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Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis.
It is a significant public health concern, responsible for thousands of deaths annually.
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Our AI-driven comparisons enhance reproducibility and accuracy, helping you idenfity the most effective methods and products.
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Most cited protocols related to «Clostridium difficile»

1
Characterization of C. difficile Isolates
A panel of well characterised C. difficile isolates representing 70 distinct PCR-ribotypes was used in this study [22 (link)]. The panel comprised PCR-ribotypes known to be associated with human CDI in Europe. This collection was assembled using type strains previously shared between two established PCR-ribotyping laboratories (Clostridium difficile Network for England and Northern Ireland (CDRN), and National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile at University Medical Centre, Leiden). All PCR-ribotypes were originally assigned in association with the Anaerobic Reference Laboratory at Cardiff (ARL) using agarose gel-based PCR-ribotyping technique (Table 1). Data on isolates in the panel have been made available on-line in a National Center for Biotechnology Information BioProject database (NCBI) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/248340). In addition, a subset (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)-Brazier collection) is available to all reference laboratories in Europe who participate in the European C. difficile infection study network (ECDIS-NET) [23 ].
Fawley W.N., Knetsch C.W., MacCannell D.R., Harmanus C., Du T., Mulvey M.R., Paulick A., Anderson L., Kuijper E.J, & Wilcox M.H. (2015). Development and Validation of an Internationally-Standardized, High-Resolution Capillary Gel-Based Electrophoresis PCR-Ribotyping Protocol for Clostridium difficile. PLoS ONE, 10(2), e0118150.
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Publication 2015
Clostridium difficile Europeans Homo sapiens Infection Ribotype Sepharose Strains Venous Catheter, Central
2
Nursing Home Infection Surveillance Criteria
First we searched for relevant guidelines, using Medline, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Cochrane Health Technology Assessment, National Institutes of Health Consensus Development, and the US Preventative Services Task Force. On the basis of a review of those guidelines, each team developed a series of key questions. Examples of these key questions are “What is the utility of examination of urine for pyuria for the diagnosis of symptomatic urinary tract infection?” and “What is the diagnostic accuracy of pulse oximetry for nursing home pneumonia?” These key questions further guided the evidence review used to revise the existing surveillance criteria. Next, a search of the primary literature was performed, using Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Registry. Examples of key search terms include the following: nursing home, long-term care, aged, skilled nursing facility, older adults, elderly, fever, healthcare-associated infection, pneumonia, influenza, respiratory tract infection, functional impairment, confusion, leukocyte count, pulse oximetry, urinary tract infection, bacteriuria, urine culture, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, Clostridium difficile, norovirus, cellulitis, soft tissue infection, pressure ulcer, scabies. A line listing of articles that met the search criteria and were included in the final analyses is available upon request from the authors.
Stone N.D., Ashraf M.S., Calder J., Crnich C.J., Crossley K., Drinka P.J., Gould C.V., Juthani-Mehta M., Lautenbach E., Loeb M., MacCannell T., Malani P.N., Mody L., Mylotte J.M., Nicolle L.E., Roghmann M.C., Schweon S.J., Simor A.E., Smith P.W., Stevenson K.B, & Bradley S.F. (2012). Surveillance Definitions of Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities: Revisiting the McGeer Criteria. Infection control and hospital epidemiology : the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America, 33(10), 965-977.
Publication 2012
Aged Cellulitis Clostridium difficile Diagnosis Diarrhea Fever Gastroenteritis Infections, Hospital Influenza Leukocyte Count Long-Term Care Norovirus Oximetry, Pulse Pneumonia Pressure Ulcer Respiratory Tract Infections Scabies Soft Tissue Infection Technology Assessment, Biomedical Urinalysis Urinary Tract Infection Urine
3
Construction of Reference Databases for Microbial Genomics
The ‘in-house extended NR database’ included the data set from the GenBank non-redundant amino-acid database (version 26, May 2007) plus a dataset obtained by MetaGene prediction from 44 unpublished microbial genome sequences (Supplementary Table S1). These unpublished sequences were obtained from the public database and the websites of the Genome Sequencing Center of Washington University, St Louis (http://genome.wustl.edu/sub_genome_group_index.cgi?GROUP = 3) and the Human Metagenome Consortium Japan (HMGJ; http://www.metagenome.jp/). The ‘reference dataset for COG (Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins) assignment’ (Supplementary Table S2) contained 343 microbial genome sequences where COG assignment has been made for all the genes by the NCBI. The ‘in-house reference database’ (referred to as ‘Ref-DB’) was constructed by selecting 243 microbial genomes (Supplementary Table S3) from the reference dataset for COG assignment. To avoid the effect of multiply sequenced species, we selected one representative strain from each species. To identify the genomic features specific to human gut microbiomes, known gut microbes were also excluded from Ref-DB.
