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> Living Beings > Age Group > Infant

Infant

Infant, a young child from birth to 1 year of age.
Infants exhibit a wide range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral development during this critical period of growth.
Factors such as nutrition, environment, and caregiving play a key role in an infant's overall health and well-being.
Researchers studying infant development may leverage AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to optimizee their workflows, identify the best protocols and products across literature, preprints, and patents, and enhance reproducibility and accuracy in their studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Infant»

1
Simulating Partial and Contaminated Genomes
Simulated genomes were generated from an initial set of 3604 draft genomes within IMG identified as being of high quality (see Supplemental Methods). To help alleviate bias toward well-sampled lineages, 280 of the 3604 high-quality draft genomes with identical phylogenetic marker genes were not used during the generation of simulated genomes. Simulated genomes were generated at varying degrees of completeness and contamination using three distinct random sampling models. Under the random fragment model, each contig comprising a genome was fragmented into nonoverlapping windows of a fixed size between 5 and 50 kbp. This size range was selected because it approximates the contig lengths of genomes recovered from metagenomic data or single-cell genomics: The mean N50 of the GEBA-MDM single-cell genomes, Wrighton acetate-amended aquifer population genomes, and Sharon infant gut population genomes is ∼28 kbp, ∼17 kbp, and ∼ 12 kbp, respectively. In order to generate genomes at a desired level of completeness and contamination, fragments were sampled without or with replacement, respectively. Windows were sampled until a simulated genome had completeness and contamination equal to or just greater than the target values. Generation of simulated genomes was limited to draft genomes as finished genomes were used to determine appropriate lineage-specific marker sets suitable for evaluating genomes (Fig. 3).
The 2430 draft reference genomes comprised of 20 or more contigs were used to simulate partial and contaminated genomes reflecting the characteristics of assembled contigs. Under this random contig model, genomes were generated by randomly removing contigs until the simulated genome reached or fell below a target completeness level. Contamination was introduced by randomly adding contigs with replacement from a single randomly selected genome until the desired level of contamination was reached or exceeded. These 2430 draft genomes were also used to generate genomes reflecting the limitations of metagenomic binning methods that rely on the statistical properties of contigs (e.g., tetranucleotide signature, coverage) to establish putative population genomes. To simulate this, partial genomes were generated by randomly removing contigs with a probability inversely proportional to their length until the simulated genome reached or fell below a target completeness level. Contamination was introduced by randomly selecting another draft reference genome and adding contigs from this genome with a probability inversely proportional to length until the desired level of contamination was reached or exceeded.
Parks D.H., Imelfort M., Skennerton C.T., Hugenholtz P, & Tyson G.W. (2015). CheckM: assessing the quality of microbial genomes recovered from isolates, single cells, and metagenomes. Genome Research, 25(7), 1043-1055.
Publication 2015
Acetate Aquifers Genes Genome Infant Metagenome
2
Infant and Adult Microbiome COG Profiles
The COG profiles of the nine adult and four unweaned infant microbiomes were obtained from the supplemental material of [73 (link)] and used unmodified in this study.
Segata N., Izard J., Waldron L., Gevers D., Miropolsky L., Garrett W.S, & Huttenhower C. (2011). Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation. Genome Biology, 12(6), R60.
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Publication 2011
Adult Infant Microbiome
3
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs
