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Cryostat

A cryostat is a device used to maintain samples at extremely low temperatures, typically near absolute zero.
It employs thermal insulation and refrigeration to create and maintain a controlled, stable environment for scientific research and experimentation.
Cryostats are essential tools in fields like cryogenics, materials science, and quantum computing, enabling the study of properties and behaviors at ultra-low temperatures.
These specialized instruments help researchers achieve enhanced reproducibility and accuracy in their work, supporting advancements in a wide range of scientific disciplines.
Optimizing cryostat research with the help of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai can streamline experimentation and elevate the quaity of scientific inquiries.

Most cited protocols related to «Cryostat»

1
Neon Dimer Ionization and Momentum Analysis
The neon dimers were prepared in a molecular beam under supersonic expansion of gaseous neon at a temperature of 60 K through a 5 µm nozzle (see Supplementary Figure 1). The nozzle temperature was stabilized within ±0.1 K by a continuous flow cryogenic cryostat (Model RC110 UHV, Cryo Industries of America, Inc.). The optimum dimer yield was found at a nozzle back pressure of 3 bar. Neon dimers were selected from the molecular beam by means of matter wave diffraction using a transmission grating with a period of 100 nm. The selection allowed increasing the relative yield of Ne2 from typically 2%12 (link) to 20% with respect to the monomer.
The neon dimers were singly ionized by a strong ultra-short laser field (40 fs -FWHM in intensity -, 780 nm, 8 kHz, Dragon KMLabs). The field intensities were 7.3×1014 W cm−2 (Keldysh parameter γ = 0.72) in case of circular polarization and 1.2×1015 W cm−2 (γ = 0.4) in the experiment with linearly polarized light. The 3D-momenta of the ion and the electron after ionization were measured by cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS). In the COLTRIMS spectrometer a homogeneous electric field of 16 V cm−1 for circularly polarized light, or 23 V cm−1 in case of linearly polarized laser field, guided the ions onto a time- and position-sensitive micro-channel plate detector with hexagonal delay-line position readout42 (link) and an active area of 80 mm. In order to achieve 4π solid angle detection of electrons with momenta up to 2.5 a.u., a magnetic field of 12.5 G was applied within the COLTRIMS spectrometer in the experiment with the circularly polarized laser field. In the case of linearly polarized light a magnetic field of 9 G was utilized. The ion and electron detectors were placed at 450 mm and 250 mm, respectively, away from the ionization region.
Kunitski M., Eicke N., Huber P., Köhler J., Zeller S., Voigtsberger J., Schlott N., Henrichs K., Sann H., Trinter F., Schmidt L.P., Kalinin A., Schöffler M.S., Jahnke T., Lein M, & Dörner R. (2019). Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer. Nature Communications, 10, 1.
Publication 2019
Cold Temperature Electricity Electrons Gases Light Magnetic Fields Neon Pressure Spectrum Analysis Transmission, Communicable Disease
2
Comprehensive Neuronal Tracing and Characterization
For in situ hybridization analysis, cryostat sections were hybridized using digoxigenin-labeled probes [45 (link)] directed against mouse TrkA or TrkB, or rat TrkC (gift from L. F. Parada). Antibodies used in this study were as follows: rabbit anti-Er81 [14 (link)], rabbit anti-Pea3 [14 (link)], rabbit anti-PV [14 (link)], rabbit anti-eGFP (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oregon, United States), rabbit anti-Calbindin, rabbit anti-Calretinin (Swant, Bellinzona, Switzerland), rabbit anti-CGRP (Chemicon, Temecula, California, United States), rabbit anti-vGlut1 (Synaptic Systems, Goettingen, Germany), rabbit anti-Brn3a (gift from E. Turner), rabbit anti-TrkA and -p75 (gift from L. F. Reichardt), rabbit anti-Runx3 (Kramer and Arber, unpublished reagent), rabbit anti-Rhodamine (Molecular Probes), mouse anti-neurofilament (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia, United States), sheep anti-eGFP (Biogenesis, Poole, United Kingdom), goat anti-LacZ [14 (link)], goat anti-TrkC (gift from L. F. Reichardt), and guinea pig anti-Isl1 [14 (link)]. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) to detect apoptotic cells in E13.5 DRG on cryostat sections was performed as described by the manufacturer (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Quantitative analysis of TUNEL+ DRG cells was performed essentially as described [27 (link)]. BrdU pulse-chase experiments and LacZ wholemount stainings were performed as previously described [46 (link)]. For anterograde tracing experiments to visualize projections of sensory neurons, rhodamine-conjugated dextran (Molecular Probes) was injected into single lumbar (L3) DRG at E13.5 or applied to whole lumbar dorsal roots (L3) at postnatal day (P) 5 using glass capillaries. After injection, animals were incubated for 2–3 h (E13.5) or overnight (P5). Cryostat sections were processed for immunohistochemistry as described [14 (link)] using fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:1,000, Molecular Probes). Images were collected on an Olympus (Tokyo, Japan) confocal microscope. Images from in situ hybridization experiments were collected with an RT-SPOT camera (Diagnostic Instruments, Sterling Heights, Michigan, United States), and Corel (Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States) Photo Paint 10.0 was used for digital processing of images.
Hippenmeyer S., Vrieseling E., Sigrist M., Portmann T., Laengle C., Ladle D.R, & Arber S. (2005). A Developmental Switch in the Response of DRG Neurons to ETS Transcription Factor Signaling. PLoS Biology, 3(5), e159.
Publication 2005
Anabolism Animals Antibodies Apoptosis Bromodeoxyuridine Calbindins Calretinin Capillaries Cavia Cells Diagnosis Digoxigenin DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase Domestic Sheep Goat Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization In Situ Nick-End Labeling LacZ Genes Lumbar Region Mice, House Microscopy, Confocal Molecular Probes Neurofilaments Neuron, Afferent Pulse Rate Rabbits Rhodamine rhodamine dextran Root, Dorsal Staining transcription factor PEA3 tropomyosin-related kinase-B, human
3
Immunofluorescent Analysis of Ocular Proteins

