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Recovery of Function

Recovery of Function refers to the restoration or regaining of normal function and capabilities following injury, illness, or disease.
This term encompasses the physiological, neurological, and psychological processes involved in the recovery and rehabilitation of individuals with impairments or disabilities.
It includes the use of various therapeutic interventions, assistive technologies, and adaptive strategies to help patients regain independence, improve quality of life, and reintegrate into their communities.
The goal of Recovery of Function is to enable individuals to achieve their maximal level of functioning and participation in daily activities.
Reserach in this area aims to develop effective protocols and interventions that can optimize functional recovery and minimize long-term disability.

Most cited protocols related to «Recovery of Function»

1
Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery Outcomes
Cited 70 times
Primary and secondary outcomes will be cross-checked with data from primary sources and a blinded adjudication committee (blinded for treatment allocation) will check them against the definitions, which were established before the start of this trial. Categorical variables will be compared using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate, and values will be expressed as proportions with corresponding risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The distribution of continuous variables will be determined using visual inspection and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. For comparison of normally distributed continuous variables the independent-samples t-test will be used and values will be expressed as means with standard deviations. Continuous non-normally distributed variables will be compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and values will be expressed as medians with interquartile ranges.
The primary endpoint is a time-to-event endpoint. However, considering that (a) the duration of recovery will most probably be censored in only 4% of patients at a maximum and that (b) taking the full length of the postoperative observation period as a proxy estimate for the time to recovery in these outlying patients will hardly affect the comparison of the study groups because of the non-parametric testing strategy with the Mann–Whitney U test and, finally, that (c) a power of 80% for a Kaplan–Meier analysis as its best alternative can only be achieved at the cost of a much higher and infeasible patient inclusion rate, we will analyze the data as if no censoring takes place. Additionally, the percentage of patients per study arm who do not recover during the observation period will be reported as a secondary outcome measure.
A difference with a two-tailed P-value < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. A multivariable linear regression model will be used to assess potential differences in primary outcome between groups in the presence of potentially confounding factors. Linear mixed modeling will be applied to estimate differences between groups in successive EQ-5D-5 L and QLQ-C30 assessments over time. For exploratory purposes, a secondary analysis will be performed, comparing outcomes for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma versus other disease, comparing completed minimally invasive (i.e. no conversion) versus open pancreatoduodenectomy and comparing time to functional recovery between minimally invasive and open pancreatoduodenectomy in complicated (Clavien–Dindo grade III or higher complication) and uncomplicated cases and for the impact of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy. A non-inferiority analysis will be performed for Clavien–Dindo grade III or higher complications. The study has an 80% power (α = 0.05) to confirm non-inferiority of minimally invasive versus open pancreatoduodenectomy, when 15% fewer patients experience a clinically relevant complication in the intervention group than the control group (non-inferiority margin set at 8%). In the intervention group, robot-assisted procedures may be performed. The amount of robot-assisted procedures is expected to be less than 20%; these will be analyzed separately during cost-analysis.
de Rooij T., van Hilst J., Bosscha K., Dijkgraaf M.G., Gerhards M.F., Groot Koerkamp B., Hagendoorn J., de Hingh I.H., Karsten T.M., Lips D.J., Luyer M.D., Molenaar I.Q., van Santvoort H.C., Tran T.C., Busch O.R., Festen S, & Besselink M.G. (2018). Minimally invasive versus open pancreatoduodenectomy (LEOPARD-2): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 19, 1.
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Publication 2018
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Laparoscopy Pancreaticoduodenectomy Patients Recovery of Function
2
Evaluating Spinal Cord Injury Severity
Cited 15 times
In order to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of the BBB scale14 (link), we compared and correlated the average values of the scores assigned by six independent evaluators to the locomotor capacity functional recovery of 30 male Wistar rats 28 days after laminectomy and induced spinal cord injury (of degree mild, moderate or severe). Images of the movement of each animal were detected simultaneously by three digital cameras and subsequently reviewed by the evaluators, who were blinded to the severity of the injuries.
The experimental model we adopted to induce spinal cord injuries was first developed by MASCIS; our version, standardized for Wistar rats15 , consisted of the following stages:
BBB SCALE
O -No observable movement of the hindlimbs.
de Barros Filho T.E, & Molina A.E. (2008). Analysis of The Sensitivity and Reproducibility Of The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) Scale in Wistar Rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 63(1), 103-108.
Publication 2008
Animals Fingers Hindlimb Hypersensitivity Injuries Laminectomy Males Movement Rats, Wistar Recovery of Function Spinal Cord Injuries
3
Criteria for Functional Recovery Assessment
Cited 9 times
The primary outcome measure is time to functional recovery (days), which will be daily assessed by the nurses and ward physicians, and cross-checked by the trial coordinators. Functional recovery is reached when all of the following criteria are met [14 (link)]:

Adequate pain control with oral analgesia only

Restoration of mobility to an independent level (or to preoperative level if previously impaired)

Ability to maintain sufficient caloric intake (minimum of 50% required calories)

Absence of intravenous fluid administration

No signs of active abdominal infection (In the case of suspected or known abdominal infection this item is met when the patient has no fever, and serum C-reactive protein concentration is decreasing and below 150 mg/L.)

de Rooij T., van Hilst J., Bosscha K., Dijkgraaf M.G., Gerhards M.F., Groot Koerkamp B., Hagendoorn J., de Hingh I.H., Karsten T.M., Lips D.J., Luyer M.D., Molenaar I.Q., van Santvoort H.C., Tran T.C., Busch O.R., Festen S, & Besselink M.G. (2018). Minimally invasive versus open pancreatoduodenectomy (LEOPARD-2): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 19, 1.
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Publication 2018
Fever Intraabdominal Infections Management, Pain Nurses Patients Physicians Range of Motion, Articular Recovery of Function Serum Proteins
4
PET Phantom Imaging Protocol for 90Y Quantification
Cited 9 times
Data were acquired on a variety of PET scanners (Table 1) from the major vendors, with a number of different reconstructions from systems equipped both with and without time of flight (ToF) and resolution recovery (RR). Each site followed an identical experimental protocol utilizing the NEMA 2007/IEC 2008 PET Body Phantom (Data Spectrum Corporation, NC), with a volume of about 10 L containing a “cold” (nonradioactive) solid insert (diameter 51 mm) and six fillable spheres of various diameters (∅ 10, 13, 17, 22, 28 and 37 mm) filled to an approximate eight-to-one sphere-to-background ratio with 90Y-chloride (YCl3) provided in a constant specific activity (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA).

The scanners contributing data to the study according to vendor and model (all scanners equipped with standard reconstruction corrections for attenuation, scatter and random events)

VendorModelCrystal materialAdditional correctionsNumber of scannersNumber of reconstructions
GE HealthcareDiscovery 690, 710LYSOToF, RR921
Discovery 600, Discovery ST (E)BGOWith or without RR916
Discovery RXLYSO–37
PhilipsGemini TFLYSOToF, RR99
SiemensBiograph mCTLSOToF, RR19a28
Biograph (various)LSOWith or without RR1928

ToF’ time-of-flight, RR’ resolution recovery (point spread function recovery)

