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Animals, Domestic

Domestic Animals: A comprehensive term encompassing all animals that have been domesticated for agricultural or companion purposes.
This includes a wide range of species such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, poultry, and numerous small companion animals.
Domestic animals play a vital role in human society, providing food, fiber, transportation, and companionship.
Understanding the biology, behavior, and health of domestic animals is crucial for optimizing their care, productivity, and welfare.
Researchers in the field of domestic animal studies utilize a variety of techniques, from comparative physiology to genetic analysis, to unlock new insights and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their findings.

Most cited protocols related to «Animals, Domestic»

1
Comprehensive E. coli Diversity Profiling
To cover a large portion of the known bacterial diversity within this species (Table S2), a total of 462 E. coli strains from multiple healthy and diseased sources were investigated. We scored as pathogenic those bacteria isolated from diseased hosts or with known virulence determinants (see bottom of Table S2) and all others as non-pathogens. One focus of the collection consisted of pathogens from both humans and domesticated animals that had been classified as EHEC (41 isolates), EPEC (20), EAEC (9), or ETEC (20) on the basis of virulence determinants (Nataro and Kaper, 1998 (link)) or APEC (13) on the basis of typical disease in domesticated animals. To add geographical as well as host diversity, and to expand the numbers of non-pathogens, the collection included all 72 isolates from the ECOR collection (Ochman and Selander, 1984 (link)), 15 isolates that represent the known diversity of E. coli from healthy wild mammals in Australia (Gordon et al., 2002 (link)) and 114 isolates from patients with diarrhoea in Ghana plus their close contacts including food handlers. We also included 61 Shigella from all known serotypes and species, 38 EIEC of different serotypes and 46 isolates from a variety of clonal groupings that express the K1 capsular polysaccharide (Achtman and Pluschke, 1986 (link)). Additional details including geographic origin are in Table S2.
Sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that two E. coli isolates (isolates RL325/96 and Z205 from a dog and a parrot respectively) differed markedly from the remaining isolates (Fig. 2). These strains clearly belong to E. coli according to biochemical, serological and metabolic typing schemes and by 16S rDNA sequences. Based on the MLST data, they represent the deepest known evolutionary lineages in this species. Because of their extensive sequence divergence from the vast majority of E. coli strains, they were excluded from subsequent analysis.
Wirth T., Falush D., Lan R., Colles F., Mensa P., Wieler L.H., Karch H., Reeves P.R., Maiden M.C., Ochman H, & Achtman M. (2006). Sex and virulence in Escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective. Molecular Microbiology, 60(5), 1136-1151.
Publication 2006
Animal Diseases Animals, Domestic Bacteria Biological Evolution Capsule Clone Cells Diarrhea DNA, Ribosomal Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Food Homo sapiens Mammals Parrots Pathogenicity Patients Polysaccharides Shigella Strains Virulence Factors
2
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in Hamsters
Male golden Syrian hamsters at 4–5 weeks old were obtained from Laboratory Animal Services Centre, Chinese University of Hong Kong. The hamsters were originally imported from Harlan (Envigo), UK in 1998. All experiments were performed at the BSL-3 core facility, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. The animals were randomized from different litters into experimental groups, and the animals were acclimatized at the BSL3 facility for 4–6 days prior to the experiments. The study protocol have been reviewed and approved by the Committee on the Use of Live Animals in Teaching and Research, The University of Hong Kong (CULATR # 5323–20). Experiments were performed in compliance with all relevant ethical regulations. For challenge studies, hamsters were anesthetized by ketamine(150mg/kg) and xylazine (10mg/kg) via intra-peritoneal injection and were intra-nasally inoculated with 8 × 104 TCID50 of SARS-CoV-2 in 80 μL DMEM. On days 2, 5, 7, three hamsters were euthanized by intra-peritoneal injection of pentobarbital at 200mg/kg. No blinding was done and a sample size of three animals was selected to assess the level of variation between animals. Lungs (left) and one kidney were collected for viral load determination and were homogenized in 1mL PBS. Brain, nasal turbinate, lungs (right, liver, heart, spleen, duodenum, and kidney were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for histopathological examination. To collect fecal samples, hamsters were transferred to a new cage one day in advance and fresh fecal samples (10 pieces) were collected for quantitative real-time RT-PCR and TCID50 assay. To evaluate SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility by direct contact, donor hamsters were anesthetized and inoculated with 8 × 104 TCID50 of SARS-CoV-2. On 1 dpi or on 6 dpi, one inoculated donor was transferred to co-house with one naïve hamster in a clean cage and co-housing of the animals continued for at least 13 days. Experiments were repeated with three pairs of donors: direct contact at 1:1 ratio31 (link),32 (link). Body weight and clinical signs of the animals were monitored daily. To evaluate SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility via aerosols, one naïve hamster was exposed to one inoculated donor hamster in two adjacent stainless steel wired cages on 1 dpi for 8 hours (Extended Data Fig. 3). DietGel®76A (ClearH2O®) was provided to the hamsters during the 8-hour exposure. Exposure was done by holding the animals inside individually ventilated cages (IsoCage N, Techniplast) with 70 air changes per hour. Experiments were repeated with three pairs of donors: aerosol contact at 1:1 ratio. After exposure, the animals were single-housed in separate cages and were continued monitored for 14 days. To evaluate transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 virus via fomites, three naïve fomite contact hamsters were each introduced to a soiled donor cage on 2 dpi. The fomite contact hamsters were single-housed for 48 hours inside the soiled cages and then were each transferred to a new cage on 4 dpi of the donor. All animals were continued monitored for 14 days. For nasal wash collection, hamsters were anesthetized by ketamine (100mg/kg) and xylazine (10mg/kg) via intra-peritoneal injection and 160 μL of PBS containing 0.3% BSA was used to collect nasal washes from both nostrils of each animal. Collected nasal washes were diluted 1:1 by volume and aliquoted for TCID50 assay in Vero E6 cells and for quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The contact hamster were handled first followed by surface decontamination using 1% virkon and handling of the donor hamster.
Sia S.F., Yan L.M., Chin A.W., Fung K., Choy K.T., Wong A.Y., Kaewpreedee P., Perera R.A., Poon L.L., Nicholls J.M., Peiris M, & Yen H.L. (2020). Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters. Nature, 583(7818), 834-838.
Publication 2020
Animals Animals, Domestic Animals, Laboratory Biological Assay Body Weight Brain Chinese Decontamination Donors Duodenum Faculty, Medical Feces Fomites Hamsters Heart Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Kidney Liver Lung Males Mesocricetus auratus Nose paraform Patient Holding Stretchers Pentobarbital Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Spleen Stainless Steel Tissue Donors Transmission, Communicable Disease Turbinates Vero Cells Virkon Xylazine
3
Evaluating Childhood Socioeconomic Status
We used the following measures of social background, the HOME, child development and growth collected in the main study.
Social background: On enrollment, i.e. at the beginning of pregnancy, information on age of the mother, parental education and occupation, and structure of the house was collected. The housing was categorized as 0=any part made from mud and 1=made from other materials. Income and expenditure ratio was assessed and coded as in deficit or in balance. In addition, the possession of certain household items (e.g. television, radio, domestic animal, chair, table, bed, bicycle, and rickshaw) was recorded and the items were then factor-analyzed, and the resulting factor was used as a wealth index (18 (link)). Weights of children were measured in the home within 72 hours of birth, their lengths and weights were measured at 18 months of age, and weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), and height-for-age (HAZ) scores were calculated.
Home stimulation: At the same home-visit when the FCI questionnaire was given, the mothers were also given a modified version of Caldwell's HOME (4 (link)) to measure the quality of stimulation in the home. One of the four research assistants interviewed them. Before starting the study, the interviewers were trained and reliabilities with the trainer assessed. Each interviewer conducted five interviews with non-study mothers and children and observed and scored 15 other interviews in presence of the trainer to assess inter-observer reliability. The intraclass correlation for each of the four interviewers with the trainer ranged from r=0.94 to 0.99 (n=20).