Carcinogenic and mutagenic risk assessments15 (link),60 (link)–63 (link),67 (link)–69 (link) induced by inhalation of PM2.5-bound enriched with selected nitro-PAHs (1-NPYR, 2-NPYR, 2-NFLT, 3-NFLT, 2-NBA, and 3-NBA) and PAHs (PYR, FLT, BaP, and BaA) were estimated in the bus station and coastal site samples according to calculations done by Wang et al.60 (link), Nascimento et al.61 (link), and Schneider et al.67 (link) PAH and PAH derivatives risk assessment is done in terms of BaP toxicity, which is well established67 (link)–73 (link). The daily inhalation levels (EI) were calculated as: EI=BaPeq×IR=(∑Ci×TEFi)×IR where EI (ng person−1 day−1) is the daily inhalation exposure, IR (m³ d−1) is the inhalation rate (m³ d−1), BaPeq is the equivalent of benzo[a]pyrene (BaPeq = Σ Ci × TEFi) (in ng m−3), Ci is the PM2.5 concentration level for a target compound i, and TEFi is the toxic equivalent factor of the compound i. TEF values were considered those from Tomaz et al.15 (link), Nisbet and LaGoy69 (link), OEHHA72 , Durant et al.73 (link), and references therein. EI in terms of mutagenicity was calculated using equation (1), just replacing the TEF data by the mutagenic potency factors (MEFs) data, published by Durant et al.73 (link). Individual TEFs and MEFs values and other data used in this study are described in SI, Table S4.
The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was used to assess the inhalation risk for the population in the Greater Salvador, where the bus station and the coastal site are located. ILCR is calculated as: ILCR=(EI×SF×ED×cf×EF)/(AT×BW) where SF is the cancer slope factor of BaP, which was 3.14 (mg kg−1 d−1)−1 for inhalation exposure60 (link), EF (day year−1) represents the exposure frequency (365 days year−1), ED (year) represents exposure duration to air particles (year), cf is a conversion factor (1 × 10−6), AT (days) means the lifespan of carcinogens in 70 years (70 × 365 = 25,550 days)70 ,72 , and BW (kg) is the body weight of a subject in a target population71 .
The risk assessment was performed considering four different target groups in the population: adults (>21 years), adolescents (11–16 years), children (1–11 years), and infants (<1 year). The IR for adults, adolescents, children, and infants were 16.4, 21.9, 13.3, 6.8 m3 day−1, respectively. The BW was considered 80 kg for adults, 56.8 kg for adolescents, 26.5 kg for children and 6.8 kg for infants70 .
Santos A.G., da Rocha G.O, & de Andrade J.B. (2019). Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles. Scientific Reports, 9, 1.
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Publication 2019
Adolescent Adult Benzo(a)pyrene Body Weight Carcinogens Child derivatives Factor X Fibrinogen fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether Health Risk Assessment Infant Inhalation Inhalation Exposure Malignant Neoplasms Mutagens Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Population at Risk Population Group Respiratory Rate
4
Preterm Infant Growth Data Synthesis
Major bibliographic databases were searched: MEDLINE (using PubMed) and CINHAL, by both authors back to year 1987 (given our 25 year limit), with no language restrictions, and foreign articles were translated. The following search terms as medical subject headings and textwords were used: (“Preterm infant” OR “Premature Birth”[Mesh]) OR (“Infant, Premature/classification”[Mesh] OR “Infant, Premature/growth and development”[Mesh] OR “Infant, Premature/statistics and numerical data”[Mesh] OR “Infant, very low birth weight”[Mesh]) AND (percentile OR *centile* OR weeks) AND (weight OR head circumference OR length). Grey literature sites including clinical trial websites and Google were searched in February 2012. Reference lists were reviewed for relevant studies.
All of the found data was reported as completed weeks except for the German Perinatal Statistics, which were reported as actual daily weights [14 (link)]. To combine the datasets, the German data was temporarily converted to completed weeks. A final step converted the meta-analyses to actual age.
Fenton T.R, & Kim J.H. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics, 13, 59.
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Publication 2013
Head Infant Infant, Very Low Birth Weight Premature Birth Preterm Infant
5
Preterm Growth Chart Revision
To revise the growth chart, thorough literature searches were performed to find published and unpublished population-based preterm size at birth (weight, length, and/or head circumference) references. The inclusion criteria, defined a priori, designed to minimize bias by restriction [13 ], were to locate population-based studies of preterm fetal growth, from developed countries with:
a) Corrected gestational ages through fetal ultrasound and/or infant assessment and/or statistical correction;
b) Data percentiles at 24 weeks gestational age or lower;
c) Sample of at least 25,000 babies, with more than 500 infants aged less than 30 weeks;
d) Separate data on females and males;
e) Data available numerically in published form or from authors,
f) Data collected within the past 25 years (1987 to 2012) to account for any secular trends.
Fenton T.R, & Kim J.H. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics, 13, 59.
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Publication 2013
Birth Weight Care, Prenatal Females Fetal Growth Fetal Ultrasonography Gestational Age Head Infant Males