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Publication 2021
Actins Animals Antibodies Biopharmaceuticals Capsule Catabolism Cataract Cells DNA Replication Epithelium Epitopes Eye Fibrosis Fluorescent Antibody Technique Fluorescent Dyes Freezing Gene Expression Genes Homo sapiens Immunoglobulins Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Lens, Crystalline Mice, Inbred C57BL Microscopy, Confocal Mus Operative Surgical Procedures Protein Denaturation Proteins RNA-Seq Smooth Muscles Tissues Training Programs Vision Western Blotting
4
Waxholm Space Mouse Brain Atlas: A Multimodal Resource

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Publication 2010
5
Quantitative Imaging of Tissues via IR-MALDESI
All experiments mentioned in this manuscript were performed in accordance with local ethical guidelines. Human cervical tissues were obtained from the University of North Carolina Tissue Procurement Facility through UNC IRB #09-0921, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Two-day-old whole neonatal mouse pups were obtained from NCSU Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences. Hen ovarian tissues were acquired from commercial egg laying hens in the NCSU Department of Poultry Science. All husbandry practices were approved by North Carolina State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).
All imaging experiments were performed in our laboratory using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) sourced coupled to high resolving power mass spectrometers. The details of IR-MALDESI source design and steps involved in imaging experiments are described elsewhere in detail [10 (link), 17 (link), 18 ]. In short, the tissues were sectioned into 10–25 μm thick sections using a Leica CM1950 cryostat (Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) and then thaw-mounted onto clean microscope slides. For quantitative MSI analyses, a calibration series of stable isotope labeled version of the analyte was pipetted directly on top of the tissue section prior to IR-MALDESI analysis. The tissue sections were then transferred to the enclosure housing the IR-MALDESI imaging source and placed on a Peltier-cooled stage. The relative humidity inside the enclosure was reduced to ~10% by purging the enclosure with dry nitrogen gas, and the stage temperature was reduced to -10 °C. After roughly 10 minutes, the enclosure was opened to allow the deposition of a thin layer of ice matrix on the tissue by sublimation of water present in the atmosphere. Once a thin layer of ice was formed over the tissue, the enclosure was closed and the relative humidity was again reduced to ~10%.
Two mid-infrared laser pulses at a wavelength of 2940 nm were used to desorb material from the tissue sections. The neutral material desorbed from the tissue partition into the charged droplets of the electrospray and are ionized in an ESI-like fashion. Quantitative MSI and whole-body MSI were performed using a Q Exactive mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, Bremen, Germany) as described by Bokhart et al. [19 (link)] and Rosen et al. [20 (link)], respectively. Polarity switching IR-MALDESI MSI was performed using a Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, Bremen, Germany) as outlined by Nazari and Muddiman [21 (link)]. Since IR-MALDESI is a pulsed ionization source, the automatic gain control (AGC) is disabled and ions are stored in the C-trap for a pre-determined amount of time denoted by the maximum injection time (IT). Mass ranges, electrospray solvent composition, and the injection times varied for each experiment since these need to be optimized based on the goals of each analysis.
The .RAW files generated by the Thermo instruments were first converted to mzML format using the msConvert tool from ProteoWizard [22 (link)], and then converted to imzML using the imzML converter [23 (link)]. The imzML files were subsequently loaded into MSiReader v1.0 for visualization and analysis.
Bokhart M.T., Nazari M., Garrard K.P, & Muddiman D.C. (2017). MSiReader v1.0: Evolving Open-Source Mass Spectrometry Imaging Software for Targeted and Untargeted Analyses. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 29(1), 8-16.
Publication 2017
Atmosphere Buffaloes Fowls, Domestic Homo sapiens Human Body Humidity Infant, Newborn Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Ions Isotopes Microscopy Mus Neck Nitrogen Ovary Patients Solvents Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Tissue Procurement Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Cryostat»