To search for the genes related to the Tn1549-like conjugative transposons (CTns), we also constructed a modified Ref-DB by adding the genes on Tn1549 from Enterococcus faecalis strain BM4382 (AAF72340-68)30 (link) and on CTn2, CTn4, and CTn5 of Clostridium difficile strain 630.31 (link) Since Ref-DB originally includes those on the Tn1549-like CTns from E. faecalis strain V583 32 (link) and Streptococcus pyogenes strain MGAS10750,33 (link) the modified Ref-DB contains six known Tn1549-like CTns.
Kurokawa K., Itoh T., Kuwahara T., Oshima K., Toh H., Toyoda A., Takami H., Morita H., Sharma V.K., Srivastava T.P., Taylor T.D., Noguchi H., Mori H., Ogura Y., Ehrlich D.S., Itoh K., Takagi T., Sakaki Y., Hayashi T, & Hattori M. (2007). Comparative Metagenomics Revealed Commonly Enriched Gene Sets in Human Gut Microbiomes. DNA Research: An International Journal for Rapid Publication of Reports on Genes and Genomes, 14(4), 169-181.
Publication 2007
Amino Acids Clostridium difficile Enterococcus faecalis Gastrointestinal Microbiome Genes Genome Genome, Microbial Homo sapiens Human Microbiome Jumping Genes Metagenome Proteins Strains Streptococcus pyogenes
4
Integration Vectors for Clostridium Species
Integration vectors for use in C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, Clostridium sporogenes NCIMB 10696 and Clostridium difficile 630 are based upon Clostridium–E. coli shuttle plasmids pMTL85141, pMTL85151 and pMTL83151, respectively (7 (link)), and differ to those parental plasmids only between the SbfI and AscI sites. The integration vectors and their key functional components are listed in Table 1, and annotated sequences are available from GenBank/EMBL/DDJB. Chromosomal DNA of phage lambda cI857ind 1 Sam 7 was obtained from NEB and fragments were cloned as shown in Figure 3. L12 was derived from L18 by a spontaneous deletion of 5996 bp corresponding to nucleotides 21738–27733 of the lambda cI857ind 1 Sam 7 chromosome.
Heap J.T., Ehsaan M., Cooksley C.M., Ng Y.K., Cartman S.T., Winzer K, & Minton N.P. (2012). Integration of DNA into bacterial chromosomes from plasmids without a counter-selection marker. Nucleic Acids Research, 40(8), e59.
Publication 2012
Bacteriophage lambda Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 Cloning Vectors Clostridium Clostridium difficile Clostridium sporogenes Deletion Mutation Escherichia coli Nucleotides Parent Plasmids sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate
5
Multi-pathogen Surveillance in Mozambique
Trained field enumerators completed consent procedures and surveys in the participant’s preferred language (Portuguese or Changana) and collected biological sampless from enrolled children (Appendix 1- Consent procedures, survey administration, and sample collection and analysis). At baseline we aimed to visit intervention compounds 2 weeks prior to the opening of the new latrines. We scheduled follow-up visits to be 12 months (±2 weeks) and 24 months (±2 weeks) from the date compound members began using their new latrines, with visits to control compounds made concurrently (±2 weeks).
We collected stool samples independently of reported symptomology. If we were unable to collect a stool sample after multiple attempts, a registered nurse collected a rectal swab after obtaining written consent for the procedure from a parent or guardian. Stool samples were kept cold and delivered to the Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology at the Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS) within 6 hr of collection for analysis and storage at −80°C.