Most recents protocols related to «Infant»

1
Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Not available on PMC !

Example 4

Syphilis is an STI that can cause long-term complications if not treated correctly. Symptoms in adults are divided into stages. These stages are primary, secondary, latent, and late syphilis. In pregnant women, having syphilis can lead to giving birth to a low birth weight baby. It can also lead to delivering the baby too early or stillborn (CDC fact sheet, 2015).

Although T. pallidum cannot be grown in culture, there are many tests for the direct and indirect diagnosis of syphilis. Still, there is no single optimal test. Direct diagnostic methods include the detection of T. pallidum by microscopic examination of fluid or smears from lesions, histological examination of tissues or nucleic acid amplification methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Indirect diagnosis is based on serological tests for the detection of antibodies (Ratnam S, Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2005). Treatment includes a single dose of intramuscular administration of penicillin (2.4 Million units).

In some embodiments, the disclosed device can be used to detect syphilis infections from menstrual blood or cervicovaginal fluids.

US11864740B2. Sample collection and preservation devices, systems and methods (2024-01-09). NextGen Jane, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Ridhi Tariyal [US], Stephen K. Gire [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Adult Antibodies BLOOD Childbirth Diagnosis Globus Pallidus Infant Infection Medical Devices Menstruation Microscopy Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques Penicillins Polymerase Chain Reaction Pregnant Women Syphilis Syphilis, tertiary Tests, Serologic Tissues
2
Diagnosis and Significance of Bacterial Vaginosis
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is an infection caused when too much of certain bacteria change the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common lower genital tract conditions, occurring in 35% of women attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics, 15% to 20% of pregnant women, and 5% to 15% of women attending gynecology clinics (Eschenbach D A, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993). Pregnant women with BV are more likely to have babies who are born premature (early) or with low birth weight than women who do not have BV while pregnant. Low birth weight means having a baby that weighs less than 5.5 pounds at birth (CDC fact sheet, 2015).

Diagnosis of BV is typically done through a vaginal swab to assess the presence and balance of certain bacteria within the vaginal flora through PCR. A wet mount, whiff test, or pH test can also be performed in order to diagnose a possible bacterial infection.

In some embodiments, the disclosed device can be used to detect bacterial vaginosis from menstrual blood or cervicovaginal fluids.

US11864740B2. Sample collection and preservation devices, systems and methods (2024-01-09). NextGen Jane, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Ridhi Tariyal [US], Stephen K. Gire [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Bacteria Bacterial Infections Bacterial Vaginosis Blood Childbirth Diagnosis Hereditary Diseases Infant Infection Medical Devices Menstruation Pregnant Women Premature Birth Sexually Transmitted Diseases Vagina Vaginal Diseases Woman
3
Chlamydia: Diagnosis, Transmission, and Impacts
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

Chlamydia is a common STI that is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Transmission occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, but the bacterium can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. It is estimated that about 1 million individuals in the United States are infected with this bacterium, making chlamydia one of the most common STIs worldwide. Like gonorrhea, chlamydial infection is asymptomatic for a majority of women. If symptoms are present, they include unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge, pain in the abdomen, painful sexual intercourse, fever, painful urination or the urge to urinate more frequently than usual. Of those who develop asymptomatic infection, approximately half may develop PID. Infants born to mothers with chlamydia may suffer from pneumonia and conjunctivitis, which may lead to blindness. They may also be subject to spontaneous abortion or premature birth.