aIncluding two systems with the new continuous bed motion technology

Each site was required to measure the phantom volume and the delivered 90Y solution in the departmental dose calibrator for comparison with the shipping certificate. The entire delivery vial was added to a volume of 1,300 ml, and this solution was used to fill the phantom spheres, before the reminder of solution was added to the background compartment, with the addition of EDTA/DTPA to the contents to prevent the YCl3 sticking to the phantom walls. This allowed an eight-to-one sphere-to-background ratio, in keeping with the NEMA NU 2-2007 [24 ] image quality guidelines, and was thought to require minimal phantom manipulation and activity handling at sites. Residual in the vial was estimated through re-measuring the vial in the dose calibrator after reconstitution to the initial volume with water. Residual in the needle and syringe was taken as negligible.
Willowson K.P., Tapner M, & Bailey D.L. (2015). A multicentre comparison of quantitative 90Y PET/CT for dosimetric purposes after radioembolization with resin microspheres: The QUEST Phantom Study. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 42(8), 1202-1222.
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Publication 2015
Chlorides Cold Temperature Edetic Acid Human Body Needles Obstetric Delivery Pentetic Acid Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Recovery of Function Syringes yttrium chloride
5
Incidence and Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired AKI
Cited 8 times
We reported the incidence of hospital AKI in those with and without baseline decreased kidney function. Due to cohort sampling, those with normal baseline function and no AKI were under-represented. This means that the incidence of AKI among those admitted with normal baseline function cannot be taken directly from the data presented in Table 1 because this would overestimate its occurrence. Therefore, the incidence of AKI was calculated directly for those with baseline decreased kidney function and estimated by multiplying out the sampled fraction for those with normal baseline function. We described overall characteristics and outcomes stratified by baseline kidney function, AKI severity stage, and history of prior AKI episodes. We compared patient recovery of kidney function status at 7 and 90 days, including the proportion of patients who improved, deteriorated, and died. We reported crude mortality and long-term RRT and plotted 10-year mortality by AKI stage using 1 − Kaplan-Meier curves. We assessed mortality in intervals of 0 to 30 days, 31 to 90 days, 91 to 182 days, 183 to 364 days, 1 to less than 3 years, and 3 to 5 years. Within each interval, we computed mortality rates by AKI stage stratified by baseline eGFR group. Using Poisson regression, we calculated age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate ratios (RRs) within each period by AKI stage and prior AKI episodes. We then determined long-term (1-10 years) mortality among those alive at 1 year using multivariable Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, and covariates of interest. Based on previous literature, we included an interaction term between baseline eGFR and AKI on mortality.11 , 32 (link) In a series of sensitivity analyses, we also calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for intermediate outcomes (30-364 days), and when analysis was restricted to those younger than 75 years, to patients with AKI without complete recovery to baseline, and those who also had prior AKI episodes. All analyses were conducted using Stata/SE 13.0 (StataCorp LP).
Sawhney S., Marks A., Fluck N., Levin A., Prescott G, & Black C. (2017). Intermediate and Long-term Outcomes of Survivors of Acute Kidney Injury Episodes: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 69(1), 18-28.
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Publication 2017
EGFR protein, human Hypersensitivity Kidney Patients Recovery of Function Youth

Most recents protocols related to «Recovery of Function»

1
Improved Motor Function After oNPC Transplantation
Not available on PMC !

Example 12

Improvement of Motor Function without Allodynia After oNPC Transplantation

Rats received cell transplantation 2 weeks (subacute phase of injury) or 8 weeks (Chronic) following SCI. Cells were dissociated into a single-cell suspension by using Accutase [or Trypsin, or papaein] at a concentration of 5×104 cells/μl to 20×104 cells/μl in neural expansion medium, and were transplanted (2 μl) bilaterally at 4 positions caudal and rostral to the lesion epicenter, bilateral to the midline. Injections sites were situated approximately 2 mm from the midline and entered 1 mm deep into the cord. Intraparenchymal cell transplantation requires slow injections and gradual needle withdrawal to ensure cells do not reflux out of the needle tract. When inserting the needle, the entire bevel should be below the pia mater to ensure injection into the cord. When removing the needle, additional time may be required if reflux is seen. This can be modified as required.

Locomotor coordination and trunk stability using the BBB open-field locomotion scale was evaluated. BBB scores showed significantly improved functional recovery after SCI in the oNPC group compared to the vehicle group (week 7-9; p<0.05) (FIG. 14A). Further, a gait analysis using the CatWalk Digital Gait Analysis system (Noldus Inc.; FIG. 14B) was conducted. Gait analysis revealed that oNPC transplanted rats had significantly better recovery in terms of stride length and swing speed relative to the vehicle and control unpatterned-NPC group (FIGS. 14C and D). To determine whether sensory impairments occurred following cell transplantation, the tail-flick test was used to measure thermal allodynia. Notably, no significant difference was found between groups, suggesting that the transplanted cells did not contribute to post-injury sensory dysfunction (FIG. 14E).