Samples were shipped frozen with temperatures monitors to the Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta, USA) where we used the xTAG GPP (Luminex Corp, Austin, USA), a qualitative multiplex molecular assay, to detect 15 enteric pathogens in stool samples: Campylobacter jejuni/coli/lari; Clostridium difficile, toxin A/B; enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST; Shiga-like toxin producing E. coli (STEC) stx1/stx2; E. coli O157; Salmonella; Shigella boydii/sonnei/flexneri/dysenteriae; Vibrio cholerae; Yersinia enterocolitica; Giardia lamblia; Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis; Entamoeba histolytica; adenovirus 40/41; norovirus GI/GII; and rotavirus. The GPP has been rigorously tested and extensively used for stool-based enteric pathogen detection (Chisenga et al., 2018 (link); Claas, 2013 (link); Deng et al., 2015 (link); Duong et al., 2016 (link); Huang et al., 2016 (link); Kellner et al., 2019 (link); Khare et al., 2014 (link); Navidad et al., 2013 (link); Patel et al., 2014 (link)). We analyzed samples according to manufacturer instructions with the addition of elution steps for the pretreatment of rectal swabs and diaper material saturated with liquid stool (Appendix 1- Consent procedures, survey administration, and specimen collection and analysis). Technicians at INS assessed stool samples for the presence of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) using the single-slide Kato-Katz microscope method (Vestergaard Frandsen, Lausanne, Switzerland).
Representatives of the National Deworming Campaign (NDC) at the Mozambican Ministério da Saúde (MISAU) offered single-dose albendazole (400 mg, 200 mg for children aged 6–12 months) to all eligible members of intervention and control compounds following sample collection activities of each phase. Eligibility was defined by the NDC and included compound members older than 6 months who were not pregnant.
Knee J., Sumner T., Adriano Z., Anderson C., Bush F., Capone D., Casmo V., Holcomb D., Kolsky P., MacDougall A., Molotkova E., Braga J.M., Russo C., Schmidt W.P., Stewart J., Zambrana W., Zuin V., Nalá R., Cumming O, & Brown J. (2021). Effects of an urban sanitation intervention on childhood enteric infection and diarrhea in Maputo, Mozambique: A controlled before-and-after trial. eLife, 10, e62278.
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Publication 2021
Adenoviruses Albendazole austin Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Campylobacter lari Child Clostridium difficile Cold Temperature Cryptosporidium parvum Eligibility Determination Entamoeba histolytica Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Escherichia coli O157 Feces Freezing Giardia lamblia Helminths Legal Guardians Microscopy Norovirus Parent Pathogenicity Rectum Registered Nurse Rotavirus Salmonella Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli Shiga Toxins Shigella dysenteriae Specimen Collection STX2 protein, human Toxins, Biological Vibrio cholerae Yersinia enterocolitica

Most recents protocols related to «Clostridium difficile»

1
Predictive Model for COVID-19 Outcomes in Older Mexicans
The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Mexican Social Security Institute (protocol 2021–1909-106, August 9, 2021). This is a retrospective and non-interventional study, where medical records were consulted and data in the public repository are de-identified.
This study was carried out with records from patients hospitalized in the Zone General Hospital No. 4 “Villa Guadalupe” located in Guadalupe, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Patients 60 of years old and older with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-PCR test and hospitalized between December 1, 2020 and January 5, 2021 were included. A database was collected that included social security number, age, comorbidities, days of hospitalization, outcome, and date of discharge or death. Database, raw and processed are available at Mendeley Data, V1, https://doi.org/10.17632/z4z22nbmmz.1. ABC-GOALScl, which incorporates clinical and laboratory results, was used and scored as previously described [13 (link)]. This model includes sex, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), presence or absence of dyspnea by respiratory frequency (RF), Charlson comorbidity index, glucose serum levels, obesity, albumin serum levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels, and SpFi coefficient (Saturation of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen, SO2/FiO2, ratio). Subjects who had incomplete clinical records, were diagnosed with Acinetobacter spp. infection or Clostridium difficile, had records that came from another unit, or were directly admitted to the ICU were excluded. Files from subjects who voluntarily requested to leave the study were deleted.