Hamadani J.D., Tofail F., Hilaly A., Huda S.N., Engle P, & Grantham-McGregor S.M. (2010). Use of Family Care Indicators and Their Relationship with Child Development in Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 28(1), 23-33.
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Publication 2010
Animals, Domestic Child Childbirth Child Development Households Interviewers Mothers Parent Pregnancy
4
Comprehensive Gene Annotation of the San Clemente Goat Genome
We employed EVidence Modeler (EVM)63 (link) to consolidate RNA-seq, cDNA, and protein alignments with ab initio gene predictions and the CHIR_1.0 annotation into a final gene set. RNA-seq data included 6 tissues (hippocampus, hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, testis, and thyroid) extracted from the domesticated San Clemente goat reference animal and 13 tissues pulled from NCBI SRA (Supplementary Table 11). Reads were cleaned with Trimmomatic64 (link) and aligned to the genome with Tophat265 (link). Alignments were then assembled independently with StringTie66 (link), Cufflinks67 (link) and de novo assembled with Trinity68 (link). RNA-seq assemblies were combined and further refined using PASA63 (link). Protein and cDNA alignments using exonerate and tblastn with Ensembl datasets of Ovis aries, Bos taurus, Equus caballus, Sus scrofa, and Homo sapiens as well as NCBI annotation of Capra hircus and Ab initio predictions by Braker169 (link) were computed. The CHIR_1.0 annotation coordinates were translated into our coordinate system with the UCSC liftOver tool. All lines of evidence were then fed into EVM using intuitive weighting (RNAseq > cDNA/protein > ab initio gene predictions). Finally, EVM models were updated with PASA.
Bickhart D.M., Rosen B.D., Koren S., Sayre B.L., Hastie A.R., Chan S., Lee J., Lam E.T., Liachko I., Sullivan S.T., Burton J.N., Huson H.J., Nystrom J.C., Kelley C.M., Hutchison J.L., Zhou Y., Sun J., Crisà A., de León F.A., Schwartz J.C., Hammond J.A., Waldbieser G.C., Schroeder S.G., Liu G.E., Dunham M.J., Shendure J., Sonstegard T.S., Phillippy A.M., Van Tassell C.P, & Smith T.P. (2017). Single-molecule sequencing and chromatin conformation capture enable de novo reference assembly of the domestic goat genome. Nature genetics, 49(4), 643-650.
Publication 2017
Animals, Domestic Bos taurus DNA, Complementary Domestic Sheep Equus caballus Gene Annotation Gene Products, Protein Genes Genome Goat Homo sapiens Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Proteins RNA-Seq Seahorses Sus scrofa Testis Thyroid Gland Tissues
5
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Adult Neurogenesis
The experiments were largely done on material from a previously published study [8 (link)]. A set of 6 week-old 24 female C57BL/6 mice (19–24 g; Charles River) were divided into 6 groups and perfused 4 hours (N = 5), 1 day (N = 5), 3 days (N = 5), 1 week (N = 5), 2.5 weeks (N = 4) and 4 weeks (N = 5) after a single intraperitoneal BrdU-injection (5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine, 50 mg/kg BrdU in sterile 0,9% NaCl; Sigma).
Additional 18 female C57BL/6 mice (same age as above) were divided into 3 groups: seizure (N = 6), running (N = 6) and controls (N = 6). Seizure animals received a single intraperitoneal application of 30 mg/kg kainic acid (KA, Sigma) in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on the day before BrdU-injections (Day 0), and only those displaying continuous convulsive seizure activity were used in these experiments. The "Runner" group was housed with 2–3 animals per cage that was equipped with a running wheel. During the first 7 days of the experiment all animals received one daily injection of BrdU. Tissue from this experiment will be used in an unrelated study. Data on dendritic morphology, etc., were exclusively generated for the present study.