1
Cryostat for Low-Temperature EPR Spectroscopy
Not available on PMC !
The first version of the cryostat is based on a low-temperature vacuum-sealed glass insert operating at a base temperature of 77.1 ± 0.4 K (measured at the sample position) via cooling a flow of 40 slpm (0.5 bars) g-N2 passing through a liquid nitrogen (l-N2) heat exchanger.
The cryostat fits into a warm g-N2 insulating sleeve running through the magnet bore from top to bottom of the magnet enclosure. The insulating sleeve is split into parts above and below the enclosure of the NMR probe (see Fig. 2), and the warm insulating gas also passes through the probe body, about the former of the NMR coils. The rf coils and the microwave horn remain at ambient temperature. The cryostat accommodates a conventional 4 mm EPR tubes, held by a stopper element that seals nitrogen escape. It is supplied with the cooled gaseous nitrogen that enters the heat exchanger and that is then directed through a custom-made transfer line into the top of the cryostat. The cooled g-N2 passes downward along the length of the sample tube and is directed to the outside through a pipe at the bottom of the setup. The heat exchanger is inserted in a liquid nitrogen (l-N2) Dewar and the overall l-N2 consumption amounts to 100 liters per day when running continuous experiments. The constant flow of nitrogen in the cryostat ensures fast freezing of the sample when the tube is inserted in the bore of the glass tube of the cryostat. The temperature is monitored with a PT1000 temperature sensor placed close to the bottom of the EPR tube next to the sample and is acquired by an Arduino card and displayed with a dedicated Matlab application.
The initial cool-down starting from the housing temperature of 28°C takes approximately 5 minutes.
Bocquelet C., Rougier N., Le H.X., Veyre L., Jeanneau E., Melzi R., Purea A., Banks D., Kempf J., Stern Q., Vaneeckhaute E., & Jannin S. (2024). Boosting 1H and 13C NMR signals by orders of magnitude on a bench.
Publication 2024
2
Fly Brain Immunohistochemistry
Adult fly heads were dissected 3 days post-eclosion (or 5 days post-eclosion for experiments involving the use of GAL80ts), and were fixed for 3 h on ice in 3.2% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (PB, pH 7.2). The heads were then washed 3X using PB and were incubated overnight at 4 °C in 25% sucrose in PB. The following day heads were mounted in O.C.T. (Optimal Cutting Temperature) Compound, and subsequently cryostat sectioned at 10 μm thickness and placed onto Superfrost Plus slides (Fisher Scientific) using a Leica CM3050 S. Sections on slides were then blocked with 10% normal goat serum (NGS) in 0.5% PBT (phosphate buffer with Triton X-100) for 1 h, and then incubated with primary antibodies (MAb24B10 at 1:100 [Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank or DSHB]; rabbit polyclonal anti-GFP at 1:1000 [Invitrogen], or mouse anti-b galactosidase [Sigma-Aldrich] at 1:100) overnight at 4 °C. The sections were washed 3X with 0.5% PBT, followed by incubation with secondary antibodies (anti-mouse AlexaFluor 647 at 1:750 or anti-rabbit AlexaFluor 488 at 1:750 [Invitrogen]) for 55 min at room temperature. The slides were then washed 3X with 0.5% PBT, and overlayed with 60 µL SlowFade Gold anti-fade (Invitrogen) per slide. Slides were each mounted with a glass coverslip, sealed with clear nail polish, and kept at 4 oC until confocal microscopy (Olympus, Fluoview FV1000 LSM). Z-stack images were taken at 40x magnification.