US11859206B2. Generation of oligodendrogenic neural progenitor cells (2024-01-02). UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK [CA]. Inventors: Michael George Fehlings [CA], Mohamad Khazaei [CA].
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Patent 2024
accutase Allodynia Cells Cell Transplantation Cell Transplants Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2 Gait Analysis Hyperalgesia, Thermal Injuries Locomotion Motor Neurons Needles Neurons Pia Mater Rattus norvegicus Recovery of Function Tail Transplantation Trypsin Vascular Access Ports Vision
2
Diagnosis and Management of Anal Fistula
The diagnosis of anal fistula is based on the German S3 guidelines: anal abscess and fistula (23 (link)). All patients were diagnosed with anal fistula by anal finger examination, anoscope examination, radiographic examination (including rectal endoluminal ultrasound, pelvic CT, or MRI), or intraoperative probe/methylene blue staining, and the number of internal orifices was counted by these techniques. The diagnostic criteria for T2DM were based on the latest Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of T2DM set by the Chinese Diabetes Society (24 (link), 25 (link)). And the diagnosis was assigned by an endocrinologist. Relevant data were collected on the cases, including demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory and ancillary tests at admission, anal fistula-related information (e.g., previous surgical history, anal fistula types, number of internal orifices, etc.), pre- and post-surgical treatments, and surgical modalities. Non-healing (refractory) group refers to trauma that cannot be repaired in time with conventional therapy or wounds that can not achieve functional recovery and anatomical integrity (26 (link)). The last routine dressing change time in the outpatient clinic was collected as the outcome indicator. Judged by the specialist anorectologist and the definition of the relevant literature, patients were divided into the non-healing (refractory) group or healing group according to whether its recovery period is longer than 35 days (27 (link)–29 (link)).
Among the underlying diseases, hypertensive disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases are listed independently. Chronic cardiovascular diseases included coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and lacunar cerebral infarction. Chronic lung diseases included tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic pulmonary heart disease. Chronic liver diseases included chronic viral hepatitis B, cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic hemangioma, etc.
Tang X., He T., Li X., Liu Y., Wu Y., You G., Li J., Yun Y., Wu L., Li L, & Kang J. (2023). Clinical features and independent predictors of postoperative refractory trauma to anal fistula combined with T2DM: A propensity score-matched analysis-retrospective cohort study. Frontiers in Surgery, 10, 1119113.
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Publication 2023
Abscess Anal Fistula Anus Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Chinese Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Coronary Arteriosclerosis Cor Pulmonale Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Disease, Chronic Endocrinologists Fingers Fistula Heart Hemangioma Hepatitis B, Chronic High Blood Pressures Hospital Admission Tests Liver Liver Cirrhosis Liver Diseases Lung Lung Diseases Methylene Blue Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pelvis Recovery of Function Rectum Stroke, Lacunar Therapeutics Tuberculosis Ultrasonics Wounds Wounds and Injuries X-Rays, Diagnostic
3
Assessing Knee Function after Intrapatella Fracture
Patient baseline data, including sex, age, fracture side, and body mass index (BMI), were extracted from the hospital database. The operation time was defined as the time from the moment of incision to the time of incision closure. Radiation exposure was assessed by the radiation dose gathered from the C-arm fluoroscopy machine (GE Healthcare, USA) postoperatively. Full weight-bearing time was defined as the time when patients could walk without any assistive device or only with a walking stick to maintain balance postoperatively.
All patients were followed for at least 6 months. A Bostman score [15 (link)] and extension lag versus the contralateral healthy leg were employed to assess the postoperative knee function of the IPFP patients at 6 months postoperatively. A Bostman score of 28 or higher was considered excellent in regard to the functional recovery of the knee, 20–27 was considered good, and less than 20 was considered poor. The Insall–Salvati ratio [16 (link)] was assessed on the immediate postoperative radiograph. The radiograph outcomes were evaluated by anteroposterior and lateral radiographs at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.
Li S.J., Tiwari S.R., Chang S.M., Du S.C, & Zhang Y.Q. (2023). Separate vertical wiring plus bilateral anchor girdle suturing fixation for the fractures of the inferior pole of the patella. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 176.