To analyze the spatial relationship between DCX-positive cells and astrocytes we used 3 female transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein EGFP under the promoter for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The animals were kindly provided by Helmut Kettenmann, Berlin [37 (link)] and were 7 weeks of age. For the detection of apoptosis a total of 37 female C57BL/6J mice (Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany), 8 weeks of age, were used.
For the water maze experiment, 21 female Nestin-GFP reporter mice [69 (link)] (C57BL/6, 10 weeks of age at the beginning of the experiment) were used and randomly assigned to one of the following experimental groups: Morris water maze hidden version, Morris water maze cued version, standard laboratory conditions. On the 3 days before the experiment each animal received single injection of BrdU. Animals were subjected to water maze training at days 5 to 8 of the experiment (days 5 to 8 after the last BrdU injection). We followed the protocol devised by Wolfer and Lipp [70 (link)]. Six trials of training each maximally lasting for 2 minutes were given each day. Tissue from that experiment that has been published elsewhere [44 (link)] was analyzed for the present study. Again, the data on dendritic morphology, etc., were exclusively generated for the present study.
Plümpe T., Ehninger D., Steiner B., Klempin F., Jessberger S., Brandt M., Römer B., Rodriguez G.R., Kronenberg G, & Kempermann G. (2006). Variability of doublecortin-associated dendrite maturation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis is independent of the regulation of precursor cell proliferation. BMC Neuroscience, 7, 77.
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Publication 2006
Animals Animals, Domestic Apoptosis Astrocytes Bromodeoxyuridine Convulsive Seizures Dendrites enhanced green fluorescent protein Females Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Injections, Intraperitoneal Kainic Acid MAZE protocol Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Transgenic Morris Water Maze Test Phosphates Protein, Nestin Rivers Saline Solution Seizures Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Animals, Domestic»

1
Animal Welfare-Approved Rat Experiments
All experiments were conducted according to the German Animal Welfare Act and were approved by the State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (LANUV approval IDs: 87-51.04.2010.A274, 84-02.04.2015.A427, 84-02.04.2016.A135, and 81-02.04.2018.A426). Experiments were performed with 71 adult Fischer rats (>3 month). A total of 70 animals were female and had a weight of (184 ± 14) g, one animal was male and weighed 261 g. Rats were housed in groups of two to five animals under a regular light/dark schedule (12/12 h) with food and water ad libitum.
Lambers H., Wachsmuth L., Lippe C, & Faber C. (2023). The impact of vasomotion on analysis of rodent fMRI data. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1064000.
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Publication 2023
Adult Animals Animals, Domestic Females Food Light Males Rats, Inbred F344 Rattus norvegicus
2
Urinary Response to PTH Receptor Activation in Mice
Mice were housed at the University of Pittsburgh Department of Laboratory Animals. Experimental procedures were approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Mice were propagated in the C57Bl/6J background. All experimental mice were the product of crosses between male and female Muc1+/− mice. Genotyping was performed as previously described (39 (link)). All Muc1+/+ (control) mice were littermate controls. Mice were fed Prolab Isopro RMH 3000, LabDiet chow (1.09% Ca2+, 0.24% Mg2+, 0.94% K+, and 0.23% Na+) and water purified by reverse osmosis. They were maintained on a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle.
Urine collection was performed as follows: to ensure voiding and to prevent volume depletion, animals were first injected with 7.5% (volume/body weight) sterile NSS and then placed in a metabolic cage. Urine voided in the first 30 min was discarded. Urine was then collected over the next 3.5 h. Animals were sacrificed, and bladder urine was aspirated and combined with urine collected in metabolic cages.
At time of sacrifice, mice underwent nonsurvival surgery under isoflurane anesthesia to collect blood, kidney, and duodenum specimens.
To examine urinary response to PTH receptor activation, mice were injected with the stable PTH analog, TPT. Mice were given an injection of vehicle alone (5% volume/body weight NSS, i.p.), and urine was collected in metabolic cages as six 1-h fractions. Two days later, mice were again injected with 5% body weight NSS, this time with 150 μg/kg TPT. Urine was again collected in metabolic cages as six 1-h fractions to assess urinary excretion of Na, phosphorus, and Ca.