Lim-Kian-Siang G., Izawa-Ishiguro A.R, & Rao Y. (2024). Neurexin-1-dependent circuit activity is required for the maintenance of photoreceptor subtype identity in Drosophila. Molecular Brain, 17, 2.
Publication 2024
3
Soleus Muscle Cryosectioning Protocol
Soleus muscles were dissected from mice, rinsed in PBS and gently dried, immersed in Tissue-Tek II OCT compound (Sakura Finetek USA, Inc., Torrance, CA, USA), frozen in isopentane cooled in liquid nitrogen, and preserved at −80 °C till sectioning. Then, 10 μm thick transverse serial sections were obtained by using Leica cryostat (CM 1850, Leica Microsystem, Wetzlar, Germany). Sections were airdried and stored at −80 °C till their utilization for histological analyses.
Toniolo L., Gazzin S., Rosso N., Giraudi P., Bonazza D., Concato M., Zanconati F., Tiribelli C, & Giacomello E. (2024). Gender Differences in the Impact of a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet in Skeletal Muscles of Young Female and Male Mice. Nutrients, 16(10), 1467.
Publication 2024
4
Immunohistochemistry of Drosophila Tissues
Unmated and mated females were fixed for 1 h in 4% FA after the removal of legs and wings, washed 3 × 5 min in PBS (0.85% NaCl, 1.4 mM KH2 PO4, 8 mM Na2 HPO4, pH 7.4) and incubated in 25% sucrose overnight at 4 °C. Flies were briefly washed in PBS before embedding in O.C.T (#4583, Tissue-Tek) and freezing on a LN2 cooled metal block. Using a cryostat (Leica CM1950), 20 µm sections were collected on super plus glass slides (Thermo Scientific) and coated with 1 nm AuPd (Quorum Q 150 T ES, UK).
Zelinger E., Brumfeld V., Rechav K., Waiger D., Kossovsky T, & Heifetz Y. (2024). Three-dimensional correlative microscopy of the Drosophila female reproductive tract reveals modes of communication in seminal receptacle sperm storage. Communications Biology, 7, 155.
Publication 2024
5
Cryosectioning and Imaging of Transgenic Zebrafish Retina
6 dpf larvae (Tg(isl2b:GFP);gsx1y689/+ in-cross offspring) were fixed in 4% PFA overnight at 4°C. Tissue was prepped by sinking larvae in a 25% sucrose in 1X PBS solution, then 35% sucrose in 1X PBS and mounting in Optical Cutting Temperature (OCT Clear, Fisher HealthCare, 4585). Sections were taken on a Leica CM1850 cryostat at 12μm through the entire retina based on published protocols [95 (link)]. Staining procedures for sections followed [95 (link)], and anti-GFP antibody and SYTO59 staining were used (Table 1). Images were taken on a laser scanning confocal microscope and analyzed using Vaa3D software to count cells.
Schmidt A.R., Placer H.J., Muhammad I.M., Shephard R., Patrick R.L., Saurborn T., Horstick E.J, & Bergeron S.A. (2024). Transcriptional control of visual neural circuit development by GS homeobox 1. PLOS Genetics, 20(4), e1011139.
Publication 2024