Diagnosis of chlamydial infection is usually done by nucleic acid amplification techniques, such as PCR, using samples collected from cervical swabs or urine specimens (Gaydos et al., J. Clin. Microbio., 42:3041-3045; 2004). Treatment involves various antibiotic regimens.

In some embodiments, the disclosed device can be used to detect chlamydial infections from menstrual blood or cervicovaginal fluids.

US11864740B2. Sample collection and preservation devices, systems and methods (2024-01-09). NextGen Jane, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Ridhi Tariyal [US], Stephen K. Gire [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Abdominal Pain Antibiotics Anus Asymptomatic Infections Bacteria Blindness Blood Childbirth Chlamydia Chlamydia Infections Chlamydia trachomatis Coitus Conjunctivitis Diagnosis Dysuria Fever Gonorrhea Infant Medical Devices Menstruation Mothers Neck Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques Pain Patient Discharge Pneumonia Premature Birth Sexually Transmitted Diseases Spontaneous Abortion Transmission, Communicable Disease Treatment Protocols Urine Vagina Woman
4
Hormonal Assessment for Fertility and Menopause
Not available on PMC !

Example 20

Fertility—Progesterone is one of the most important hormones for pregnancy with myriad functions from ensuring implantation of the egg into a healthy uterine wall, to ensuring embryo survival and prevention of immune rejection of the developing baby. Many other hormones act in concert with progesterone, like Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and can be used to assess optimal fertility windows on a monthly basis. And in fact an over dominant production of estrogen can lead to progesterone deficiency and thus difficulty getting or staying pregnant. It is important that women not only monitor FSH and LH to determine optimal fertility for getting pregnant, but ensure that sufficient levels or progesterone are being produced to ensure pregnancy and viability of the fetus. A study from the British Medical Journal, 2012, demonstrated that a single progesterone level test can help discriminate between viable and nonviable pregnancies. Among women who had an ultrasound, 73 percent had nonviable pregnancies. But among women with progesterone levels below 3 to 6 nanograms per milliliter, the probability of a nonviable pregnancy rose to more than 99 percent (Gallos L et al. British Medical J, 2012).

Perimenopause—Monitoring hormone levels during the menopausal transition may help women better understand important changes in their body and allow them to make more informed decisions about health, diet, and lifestyle. According to Hale G E (Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2009), data from endocrine studies on women throughout the menopausal transition show changes in levels of steroid hormones and gonadotropins (Progesterone, Estrodiol, LH, FSH and AMH) and follicle-stimulating hormone undergoes the first detectable change while menstrual cycles remain regular. Erratic and less predictable changes in steroid hormones follow, especially with the onset of irregular cycles. Later serum hormone studies on the inhibins and anti-Mullerian hormone established that diminishing ovarian follicle number contributes to the endocrine changes with advancing reproductive age.

Many fertility issues revolve around genetic, anatomical or other disorders that may either prevent a woman from becoming pregnant and/or staying pregnant. Some of these disorders include hormonal imbalances, diabetes, a short or insufficient cervix, and acute or chronic infections. A cascade of genes has been implicated in the occurrence of getting and staying pregnant. These genes have been studied using genotyping, gene expression, and proteomic analysis to assess a woman's ability to stay pregnant.

In some embodiments the disclosed device focuses on detecting levels of Progesterone, LH, FSH, Estrodiol, AMH, genotyping, gene expression through RNA and methylome sequencing, qPCR and proteomic analysis for fertility and menopause management from menstrual blood or cervicovaginal fluid.