Al-bataineh M.M., Kinlough C.L., Marciszyn A., Lam T., Ye L., Kidd K., Maggiore J.C., Poland P.A., Kmoch S., Bleyer A., Bain D.J., Montalbetti N., Kleyman T.R., Hughey R.P, & Ray E.C. (2023). Influence of glycoprotein MUC1 on trafficking of the Ca2+-selective ion channels, TRPV5 and TRPV6, and on in vivo calcium homeostasis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 299(3), 102925.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Animals Animals, Domestic BLOOD Body Weight Duodenum Females Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane Kidney Males Mice, House MUC1 protein, human Operative Surgical Procedures Osmosis Phosphorus Sterility, Reproductive Urinary Bladder Urine Urine Specimen Collection
3
Mouse Housing and Feeding Protocols

Male Swiss mice (Janvier Laboratories, Saint Isle, France). Mice were fed ad libitum.

Female BALB/c mice aged 5 to 7 weeks were purchased from Janvier Laboratories, France. Mice were housed at 5 animals per cage with sterile bedding in HEPA–filtered racks (Tecniplast, France) in certified animal biosafety level 3 (ABSL-3) laboratories. Temperatures were maintained at 65-75°F (∼18-23 °C) with 40-60% humidity. Specific pathogen-free status was verified by testing sentinel mice housed within the same rack. Mice had ad libitum access to water and food pellets.

For combination studies, Female BALB/c mice 6-8 weeks old, purchased from Charles River (Wilmington, MA, USA) were used.

Zhang J., Lair C., Roubert C., Amaning K., Barrio M.B., Benedetti Y., Cui Z., Xing Z., Li X., Franzblau S.G., Baurin N., Bordon-Pallier F., Cantalloube C., Sans S., Silve S., Blanc I., Fraisse L., Rak A., Jenner L.B., Yusupova G., Yusupov M., Zhang J., Kaneko T., Yang T.J., Fotouhi N., Nuermberger E., Tyagi S., Betoudji F., Upton A., Sacchettini J.C, & Lagrange S. (2023). Discovery of natural-product-derived sequanamycins as potent oral anti-tuberculosis agents. Cell, 186(5), 1013-1025.e24.
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Publication 2023
Animals, Domestic Animals, Laboratory Females Food Humidity Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred BALB C Mouse, Swiss Pellets, Drug Rivers Specific Pathogen Free Sterility, Reproductive
4
Coordinated One Health Zoonotic Surveillance
The data and information collated in reports resulting from a range of preparatory activities have been used for the design of the coordinated surveillance system under the One Health approach.
Briefly, experts contracted under EFSA's Independent Scientific Advice scheme have prepared an overview of the different animal species that can be infected with the selected infectious zoonotic pathogens and collated scientific evidence for the disease and surveillance cards.
The Enetwild consortium has carried out literature reviews on worldwide surveillance systems targeting transboundary zoonotic and emerging diseases within the holistic One‐Health perspective (Enetwild consortium et al., 2022a (link)), and on the main existing structures and systematic/academic initiatives for surveillance in the EU for zoonoses in the environment and the methods for surveillance of pathogens in the environment (Enetwild consortium et al., 2022b (link)), which were consulted by the Working Group (WG) during the assessment process.
The description of the main existing structures and systematic initiatives and academic activities for surveillance in the EU for transboundary, emerging and re‐emerging zoonoses in domestic animals and wildlife (Enetwild consortium et al., 2022c (link)) has been considered by the WG experts in their assessment of the feasibility of different possible surveillance options.
The information presented by the Enetwild consortium on endangered wildlife hosts in Europe for selected pathogens to be targeted by One Health surveillance (Enetwild consortium et al., 2022d) and the recommendations and technical specifications for sustainable surveillance of zoonotic pathogens where wildlife is implicated (Enetwild consortium et al., 2023 (link)) have been used for developing the proposals of surveillance options targeting wildlife species.