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Publication 2023
Canes Fluoroscopy Fracture, Bone Index, Body Mass Knee Patients Radiation Exposure Radiotherapy Recovery of Function Self-Help Devices X-Rays, Diagnostic
4
Tibial Segmental Defect Treatment Comparison
Cited 1 time
The institutional review board (IRB) approval has been obtained from the ethics committee of Xi’an Hong Hui hospital. A written informed consent has been gotten from patients or their families. All methods were carried out based on relevant guidelines and regulations. Fifty cases with tibial segmental defects were collected from June 2011 to June 2019 in our institution. Twenty-nine patients were treated using PBT technique (the PBT group) while 21 cases were managed by DBT technique (the DBT group). Each patient was selected according to the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria encompassed the following points: (1) Patients over 18 years; (2) Patients were diagnosed with bone defects in the middle third of the tibia; (3) Patients with tibial defects longer than five centimeters; (4) Patients were treated by Ilizarov annular bone transport technique; (5) Patients with complete medical records. The exclusion criteria included five points: (1) Patients younger than 18 years; (2) Patients with major comorbidities and were unable to tolerate anaesthesia or surgery; (3) Patients were managed by other methods, not bone transport; (4) Patients with final amputation; (5) Patients with incomplete medical records or lost patients.
Based on each medical record in our institution, basic data of all patients were collected, including age, sex, bone loss, etiology, Gustilo-Anderson (GA) classification, body mass index (BMI) and follow-up duration. Acute trauma and osteomyelitis were the main causes for tibial segmental defects. Initial open injuries were classified according to GA classification. Bone loss was measured after radical debridement by the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). VAS of each patient was assessed at one month after operation. Time in frame and external fixation index were calculated when the transport fixator was removed. At the last follow-up, the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score was used to evaluate knee functions, including pain (30 points), function (22 points), range of motion (18 points), muscle strength (10 points), knee flexion deformity (10 points), and stability (10 points)14 (link). The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was used to assess ankle functions15 (link). The total score is on a scale of 0 to 100, with 100 indicating no symptoms or impairments. For HSS and AOFAS scores, a higher score indicates better joint functions. Postoperative complications were recorded and divided into “problems” (treated nonoperatively), “obstacles” (treated operatively) or “sequelae” based on the principles proposed by Paley16 (link). The clinical effects and functional recovery scales of the two groups were evaluated by trained and experienced surgeons.
Lu Y., Wang Q., Ren C., Li M., Li Z., Zhang K., Huang Q, & Ma T. (2023). Proximal versus distal bone transport for the management of large segmental tibial defect: a clinical case series. Scientific Reports, 13, 3883.
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Publication 2023
Amputation Anesthesia Ankle Bones Congenital Abnormality Debridement Ethics Committees Ethics Committees, Research Foot Ilizarov Technique Index, Body Mass Injuries Joints Knee Muscle Strength Operative Surgical Procedures Osteomyelitis Osteopenia Pain Patients Postoperative Complications Reading Frames Recovery of Function sequels Surgeons Tibia Wounds and Injuries Youth
5
Ladder Rung Assay for Sensorimotor Recovery
The ladder rung assay evaluates an animal’s ability to perform skilled locomotion, which is correlated with sensorimotor functional recovery [40 (link)]. The animals in the week 6 and week 16 timepoints were trained to cross a horizontal ladder for a period of 2 weeks prior to surgical procedure. At 4, 10, and 16 weeks postoperatively the animal’s ladder rung performance crossing the ladder 3 consecutive times at each timepoint was video-recorded and later analyzed by a trained observer. The number of missteps by the right hindlimb (e.g. the mouse would completely miss a rung or hit the rung but the paw would completely slip off) and total number of steps by the right hindlimb are counted and the slip ratio % is calculated by (# missteps /# total steps) x 100.
Davis B., Wojtalewicz S., Erickson S., Veith J., Simpson A., Sant H., Shea J., Gale B, & Agarwal J. (2023). Local delivery of FK506 to a nerve allograft is comparable to systemic delivery at suppressing allogeneic graft rejection. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0281911.
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Publication 2023
Animals Biological Assay Hindlimb Locomotion Mice, House Operative Surgical Procedures Recovery of Function