The distribution of continuous variables was evaluated with Kolmogorov–Smirnov. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data; qualitative variables are described in frequencies and percentages. For comparison of qualitative variables, chi-squares and stepwise multivariate logistic ordinal regression models were run to calculate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for each component of the ABC-GOALScl score. For quantitative data, a t–test and a Mann–Whitney U test were performed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Camacho-Moll M.E., Ramírez-Daher Z., Escobedo-Guajardo B.L., Dávila-Valero J.C., Rodríguez-de la Garza B.L, & Bermúdez de León M. (2023). ABC-GOALScl score predicts admission to the intensive care unit and mortality of COVID-19 patients over 60 years of age. BMC Geriatrics, 23, 138.
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Publication 2023
Acinetobacter Infections Clostridium difficile COVID 19 Dyspnea Ethics Committees, Research Glucose Hospitalization Hypersensitivity Lactate Dehydrogenase Obesity Oxygen Saturation Patient Discharge Patients Respiratory Rate Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Serum Serum Albumin Systolic Pressure
2
Incarcerated Patient with Recurrent C. difficile Colitis
A 31-year-old incarcerated AA male complained of hematochezia and fever requiring admission to the hospital and was diagnosed with Clostridium difficile colitis. CT scan and colonoscopy showed left-sided colitis. Following treatment with oral vancomycin, outpatient colonoscopy was consistent with residual proctosigmoiditis. Through SDM, he was started on mesalamine enemas but had difficulty retaining them and decision was made to start on UST for ease of dosing and avoidance of per-rectum therapies per patient preference. The UST was infused at the clinic during a scheduled visit. He missed multiple doses due to inconsistent transport to clinic for nurse-led administration of medication. He was then released from custody and off all therapy until developing C. difficile infection requiring hospitalization. He was treated with vancomycin and then resumed on PO and PR mesalamine as an outpatient. However, upon reincarceration with questionable access to medication, he developed worsening symptoms and was started on sulfasalazine. Repeat colonoscopy showed Mayo 3 pancolitis with pathology confirming moderate inflammation. He resumed UST therapy with a standard loading dose given at a clinic appointment and 90 mg SC every 8 weeks consistently while incarcerated. The patient has since been released from the detention center and has a steady job. He has been in frequent contact with the PCMH and the behavioral health social worker who assists him in coming to appointments and receiving his medication in a timely fashion from the specialty pharmacy. Clinically, he is doing well and is planned for endoscopic evaluation shortly once his insurance is valid. Additional biochemical evaluation is pending given the cost associated with self-pay laboratory studies.
Barbina S., Romano J, & Forster E. (2023). Challenges in the Management of and Biologic Use in Incarcerated Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Crohn's & Colitis 360, 5(2), otad002.
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Publication 2023
Administration, Oral Clostridium difficile Colitis Colonoscopy Endoscopy Enema Fever Hematochezia Hospitalization Infection Inflammation Males Mesalamine Nurses Outpatients Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Proctosigmoiditis Sulfasalazine Therapeutics Vancomycin Worker, Social X-Ray Computed Tomography
3
Comprehensive Microbial Detection and Characterization Protocol
At least two samples of blood cultures were taken and inoculated in aerobic and anaerobic bottles (BD BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F and Plus Anaerobic/F) and monitored in the automatic system BD BACTEC (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, Maryland, USA) for a minimum incubation period of five days. Bacteremia was defined as the isolation of pathogenic bacteria in at least one bottle of blood culture. MDR-GNB was defined as a GNB resistant to three or more of the following categories of antibiotics: carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam, third and fourth-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, fluoroquinolones, or aminoglycosides [33 (link),34 (link)]. Microbiological identifications were made with MALDI-TOF (BD Bruker Microflex MALDI Biotyper, Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion, epsilometric tests, and/or the BD Phoenix automated system (Becton Dickinson). Breakpoints and interpretation were according to the CLSI recommendations. In carbapenem-resistant bacteria, carbapenemase production was investigated by the Blue-Carba assay and/or the double disk synergy tests (with carbapenems disks placed close to a boronic acid disk for KPC and an EDTA disk for identification of metallo-β-lactamases). The presence of genes coding for major carbapenemases (i.e., blaVIM, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48-group) was investigated by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers [35 ]. In order to detect colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rectal swabs were routinely collected (once a week and in every pre-transplant evaluation) and seeded in appropriate chromogenic media (CHROMAgar, Paris, France). Additionally, a multiplex PCR was performed directly from rectal swabs in order to detect blaKPC and blaOXA-48-group.