Data and information on vectors and vector surveillance developed under the VectorNet project (ECDC, 2014 (link); ECDC and EFSA, 2018) have been used by the WG experts for the development of proposals of surveillance options targeting mosquitos and ticks.
Berezowski J., De Balogh K., Dórea F.C., Ruegg S., Broglia A., Zancanaro G, & Gervelmeyer A. (2023). Coordinated surveillance system under the One Health approach for cross‐border pathogens that threaten the Union – options for sustainable surveillance strategies for priority pathogens. EFSA Journal, 21(3), e07882.
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Publication 2023
Animals Animals, Domestic Cloning Vectors Culicidae pathogenesis Process Assessment, Health Care Ticks Zoonoses
5
Digitally Tracking Childhood Infections
Parents and guardians are instructed to collect data for the enrolled child. Following the installation of the device, participants complete an online intake baseline questionnaire, which covers demographics, household composition, domestic animals in and around the home, diaper use, water consumption and medications. At least 7 days after the device is installed, participants begin to receive weekly text messages asking if their child exhibited signs/symptoms of GI or acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the previous week. Prior studies of drinking water interventions have relied on paper-based symptom diaries often returned biweekly or monthly, which can be prone to recall bias.27 32 (link) More frequent contact and more prompt response through weekly SMS is likely to reduce such bias. Participants respond ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to these text messages. When symptoms are reported, participants are texted (or emailed) a link to an online illness questionnaire that requests information on symptom type, severity, onset and duration. The illness questionnaire also includes questions on potential other sources of infection, including travel, food and daycare during the 7-day pre-illness exposure period. The illness questionnaire uses an interactive calendar feature (figure 4) to aid recall. Text message responses and illness questionnaires are compiled in a secure, online dashboard so that select members of the research team (eg, trial manager) can conduct additional follow-up via phone, text or email for participants who have not responded within 48 hours of receiving their initial text or questionnaire link.
Online midpoint and exit questionnaires, similar to the baseline instrument, are administered to assess for changes in child or household characteristics since the baseline period. Additionally, the exit questionnaire requests participants to guess their intervention group so that we can assess the effectiveness of blinding by the James Blinding Index.33 34 (link) Midpoint and exit questionnaires are also compiled in the dashboard. All survey instruments can be found in online supplemental text S3–S9.
Lee D., Denno D., Tarr P., Wu J., Stokdyk J.P., Borchardt M, & Murphy H.M. (2023). Study design and methods of the Wells and Enteric disease Transmission (WET) Trial: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 13(3), e068560.
Publication 2023
Animals, Domestic Child Day Care, Medical Food Households Infection Legal Guardians Medical Devices Mental Recall Parent Pharmaceutical Preparations Respiratory Tract Infections Signs and Symptoms Water Consumption

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More about "Animals, Domestic"

Domestic animals, also known as livestock or companion animals, encompass a wide range of species that have been domesticated for agricultural or companionship purposes.
This includes cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, poultry, and numerous small pets like dogs, cats, and rodents.
These animals play a vital role in human society, providing food, fiber, transportation, and emotional support.
Understanding the biology, behavior, and health of domestic animals is crucial for optimizing their care, productivity, and welfare.
Researchers in the field of domestic animal studies utilize a variety of techniques, from comparative physiology to genetic analysis, to unlock new insights and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their findings.
This includes the use of model organisms like C57BL/6J mice, C57BL/6 mice, and Sprague-Dawley rats, which share many similarities with domestic animals and can provide valuable insights.
The DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit is a common tool used in domestic animal research, enabling the extraction of high-quality DNA from a variety of samples.
By studying the genetic makeup of domestic animals, researchers can better understand their inherent traits, susceptibilities, and potential for improvement.
Whether you're a farmer, veterinarian, or simply someone interested in the fascinating world of domestic animals, understanding these remarkable creatures and the research that supports their well-being is essential.
With the help of AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai, you can streamline your research process and unlock new insights into the diverse and important field of domestic animal studies.