US11864740B2. Sample collection and preservation devices, systems and methods (2024-01-09). NextGen Jane, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Ridhi Tariyal [US], Stephen K. Gire [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
BLOOD Cervix Uteri Chronic Infection Diabetes Mellitus Diet Embryo Endocrine System Diseases Epigenome Estrogens Fertility Fetal Viability Follicle-stimulating hormone Gene Expression Genes Genes, vif Gonadotropins Hormones Human Body Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Infant Inhibin Luteinizing hormone Medical Devices Menopause Menstrual Cycle Menstruation Mullerian-Inhibiting Hormone Ovarian Follicle Ovum Implantation Perimenopause Pregnancy Progesterone Reproduction Steroids System, Endocrine Transcription, Genetic Ultrasonography Uterus Woman
5
Sofa Surfing: A Dangerous Gateway to Exclusion
Typically, women had repeatedly experienced several different types of homelessness. But sofa surfing was by far the most long lasting and repeatedly found. Women had wide networks which enabled them to sofa surf for considerable periods of time without exhausting their options. This was often linked with substance misuse and needing access to drugs “I was just sofa surfing. From drug house to drug house to drug house. Me drug addiction got worse and I looked terrible. And I met me baby’s dad through drugs… Met him quite early didn’t fancy him but it was just the drugs, I was there for the drugs (Gillian).
Underlining the importance of understanding sofa surfing as a gateway to exclusion many women detailed the inherent danger and vulnerability in needing to rely on others to find a place to stay:

You get to know people the wrong way sometimes. It’s really sad when you need, you know you’re doing a very dangerous thing... it also exposes the anger. Men who hate women. I always forget the word, misogynist. You become a needy woman, you meet a misogynist (Tracy).

Survival sex is understood as “the exchange of sex for material support” [20 (link)], and has previously found to be common amongst young homeless women [66 ]. Moore’s study, in Australia noted that issues of consent and coercion were obscured within this context [66 ]. The expectation of sex was hinted at by several women and explicitly expressed by Tracy:

I was couch surfing but there was many a night where I’d have to get out of there because they assume that means sex in bed and rock and roll, you know ... Because you owe something. And once you owe something, they can take anything. It’s dirty. It’s a really ugly, you know the word rape is um, is so misunderstood even as a victim of it because if you’re doing it for a place to stay, am I being raped? Or am I f****** him so I can have somewhere to sleep. You know what I mean? Excuse my language. It’s a horrendous place to be.

The routine violence and victimisation associated with sofa surfing is less well evidenced in the literature but well known by the women in this study. In particular sexual exploitation was understood to be prevalent: “I was thinking, “Shall I mention it [sexual exploitation] and I thought well I’m not going to be the only one am I?”(Sienna). That the women in this study were still sofa surfing despite being aware of the inherent dangers highlights the paucity of other options available to them.
McGrath J., Crossley S., Lhussier M, & Forster N. (2023). Social capital and women’s narratives of homelessness and multiple exclusion in northern England. International Journal for Equity in Health, 22, 41.
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Publication 2023
Anger BAD protein, human Brassica rapa Drug Dependence Drugs, Non-Prescription Infant Persons, Homeless Pharmaceutical Preparations Sleep Victimization Woman

Top products related to «Infant»

1
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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L-glutamine is an amino acid that is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in cell culture media. It serves as a source of nitrogen and supports cellular growth and metabolism.

More about "Infant"

Babies, newborns, young children, neonates, pediatrics, child development, growth and maturation, nursing, childcare, parenting, nutrition, environment, caregiving, health and well-being, FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum), DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), SAS version 9.4, SAS 9.4, BHK-21 (Baby Hamster Kidney-21 cells), MEM (Minimum Essential Medium), Streptomycin, Penicillin, Penicillin/streptomycin, L-glutamine.
Infants exhibit a wide range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral development during the critical first year of life.
Factors such as nutrition, environment, and caregiving play a key role in an infant's overall health and well-being.
Reserachers studying infant development may leverage AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their workflows, identify the best protocols and products across literature, preprints, and patents, and enhance reproducibility and accuracy in their studies.