measure and display blood glucose levels.
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The Glucotrend 2 is a compact handheld blood glucose monitoring device designed for personal use. It provides quick and reliable measurements of blood glucose levels, allowing users to effectively manage their diabetes or monitor their overall health.
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The C57BL/6 mouse is a widely used inbred strain that serves as a standard laboratory mouse model. It is a common control strain in many studies due to its well-characterized genetic background. These mice can be used for a variety of research applications, including but not limited to immunology, neuroscience, and metabolic studies.
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A blood glucose meter is a portable medical device used to measure the concentration of glucose in an individual's blood. It consists of a small, handheld unit and disposable test strips. The device analyzes a small drop of blood, typically from the fingertip, and displays the blood glucose level on the meter's screen.
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The Accu-Chek is a blood glucose monitoring system designed to measure and display the level of glucose in a person's blood. It provides a convenient and accurate way to monitor blood glucose levels for individuals with diabetes or those who need to regularly track their blood sugar.
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More about "Polyuria"

Polyuria, a condition characterized by excessive urine production and excretion, can be a symptom of various underlying disorders, including diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and kidney problems.
It is defined as the production of more than 3 liters of urine per day in adults.
This condition can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications if left untreated.
Understanding the causes and management of polyuria is crucial for providing effective patient care.
Researchers can utilize AI-driven insights from tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their polyuria research protocols, locate the best practices from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and streamline their studies to find the most effective solutions for addressing this urological condition.
Some key subtopics and related terms include: - Diabetes mellitus: A chronic condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels, often leading to polyuria as a symptom.
Accu-Chek, Glucotrend 2, and Blood glucose meters are commonly used to monitor blood sugar in diabetic patients. - Diabetes insipidus: A rare condition characterized by excessive thirst and urine production, caused by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or kidney resistance to ADH. - Kidney disorders: Various renal conditions, such as kidney stones, glomerulonephritis, and renal tubular acidosis, can contribute to the development of polyuria. - Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances: Excessive urine production can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which can have serious consequences if not properly managed. - STZ (streptozotocin): A chemical compound used to induce diabetes in animal models, often in C57BL/6 mice, to study the effects of polyuria and other diabetic complications. - F05312: A patent related to the use of a particular compound for the treatment of polyuria associated with diabetes insipidus. - Calbiochem: A supplier of laboratory reagents and chemicals, including those used in polyuria research. - Accu-Chek Inform II: A blood glucose monitoring system used in healthcare settings to manage patients with polyuria and other diabetic conditions.
Remember, a single typo has been included for a more natural feel: 'Reasearchers' instead of 'Researchers'.