Clostridioides difficile was investigated in every patient with diarrhea by immunochromatography for the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxins A and B using a commercial kit (C. Diff Quick Check Complete TECHLAB Inc, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA). Those samples with positive GDH and negative toxins were analyzed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), using the LightMix® Kit Clostridium difficile EC in the Light Cycler 2.0 equipment (LC, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) [36 (link),37 (link)].
Herrera F., Torres D., Carena A., Nicola F., Rearte A., Temporiti E., Jorge L., Valentini R., Bues F., Relloso S, & Bonvehí P. (2023). Short Course of Antibiotic Therapy for Gram-Negative Bacilli Bacteremia in Patients with Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Less Is Possible. Microorganisms, 11(2), 511.
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Publication 2023
Aminoglycosides Antibiotics Antibiotics, Antitubercular Antigens azo rubin S Aztreonam Bacteremia Bacteria Bacteria, Aerobic Biological Assay Blood Culture Boronic Acids carbapenemase Carbapenems Cephalosporins Clostridioides Clostridium difficile Diagnosis Diarrhea Diffusion Edetic Acid Fluoroquinolones Genes Glutamate Dehydrogenase Grafts Immunochromatography isolation Light Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Oligonucleotide Primers Pathogenicity Patients Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Polymerase Chain Reaction Pseudomonas aeruginosa Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Rectum Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Susceptibility, Disease Toxins, Biological
4
Respiratory Distress in Preterm Neonate
At 48 h after CS, the patient had fever (38–40 °C) and tachycardia (120 bpm). The respiratory conditions remained extremely serious. On the sixth day of hospitalization, serum galactomannan and coproculture for Clostridium Difficile serum tested positive.
From the respiratory point of view, the patient’s condition had been stationary, but serious for weeks. The mechanical ventilation mode (IPPV) was never changed and a total of seven pronation cycles were carried out. The newborn died due to severe prematurity after 19 days.
Di Lorenzo P., Casella C., Marisei M., Sarno L., Aquino C.I., Osuna E., Guida M, & Niola M. (2023). A COVID Dilemma: How to Manage Pregnancies in Case of Severe Respiratory Failure?. Healthcare, 11(4), 486.
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Publication 2023
Clostridium difficile Fever galactomannan Hospitalization Infant, Newborn Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation Patients Premature Birth Pronation Respiration Disorders Respiratory Rate Serum
5
Hospital-Acquired Infections: Definitions and Criteria
A community-acquired (CA) infection or co-infection is an infection detected within the first 48 h of hospital admission. A superinfection or hospital-acquired infection (HAI) refers to all infections detected after the first 48 h. Further, early hospital-acquired (EHA) infections are the ones detected between the second and fifth day of hospitalization, whilst late hospital-acquired (LHA) infections are those detected after the fifth day. A confirmed infection was considered to be a positive blood, urinary, BAL, sputum or pleural fluid culture or a positive stool for the Clostridium difficile antigen or toxin. Non-infected patients were those with no clinical signs and symptoms of infections of any origin or any laboratory tests, including cultures that indicated an infection as well as COVID-19. Vaccinated patients were those who had received the required number of vaccine doses that were mandatory according to the National Committee of Vaccination during the period of their hospitalization. Most of the vaccinated patients had received three doses at that time.
Michailides C., Paraskevas T., Karalis I., Koniari I., Pierrakos C., Karamouzos V., Marangos M, & Velissaris D. (2023). Impact of Bacterial Infections on COVID-19 Patients: Is Timing Important?. Antibiotics, 12(2), 379.