Top products related to «Cryostat»

1
Cryostat by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, France, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Italy, Singapore, Switzerland, Israel
The Cryostat is a specialized piece of laboratory equipment used for the sectioning of frozen tissue samples. It maintains a controlled low-temperature environment, enabling the precise and consistent cutting of delicate specimens for microscopic analysis and examination.
2
Cm3050 by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, Austria, Israel
The Leica CM3050S is a cryostat designed for sectioning frozen tissue samples. It features a cooling system that maintains a precise temperature range and enables the creation of high-quality tissue sections. The instrument is engineered to provide consistent and reliable performance for various applications in histology and pathology laboratories.
3
Cm1950 by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, China, United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, France, Netherlands, Spain, Ireland
The Leica CM1950 is a cryostat designed for sectioning frozen tissue samples. It features a temperature range of -10°C to -35°C and a specimen size of up to 55 x 55 mm. The instrument is equipped with a motorized specimen feed and a high-performance cooling system.
4
Cm3050s cryostat by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Israel, Netherlands, Australia
The CM3050S cryostat is a lab equipment product designed for sectioning frozen tissue samples. It features a microtome for precise cutting and a temperature-controlled chamber to maintain samples at cryogenic temperatures.
5
Superfrost plus slide by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Canada, Switzerland, Denmark, Australia, Japan, Sweden, Spain, New Zealand, China
Superfrost Plus slides are high-quality, positively charged microscope slides designed for improved tissue adhesion and cell attachment. These slides feature a specialized coated surface that enhances the binding of biological samples, ensuring secure sample mounting and reliable results during histological and cytological applications.
6
Cm1850 by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, China, Canada
The Leica CM1850 is a cryostat instrument designed for sectioning frozen tissue samples. It features a temperature range of -10°C to -50°C and a vertical specimen advance of 0.5 to 100 μm.
7
Tissue tek oct compound by Sakura Finetek
Sourced in United States, Japan, Netherlands, Germany, France, United Kingdom
Tissue-Tek OCT compound is a tissue-embedding medium designed for cryosectioning. It is formulated to provide optimal support and preservation of tissue samples during the freezing process, enabling the production of high-quality frozen sections for microscopic analysis.
8
Oct compound by Sakura Finetek
Sourced in Japan, United States, Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, France
The OCT compound is a specialized laboratory equipment designed for optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis. It enables high-resolution, non-invasive imaging of biological samples by utilizing low-coherence interferometry. The core function of the OCT compound is to capture detailed, cross-sectional images of various materials and tissues.
9
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, China, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, Denmark, Panama, Poland, Singapore, Austria, Morocco, Netherlands, Sweden, Argentina, India, Finland, Pakistan, Cameroon, New Zealand
DAPI is a fluorescent dye used in microscopy and flow cytometry to stain cell nuclei. It binds strongly to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA, emitting blue fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet light.

More about "Cryostat"

Cryostats are specialized devices used in a variety of scientific disciplines, including cryogenics, materials science, and quantum computing.
These instruments employ thermal insulation and refrigeration to maintain samples at extremely low temperatures, often close to absolute zero.
This controlled, stable environment is essential for studying the properties and behaviors of materials and systems at ultra-low temperatures.
Cryostats come in different models and configurations, such as the CM3050S, CM1950, and CM1850, each designed to meet specific research needs.
These instruments often work in conjunction with other specialized equipment, like Superfrost Plus slides and Tissue-Tek OCT compound, to enable comprehensive experimentation.
Optimizing cryostat research can be a complex and time-consuming process, but AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai can help streamline the workflow.
These tools allow researchers to easily locate and compare the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in their work.
By leveraging the power of artificial intelligence, scientists can elevate the quality of their cryostat-based inquiries and drive advancements in their respective fields.
Whether you're working with cryostats in cryogenics, materials science, or quantum computing, understanding the capabilities and applications of these specialized instruments is crucial.
By staying up-to-date with the latest developments and utilizing innovative tools like PubCompare.ai, researchers can unlock new insights and push the boundaries of scientific discovery.