Top products related to «Recovery of Function»

1
Sas version 9 by SAS Institute
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SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.
2
Prism 5 by GraphPad
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GraphPad Prism 5 is a data analysis and graphing software. It provides tools for data organization, statistical analysis, and visual representation of results.
3
Catwalk xt by Noldus
Sourced in Netherlands, United States
The CatWalk XT is a computerized system designed for automated gait analysis. It allows for the quantitative assessment of footprint parameters and other gait-related measurements in small laboratory animals.
4
Catwalk xt 10 by Noldus
Sourced in Netherlands
The CatWalk XT 10.6 is a gait analysis system designed to quantify various parameters of animal locomotion. It uses an illuminated glass walkway and high-speed camera to record and analyze the movements of small laboratory animals.
5
Prism 8 by GraphPad
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Prism 8 is a data analysis and graphing software developed by GraphPad. It is designed for researchers to visualize, analyze, and present scientific data.
6
Prism 6 by GraphPad
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Prism 6 is a data analysis and graphing software developed by GraphPad. It provides tools for curve fitting, statistical analysis, and data visualization.
7
Catwalk gait analysis system by Noldus
Sourced in Netherlands
The CatWalk gait analysis system is a laboratory equipment designed to objectively measure the walking pattern and gait dynamics of small laboratory animals, such as rodents. The system uses a specialized camera setup to capture the movements of the animal as it walks across a glass walkway, providing detailed data on various gait parameters.
8
Powerlab by ADInstruments
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PowerLab is a data acquisition system designed for recording and analyzing physiological signals. It provides a platform for connecting various sensors and transducers to a computer, allowing researchers and clinicians to capture and analyze biological data.
9
Catwalk xt 9 by Noldus
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The CatWalk XT 9.0 is a quantitative gait analysis system from Noldus. It is designed to measure various parameters of animal locomotion. The system uses a high-speed camera and dedicated software to capture and analyze the footprint data of test subjects as they traverse a specialized walkway.
10
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MATLAB is a high-performance programming language and numerical computing environment used for scientific and engineering calculations, data analysis, and visualization. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for solving complex mathematical and computational problems.

More about "Recovery of Function"

Recovery of Function, also known as functional restoration or rehabilitation, refers to the process of regaining normal capabilities and independence following an injury, illness, or disability.
This multifaceted concept encompasses the physiological, neurological, and psychological aspects of an individual's recovery journey.
The goal of Recovery of Function is to help patients maximize their level of functioning and reintegrate into their communities.
This often involves the use of various therapeutic interventions, assistive technologies, and adaptive strategies tailored to the patient's specific needs and challenges.
Researchers in this field utilize a range of tools and software to optimize the recovery process and improve patient outcomes.
These include SAS version 9.4 for statistical analysis, GraphPad Prism 5 and Prism 8 for data visualization and analysis, CatWalk XT and CatWalk XT 10.6 for gait analysis, PowerLab for physiological data collection, and MATLAB for advanced data processing and modeling.
By leveraging the insights gained from these technologies, researchers can develop more effective protocols and interventions that can enhance functional recovery and minimize long-term disability.
This, in turn, can lead to improved quality of life and increased independence for individuals with impairments or disabilities.
The Recovery of Function process is a dynamic and multifaceted endeavor, involving the collaboration of healthcare professionals, researchers, and patients to achieve the best possible outcomes.
Through continued advancements in research and the application of cutting-edge tools and technologies, the field of Recovery of Function is poised to make significant strides in improving the lives of those affected by injury, illness, or disability.