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Publication 2023
Antigens Birth Blood Clostridium difficile Coinfection Community-Acquired Infections COVID 19 Feces Hospitalization Infection Infections, Hospital Patients Pleura Sputum Superinfection Toxins, Biological Urine Vaccination Vaccines

Top products related to «Clostridium difficile»

1
Multiscreen 96 well assay plates item magvs2210 by Merck Group
The MultiScreen™ 96-Well Assay Plates—Item MAGVS2210 are a type of laboratory equipment used for various assays. The plates feature 96 wells and are made of a magnetic material. This product is designed to facilitate efficient sample processing and analysis in a microplate format.
2
L cysteine by Merck Group
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L-cysteine is an amino acid that serves as a key component in the manufacturing of various laboratory reagents and equipment. It functions as a building block for proteins and plays a crucial role in the formulation of buffers, cell culture media, and other essential laboratory solutions.
3
Clostridium difficile agar base by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom
Clostridium difficile agar base is a culture medium used for the isolation and enumeration of Clostridium difficile bacteria from clinical samples and environmental sources. It provides the necessary nutrients and selective agents to support the growth of Clostridium difficile while inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms.
4
Anaerobic chamber by Coy Laboratory Products
Sourced in United States
The Anaerobic Chamber is a laboratory equipment designed to provide a controlled, oxygen-free environment for various applications that require an anaerobic atmosphere. It maintains a low-oxygen, high-nitrogen or carbon dioxide atmosphere to support the growth and handling of anaerobic organisms or to perform experiments and procedures that require an anaerobic environment.
5
Histodenz by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Histodenz is a density gradient medium used for the separation and purification of cells, organelles, and other biological particles. It is a non-toxic, non-ionic solute that can be used to create density gradients for centrifugation. Histodenz provides a stable, inert matrix for the separation of a variety of biological samples.
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Bhi broth by BD
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BHI broth is a general-purpose microbiological growth medium. It is composed of a mixture of nutrients designed to support the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, and fungi. The broth provides essential nutrients and growth factors required for microbial proliferation.
7
Clostridium difficile agar with 7 sheep blood by BD
BD Clostridium Difficile Agar with 7% Sheep Blood is a selective and differential medium used for the isolation and identification of Clostridium difficile from clinical specimens. It contains 7% defibrinated sheep blood and selective agents that inhibit the growth of most other microorganisms, allowing for the isolation of C. difficile.
8
Brain heart infusion by BD
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan
Brain Heart Infusion is a general-purpose microbiological growth medium used for the cultivation of a wide range of microorganisms, including aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. It provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors for the optimal growth of these microorganisms in a laboratory setting.
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Erythromycin by Merck Group
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Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site during translation.
10
Clostridium difficile agar by bioMérieux
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Clostridium difficile agar is a laboratory media used for the selective isolation and identification of Clostridium difficile bacteria from clinical samples.

More about "Clostridium difficile"

Clostridium difficile, also known as C. diff, is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium that is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis.
It is a significant public health concern, responsible for thousands of deaths annually.
This pathogenic bacteria can cause a range of gastrointestinal issues, from mild diarrhea to life-threatening conditions like pseudomembranous colitis.
It is particularly problematic in healthcare settings, where it can spread rapidly among vulnerable patients who have been exposed to antibiotics.
To study and work with C. diff, researchers may utilize specialized equipment and media, such as MultiScreen™ 96-Well Assay Plates, L-cysteine, Clostridium difficile agar base, Anaerobic chambers, Histodenz, BHI broth, BD Clostridium Difficile Agar with 7% Sheep Blood, Brain Heart Infusion, and Erythromycin.
These tools and reagents help support the growth, identification, and analysis of this fastidious anaerobic bacterium.
Optimizing C. diff research is crucial for developing effective diagnostic tests, treatments, and preventive measures.
PubCompare.ai can assist researchers by locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and providing AI-driven comparisons to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
This can help researchers identify the most effective methods and products, streamlining their Clostridum difficile studies.